41. Urology At MUC-Hypospadias hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening When we see a boy with hypospadias there is a 20% chance of finding it in http://www.med.umich.edu/urology/PatientInfo/PatientInfoPages/Hypospadias.htm

Department of Urology at the Michigan Urology Center Patient Information Clinical Specialties Residency and Fellowships Research Programs ... Department History Hypospadias Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract opening is not at the tip of the penis. Bending of the penis on erection may be associated with this and is known as chordee. Hypospadias occurs in about 8 of 1000 male births. There is some family risk of hypospadias. When we see a boy with hypospadias there is a 20% chance of finding it in another family member. There are different degrees of hypospadias some minor and others more severe. We name the types of hypospadias according to their anatomic location, but one must always determine whether or not there is associated chordee. Reasons For Repair Surgical correction of hypospadias involves straightening of any chordee and then extension of the urinary tube (urethra) out to the tip of the penis (glans). The ability to stand and urinate is important for boys. When the urethra opens before it reaches the glans a boy may be unable to stand and urinate with a direct stream. The youngster who has to sit down to urinate on a toilet is at a painful social disadvantage.

42. Pediatric Urology - Hypospadias Pediatric Urology involves managment of genital and urinary problems that occurin children. A special emphasis on developmental problems affecting the http://www.cornellurology.com/uro/cornell/pediatrics/hypospadias.shtml

Advanced Search General Information Prenatal Hydronephrosis Undescended Testes ... Patients Pediatric Urology Hypospadias Hypospadias Embryology Treatment Potential Complications Discharge Instructions ... When To Seek Attention Hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the penile meatus is not at the tip of the penis. The meatus is the term for the opening of the penis through which urine normally exits the bladder. The incidence is reported to be 1 in 300 live male births. There is some family risk of hypospadias, as familial tendencies have been noted. Up to 14% of male siblings are affected. Hypospadias is usually classified according to the location of the opening. As the defect increases in severity, the opening to the penis will be found further back on the penis. The most severe types can have openings at the region of the scrotum and even in the perineum (the region between the anus and scrotum). Hypospadias can be associated with another defect called chordee. Chordee is a downward curvature of the penis. Both hypospadias and chordee must be repaired so that a child can have normal urinary and reproductive health. back to top Embryology: As a boy is developing in utero, the penis begins to form in the sixth week of fetal life. Two folds of tissue join each other in the middle and a hollow tube is formed in the middle of the future penis. This tube is the urethra and its opening is called the penile meatus. As the skin folds develop to form the penis, any interruption in this process leads to the meatus being located in a location further from the end of the penis. The exact etiology for this premature cessation of urethral formation is poorly understood. In addition, the etiology of the often-associated abnormal downward curvature (chordee) is also poorly understood.

43. Hypospadias Usually performed between 2 and 4 years of age; Glandular hypospadias requiresa glandular meatotomy Complications of hypospadias surgery include http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/system/hnep/hypospadias.htm

Up Tracheostomy Foreign bodies ENT disorders ... Neck lumps in children Hypospadias Affects approximately 1 in 500 boys Due to incomplete fusion of genital folds and glandular urethra Urethra found on ventral surface of penis Replaced distally fibrous chordee Deformity consists of malpositioned meatus, chordee and abnormal foreskin If any degree of hypospadias is present circumcision is contraindicated 70% are glandular or coronal 10% are penile 20% are scrotal Perineal hypospadias is associated with intersex and anorectal anomalies Management Treatment is required To improve urinary stream To allow sexual intercourse Usually performed between 2 and 4 years of age Glandular hypospadias requires a glandular meatotomy Coronal hypospadias requires a meatal advancement and glanduloplasty (MAGPI operation) Proximal hypospadias without a chordee can be treated by a skin flap advancement If chordee present it should be excised and an island flap urethroplasty performed Complications Complications of hypospadias surgery include: Urethral fistula Urethral stricture Bibliography Soomro N A, Neal D E. Treatment of hypospadias: an update of current practice.

44. Hypospadias hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the penis in which the urethral The incidence and severity of hypospadias has doubled in the United States http://www.drhull.com/EncyMaster/H/hypospadias.html

Help for sleepless parents Encyclopedia Index H hypospadias Search hypospadias Hypospadias is a congenital abnormality of the penis in which the urethral opening is positioned either along the shaft of the penis on its underside or on the scrotum or perineum instead of being located at the tip of the penis. With increasing degrees of severity, the penis is curved downward (referred to as chordee This is a relatively common condition, historically occurring in about 1 per 300 to 500 live male births. The incidence and severity of hypospadias has doubled in the United States over the last 25 years. This increase is believed to stem from environmental pollution with substances (chiefly insecticides) that have either estrogen-like effects or testosterone-blocking effects. Overall, the incidence is now believed to be about 1 in 100 male babies. The less common but more severe forms of hypospadias, in which the urethral opening is located on the penile shaft or in the perineum, may interfere with normal urination in the usual male standing position and may interfere with fertility. These more severe cases are usually corrected early in childhood to avoid social embarrassment and psychologic trauma. The ideal age for repair is before the age of 18 months. Routine newborn circumcision should be avoided

45. Hypospadias If the hypospadias is minor and the opening near or immediately below the A friend s husband has mild hypospadias. He was a professional football http://www.naturalchildbirth.org/natural/resources/newborn/newborn08.htm

Hypospadias If the hypospadias is minor and the opening near or immediately below the glans such that urination is essentially normal, there is little reason to subject the child to surgical correction. Many urologists today recommend not intervening in such cases, especially at such a young age. To repair this condition requires taking skin tissue from the penile shaft. Presumably, this child was NOT circumcised. Essentially the child will be circumcised in the procedure. In many cases, the extent of surgery can result in restriction and discomfort during erection. -James E. Peron, MS, Ed.D. A friend's husband has mild hypospadias. He was a professional football player, so evidently was not humiliated out of locker rooms. He is a wonderful loving husband, she is now menopausal and they report a comfortable satisfactory sexual life with no need for lubricants or unusual forms of stimulation. This would not be possible if he had been circumcised or if his preputial nerves had been severed to "correct" a hypospadias. Parents and nurses and doctors can easily open their mouths and hearts and explain differences so that children can protect themselves from any verbal insults, far more easily than infants and children can endure terrible pain

46. Hypospadias - Kieran Jefferson after correction of curvature provides the most practical classification ofhypospadias. The glanular and coronal types constitute anterior hypospadias, http://www.bui.ac.uk/Tutorials/hypospadias.htm

Hypospadias Kieran Jefferson Definition and classification Embryology Surgery Epispadias ... Micropenis Definition: Association of 1. Abnormal ventral meatal opening 2. Ventral penile curvature (chordee) 3. 'Hooded' prepuce Classification: Browne (1936) Barcat (1973) - post-orthoplasty position The location of the meatus after correction of curvature provides the most practical classification of hypospadias. The glanular and coronal types constitute anterior hypospadias, which accounts for 50% of all cases. The distal penile midshaft and proximal penile types account for 30% of cases. Penoscrotal, scrotal and perineal types make up the 20% that are classified as posterior (from Duckett, JW (1992) Successful hypospadias repair. Contemporary Urology Embryology Formation of the genital tubercle and lateral genital folds (indifferent) occurs during 6/40. DHT dependent elongation of the phallus and urethral groove forms between lateral folds (during 10/40), and the epithelial lining of the groove forms the urethral plate. The folds then coalesce in the midline (during 12/40), forming the urethra proximal to the glans. The glanular urethra results from canalisation of the solid cord of epithelial cells. Hypospadias results when fusion is incomplete. However, pathogenesis of the chordee is disputed, it may be due to fibrous tethering or differential growth.

47. Hypospadias This birth defect affects roughly one in ten boys where the opening of the urethrais not a the tip of the penis. http://menshealth.about.com/cs/menonly/a/hypospadias.htm

var zLb=3; zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zfs=0;zCMt='a07' About Men's Health Penis health Hypospadias Men's Health Essentials Top Picks 4 secrets to a flat stomach ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Men's Health newsletter! See Online Courses Search Men's Health Stay up to date! Compare Prices Email to a friend ... Print this page also on Men's Health penis enlargement jock itch healthy sperm Recent Discussions Antidepressants and anogasmia Male opinion Piece of Mind Most Popular Penis Size Gallery Four Secrets to a Flat Stomach penis exercises and penis size ... Penis enlargement What's Hot Bladder Tumors Genital Warts HPV what's in a cigarette? Varicose veins adunitCM(150,100,'x55') Hypospadias From Jerry Kennard Your Guide to Men's Health FREE Newsletter. Sign Up Now! a male birth defect in every 100 births Hypospadias is a male birth defect where the opening of the urinary tract, the urethra, is not located at the tip of the penis but opens part way up. Affecting approximately 1 in every 100 male births with varying degrees of severity, it is 20 per cent more likely to happen where another close family member has experienced the same defect. Treatment Hypospadias is corrected surgically under a general anesthetic, the type of surgery depending on the severity of the condition. Because boys stand to urinate it is important that the urinary stream is easily controllable, lack of control due to hypospadias can lead to acute social embarrassment. This is one of the reasons that it is ideally treated in infancy, preferably between the ages of 8 to 18 months of age. Another reason is that psychological trauma is minimized. Small children are usually good healers and the parents can be shown the wound care that will be required post operatively. Click

48. Hypospadias hypospadias is a birth defect that affects about 1 in every 100 male births. http://menshealth.about.com/library/glossary/bldef-hypospadias.htm

zJs=10 zJs=11 zJs=12 zJs=13 zc(5,'jsc',zJs,9999999,'') zfs=0;zCMt='a07' About Men's Health Men's Health Essentials ... Help zau(256,140,140,'el','http://z.about.com/0/ip/417/C.htm','');w(xb+xb+' ');zau(256,140,140,'von','http://z.about.com/0/ip/496/6.htm','');w(xb+xb); FREE Newsletter Sign Up Now for the Men's Health newsletter! See Online Courses Search Men's Health Hypospadias Back to Last Page Full Glossary Definition: Hypospadias is a male birth defect where the opening of the urinary tract, the urethra, is not located at the tip of the penis but opens part way up. Affecting approximately 1 in every 100 male births with varying degrees of severity, it is 20 per cent more likely to happen where another close family member has experienced the same defect. Related Resources: Hypospadias A feature examining the condition, treatments and possible side effects. With additional links Elsewhere on the Web: Hypospadias Support Support group for parents and people with hypospadias. Back to Last Page Full Glossary From Jerry Kennard Your Guide to Men's Health FREE Newsletter.

49. ISHID - International Society On Hypospadias And Intersex Disorders International Society on hypospadias and Intersex Disorders World Congress onhypospadias and Intersex Disorders 1719 November 2005 Istanbul http://www.ishid.org/

I S H I D International Society on Hypospadias and Intersex Disorders World Congress on Hypospadias and Intersex Disorders ... Istanbul Convenor: Seref Etker, MD ISHID Vice-President E-mail serefe@superonline.com Fax. Address POB 99 Kiziltoprak TR-34725, Istanbul, Turkey Site Counter Home Congress Contact

50. Pediatric Urology - Hypospadias - UrologyChannel hypospadias is a birth defect found in boys in which the urinary tract openingis not at the tip of the penis. This problem is often associated with bending http://www.urologychannel.com/pediatric/hypospadias.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Physician Board PEDIATRIC UROLOGY Overview Antenatal Hydronephrosis Hypospadias Nocturnal Enuresis Undescended Testicle Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Vesicoureteral Reflux Find a Urologist CONDITIONS Adrenal Cancer Bladder Cancer Bladder Control Problems BPH/Enlarged Prostate Emergencies Erectile Dysfunction Female Sexual Dysfunction Hematuria Incontinence Interstitial Cystitis Kidney Cancer ... Testosterone Deficiency Upper Tract Tumors Urethral Cancer Urinary Tract Infection Varicocele Vasectomy DIAGNOSTIC TESTS CT Scan Cystoscopy MRI Scan TRUS/ Prostate Biopsy RESOURCES Anatomy Clinical Trials Education Glossary ... What Is a Urologist? Videos FOR DOCTORS ONLY Website Services Get Listed in MDLocator CME ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Testimonials Link to urologychannel Urologkanalen (Swedish) ... email this Overview Hypospadias is a condition that is present at birth (congenital) in which the opening of the tube that carries urine and, in males, semen from the body (the urethra) is located below the normal location. This is caused by incomplete development of the urethra in utero between 8 and 20 weeks of gestation. Various degrees of hypospadias result in an opening located anywhere along the length of the urethra. Degrees of hypospadias are classified according to location, including anterior (50% of cases), middle (20% of cases), and posterior (30% of cases). Hypospadias may also cause a curvature of the penis (

51. ► Hypospadias A medical encycopedia article on the topic hypospadias. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/001286.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Z Maryland Medical Center Programs UM Hospital for Children Home Medical Reference Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Hypospadias Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: Hypospadias is a relatively common abnormality in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, rather than at the end, of the penis Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Hypospadias is a congenital defect that affects up to 3 in 1,000 newborn boys. The condition varies in severity. In most cases, the opening of the urethra is located near the tip of the penis on the glans. More severe forms of hypospadias occur when the opening is at the midshaft or the base of the penis.Occasionally the opening is located in the scrotum or the perineum (beneath the scrotum). This anomaly is often associated with chordee, a tight fibrous band that results in a downward curvature of the penis seen with erection. (Erections are common with infant boys.) Some cases are inherited; others result from unknown causes.

52. Hypospadias Repair hypospadias Repair. main menu. Slide 1 Slide 2 Slide 3 slide 4 Next Slide.Normal Anatomy hypospadias Repair http://www.umm.edu/surgeries/hypospadiasrepair_1.html

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Maryland Medical Center Programs Department of Surgery Home Medical Reference Surgeries and Procedures Hypospadias Repair Normal Anatomy - Hypospadias Repair The normal male urethral opening is at the tip or end of the penis. The information provided herein should not be used for diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. It is provided for your general information and is not a substitute for medical care or supervised medical treatment. A licensed physician should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. adam.com is a founding member of Hi-Ethics http://www.hiethics.com . adam.com also subscribes to the HONcode principles of the Health On the Net Foundation http://www.hon.ch and is a member of the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (URAC) Health Web Site Advisory Committee http://www.urac.org

53. HYPOSPADIAS: Contact A Family - For Families With Disabled Children: Information Contact a Family is a UK charity for families with disabled children. We offerinformation on specific conditions and rare disorders. http://www.cafamily.org.uk/Direct/h60.html

printer friendly HYPOSPADIAS home how we can help medical information index of conditions ... how you can help Did you find this page helpful? yes no In Hypospadias, the urethral opening, normally situated at the tip of the glans penis, is located somewhere on the under side of the penis, in mild cases on the glans itself and in more severe cases at some point along the penile shaft. The foreskin is also almost always affected, being imperfectly formed beneath, and this deformity may be more obvious than the hypospadias itself In a proportion of cases, there is also a downward bend on the shaft of the penis (chordee) which becomes exaggerated during penile erections and as a general rule the more severe the hypospadias the greater the chance of significant chordee. The position of the urethral opening may result in a downwardly deflected urinary stream, a problem for boys once they are toilet trained, while chordee may cause difficulties with sexual intercourse during adult life. Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital deformities, affecting approximately one in two hundred new born boys. Except in a small number of cases where there is a positive family history, the cause is unknown. In the most severe cases, which are fortunately rare, the gender of the child may not be certain in which event further investigation will be required.

54. Hypospadias And Epispadias CHC Wausau Hospital s Medical Library and Patient Education Center providesresearch services and healthcare information to physicians, http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00052370.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Hypospadias and epispadias Definition Misplaced urinary openings are called hypospadias if they are below, and epispadias if they are above, the normal location. Description In the male, the opening to the urinary tract is normally at the tip of the penis. In the female, it is between the clitoris and the vagina. Once in about 300 male infants is born with hypospadias, and one in 100,000 is born with epispadias. In females, the incidence of these defects is much less, about one in 500,000. Epispadias is associated with bladder abnormalities, and hypospadias with intersex problemsthat is, babies whose sex is not obvious at birth because of related deformities of the sex organs. In the growing embryo, there is a lot of folding going on. The folds enclose organs and seal their edges to form body cavities. It resembles sewing a pipe into a pillow. Many birth defects are caused by failure of the folding process. Incomplete sealing of the edges leaves the organs open to the outside. Small degrees of incompletion leave openings to these organs in the wrong place. Epispadias is a lesser degree of exstrophy of the bladder, wherein the front wall of the bladder does not close. The result is a bladder that is turned inside out and is extruding through the lower abdominal wall. The urethra often remains open in a similar way, all the way down through the front of the pelvis and into the genital area. In this case, the front of the pelvis is widely separated as well.

55. Pediatrics In Review -- Sign In Page Delineate when boys who have hypospadias should undergo surgical correction. hypospadias refers to incomplete urethral development that results in a http://pedsinreview.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/25/2/63

HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... SEARCH QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription. If you have an individual print subscription to Pediatrics in Review , online access is included. Full Text Consultation with the Specialist: Hypospadias Snodgrass Pediatrics in Review. This Article Full Text (PDF) Author Disclosures Rapid Responses: Submit a response ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services E-mail this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Snodgrass, W. T. Related Collections Fetus and Newborn Infant To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In: Please use your AAP ID Number or Temporary Activation Code for your User Name. User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 2 days for US$12.00

56. Hypospadias - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia A distal hypospadias may be suspected even in an uncircumcised boy from an abnormally hypospadias are among the most common birth defects of the male http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypospadias

You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21 day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Hypospadias From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hypospadias is a birth defect of the urethra in the male that involves an abnormally placed urethral meatus (opening). Instead of opening at the tip of the glans of the penis , a hypospadic urethra opens anywhere along a line (the urethral groove ) running from the tip along the underside (ventral aspect) of the shaft to the junction of the penis and scrotum or perineum . A distal hypospadias may be suspected even in an uncircumcised boy from an abnormally formed foreskin and downward tilt of the glans. The urethral meatus opens on the glans penis in about 50-75%; these are categorized as first degree hypospadias. Second degree (when the urethra opens on the shaft), and third degree (when the urethra opens on the perineum, as in females) occur in up to 20 and 30% of cases respectively. The more severe degrees are more likely to be associated with chordee , in which the phallus is incompletely separated from the perineum or is still tethered downwards by connective tissue, or with undescended testes ( cryptorchidism Contents Incidence Causes Treatment Associated birth defects ... edit Incidence Hypospadias are among the most common birth defects of the male genitalia (second to cryptorchidism ), but widely varying incidences have been reported from different countries, from as low as 1 in 4000 to as high as 1 in 250 boys.

57. Pseudovaginal Perineoscrotal Hypospadias - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias (PPSH) refers to a configuration of theexternal genitalia of an infant. In a sense, this configuration is roughly http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudovaginal_perineoscrotal_hypospadias

You did it! Over US$240,000 was donated in the 21 day fund drive. Thank you for your generosity! You are still welcome to make a donation or purchase Wikimedia merchandise Pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias (PPSH) refers to a configuration of the external genitalia of an infant. In a sense, this configuration is roughly midway between normal male genitalia and normal female genitalia in structure and appearance. It is a relatively common form of genital ambiguity caused by under virilization of genetic males due to several different intersex conditions. PPSH usually consists of: a phallus midway in size between penis and clitoris a chordee tethering it to the perineum a urethral opening usually on the perineum (the hypospadias and an incompletely closed urogenital opening, which resembles a small and shallow vagina Testes are often palpable in the scrotum or inguinal canals , and the karyotype is XY. In most cases there are no internal female structures such as a uterus or other mullerian duct derivatives.

58. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hypospadias Repair hypospadias repair is surgery to correct a birth defect in boys called Surgical repair of hypospadias is done while the child is unconscious and http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003000.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Hypospadias repair Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Description Indications ... Convalescence Illustrations Hypospadius Definition Return to top Hypospadias repair is surgery to correct a birth defect in boys called hypospadias. This is a condition in which the urethra does not properly exit the penis at the tip. Hypospadias can be a mild defect with the urethral opening slightly out of place, near the tip of the penis or a severe one with the urethral opening closer to the scrotum. Hypospadias is also frequently associated with a shortening or downward bending of the penis and malformation of the foreskin. Description Return to top Surgical repair of hypospadias is done while the child is unconscious and pain-free under general anesthesia. The type of repair depends on the severity of the defect. Mild defects may be repaired in a single procedure, while severe defects may require 2 or more procedures. A small piece of foreskin or tissue from another site can be used to create a tube to extend the urethral length to allow placement of the urethral opening at the tip of the penis.

59. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Hypospadias hypospadias is a relatively common abnormality in which the opening of the hypospadias is a congenital defect that affects up to 3 in 1000 newborn boys. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001286.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Hypospadias Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Calling your health care provider Illustrations Male reproductive system Definition Return to top Hypospadias is a relatively common abnormality in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, rather than at the end, of the penis. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Hypospadias is a congenital defect that affects up to 3 in 1,000 newborn boys. The condition varies in severity. In most cases, the opening of the urethra is located near the tip of the penis on the glans. More severe forms of hypospadias occur when the opening is at the midshaft or the base of the penis. Occasionally, the opening is located in the scrotum or the perineum (behind the scrotum). This anomaly is often associated with chordee, a downward curvature of the penis during erection. (Erections are common with infant boys.) Some cases are inherited others result from unknown causes.

60. Hypospadias Epispadias, which is less common than hypospadias, may also be seen in In contrast to hypospadias, with epispadias, the urethral opening in a male is http://ymghealthinfo.org/content.asp?page=P03087

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