41. Hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism (follows accidental removal or damage to parathyroid glands Genetics Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism may have a genetic component http://www.5mcc.com/Assets/SUMMARY/TP0463.html

Hypoparathyroidism DESCRIPTION: Deficiency of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from disease, injury or congenital malfunction of the parathyroid glands. Manifested as hypocalcemia producing neuromuscular symptoms ranging from paresthesia to tetany. Classifications: Hypoparathyroidism (follows accidental removal or damage to parathyroid glands during surgery; may be transient or permanent) Idiopathic (parathyroids absent or atrophied) Pseudohypoparathyroidism (no PTH deficiency, but target organs do not respond to its action) System(s) affected: Endocrine/Metabolic, Nervous, Musculoskeletal Genetics: Idiopathic hypoparathyroidism may have a genetic component Incidence/Prevalence in USA: All forms are rare Predominant age: All ages Predominant sex: Male = Female CAUSES: Idiopathic DiGeorge syndrome Congenital absence Late onset, autoimmune Postsurgical (may be transient) Infiltrative - metastatic carcinoma and others Irradiation Hypomagnesemia Alcohol Synonyms: Parathyroid tetany ICD-9-CM: 252.1 Hypoparathyroidism REFERENCES: Obermayer-Straub P, et al: Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes. Bailliere's Clin Gastroenterol 1998;12(2):293-315

42. Hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism, or under functioning of the parathyroid glands, For a few individuals, hypoparathyroidism presents itself at a young age from an http://www.columbiasurgery.org/pat/endo/para_hypo.html

Parathyroid Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Symptoms Hypoparathyroidism results in low blood calcium occurring immediately following parathyroid or thyroid surgery or more chronically in the case of spontaneous hypoparathyroidism. Clinical symptoms include: Tingling of the fingertips, lips or feet Muscle cramps or numbness Dysarthria (slurred speech) Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) Carpopedal spasm (contractions of the hands or feet) Convulsions Laryngeal edema (excess of fluid in the larynx) and stridor (harsh vibrating sound during air passage through the larynx) Mental changes Cataracts Diagnosis Diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism is made based on physical examination findings and confirmed by laboratory tests indicating decreased blood calcium levels. PTH levels in chronically low states or suspected postoperative hypoparathyroidism are helpful in both diagnosing the condition and determining the need for ongoing therapy. Treatment The treatment options for this disorder include: Oral or intravenous calcium supplementation Oral Vitamin D preparations PTH (parathyroid hormone) replacement Contact Us About Us Ways to Give Site Map ... Find a Physician

43. Hypoparthyroidism hypoparathyroidism affects both males and females of all ages. hypoparathyroidism is a rare disorder associated with insufficient production of http://endocrine-disorders.health-cares.net/hypoparathyroidism.php

44. Causes Of Hypoparathyroidism Causes of hypoparathyroidism include accidental removal of a parathyroid gland when the thyroid is removed. http://endocrine-disorders.health-cares.net/hypoparathyroidism-causes.php

45. Hypoparathyroidism - Lucile Packard Children's Hospital hypoparathyroidism is caused by underactive parathyroid glands. Causes of hypoparathyroidism include accidental removal of a parathyroid gland when the http://www.lpch.org/DiseaseHealthInfo/HealthLibrary/diabetes/hptsm.html

Diabetes Clinic Endocrinology Endocrinologists Hypoparathyroidism What is hypoparathyroidism? Hypoparathyroidism is caused by underactive parathyroid glands. Underactive parathyroid glands produce too little parathyroid hormones, which, in turn, causes low levels of calcium in the blood stream. The low levels of calcium lead to tetany, an increased excitability of the nerves. What causes hypoparathyroidism? Causes of hypoparathyroidism include accidental removal of a parathyroid gland when the thyroid is removed, or when part of the parathyroid tissue is removed during surgery. Other causes include absent parathyroid glands from birth or the sudden stop of functioning due to unknown reasons (idiopathic). It is often associated with cardiac defects, such as DiGeorge. What are the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism? The following are the most common symptoms of hypoparathyroidism. However, each child may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: uncontrollable, painful spasms of the face, hands, arms, and feet

46. Rural Nurse Organization Clinic Digital Library hypoparathyroidism Sensorineural Deafness and Renal Dysplasia Access document. hypoparathyroidismRetardation-Dysmorphism Syndrome; HRD Access document http://ruralnurseorganization-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/endocrinology/parathyroid/

Clinical Resources by Topic: Endocrinology Hypoparathyroidism Clinical Resources Emergency Pediatrics Geriatrics Radiology ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Parathyroid Evaluation Clinical Resources Hypocalcemia Clinical Resources General Endocrinology Clinical Resources Hypoparathyroidism Patient/Family Resources Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics: Table of contents Hypoparathyroidism: Access document The Merck Manual 17th Ed.-1999: Table of contents Chapter 12: Water, Electrolyte, Mineral, and Acid-Base Metabolism: Table of contents General: Access document Calcium Metabolism: Access document Hypocalcemia: Access document Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery (eMedicine): Table of contents Hypoparathyroidism: Access document Hypocalcemia: Access document Emergency Medicine Resources See also General Emergency Medicine Resources Emergency Medicine (eMedicine): Table of contents Hypoparathyroidism: Access document Pediatrics Resources See also General Pediatrics Resources Pediatrics (eMedicine): Table of contents Hypoparathyroidism: Access document Hypocalcemia: Access document Geriatrics Resources See also General Geriatrics Resources Merck Manual of Geriatrics: Table of contents Chapter 58. Disorders of Mineral Metabolism

47. What Is Hypoparathyroidism? hypoparathyroidism is a condition that develops when the parathyroid In some cases, hypoparathyroidism is a temporary condition that gradually resolves. http://www.thyroid-cancer.net/topics/what is hypoparathyroidism

What is hypoparathyroidism? Topics The Thyroid Thyroid Nodules Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis ... Specialists Search Search this Site Search Medical Literature Search the Web Site Information Site Supporters Who We Are Privacy and Terms Contact Us ... My doctor recommends thyroid surgery for my nodule What is hypoparathyroidism? Hypoparathyroidism is a condition that develops when the parathyroid glands are unable to produce enough of a specific hormone that is needed to maintain the balance of calcium in the body. The parathyroid glands are four tiny pea-shaped glands located in the neck. Two of these glands are situated on each side of the neck, lying just underneath each lobe of the thyroid gland. In the normal state, the parathyroid glands produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone, or PTH for short. This PTH helps to regulate the balance of calcium in the body by acting on the bones and kidneys to maintain the calcium in the bloodstream at a fairly consistent level. During thyroid surgery, extreme care must be taken by the surgeon to avoid accidentally removing or damaging the parathyroid glands. This can be difficult, as they are very small and share a common blood supply with areas of the thyroid gland that may need to be removed.

48. Hypoparathyroidism / Family Village Library The hypoparathyroidism Association is set up to bring patients diagnosed with This list is for discussion of hypoparathyroidism by sufferers, http://www.familyvillage.wisc.edu/lib_hpt.htm

Hypoparathyroidism Who to Contact Where to Go to Chat with Others Learn More About It Web Sites ... Search Google for Hypoparathyroidism Who to Contact The Hypoparathyroidism Association 2835 Salmon Idaho Falls, Idaho 83406 E-mail: hpth@hypoparathyroidism.org Web: http://www.hypoparathyroidism.org The Hypoparathyroidism Association, Inc. is a voluntary, non-profit organization dedicated to improving the lives of people with all forms of Hypoparathyroidism, a rare medical disorder, by maintaining a worldwide network of family support, and promoting public, as well as professional, awareness of this disorder through a quarterly newsletter and our Web Site. The Hypoparathyroidism Association is set up to bring patients diagnosed with Hypoparathyroidism, their families, professional care givers, and other interested parties together for the purposes of 1) sharing common experiences; 2) offering support and comfort; 3) educating others about the disorder and how it affects lives; 4) serving as a support group, both formal and informal; and 5) putting people in touch with people for the foregoing purposes. Where to Go to Chat with Others HPTH This list is for discussion of hypoparathyroidism by sufferers, family members and carers. It can be used to discuss any subject relating to the illness

49. Parathyroid Disease, Parathyroid Glands, Parathyroid Hormone, Thyroid Gland, Hyp body for various reasons, which is considered a form of hypoparathyroidism. usually manages a patient with hypoparathyroidism (which causes too low http://www.pediatric-ent.com/learning/problems/parathyroid.htm

Parathyroid Disease What are the parathyroid glands? The parathyroid glands are two pair (four in total) of glands that secrete parathyroid hormone. The parathyroid gland, like the THYROID GLAND , is part of the endocrine (gland) system. What is parathyroid hormone? Parathyroid hormone is a substance that helps regulate the amount of calcium in the bloodstream. Calcium is needed to make strong bones and teeth. However, a normal calcium level in the bloodstream is also very important for normal function of muscles and nerves. Parathyroid hormone raises the amount of calcium in the bloodstream by removing calcium from bones, by increasing the amount of calcium taken from the diet, and by decreasing the amount of calcium excreted in the urine. Where are the parathyroid glands located? The parathyroid glands are located behind the two lobes of the THYROID GLAND in the neck. What problems can develop with the parathyroid gland?

50. Hypoparathyroidism - Patient UK hypoparathyroidism Patient UK. A directory of UK health, disease, illness and related medical websites that provide patient information. http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/40000942/

PatientPlus articles are written for doctors and so the language can be technical. However, some people find that they add depth to the articles found in the other sections of this website which are written for non-medical people. Hypoparathyroidism This rare condition occurs where there are inadequate or ineffective levels of parathyroid hormone. Causes include: Destruction of parathyroid glands – auto-immune, infiltration (Sarcoid, Wilson's Disease Haemochromatosis , neoplasia) Iatrogenic - surgical (commonest cause), radiotherapy Congenital failure of parathyroid development eg: parathyroid aplasia, DiGeorge syndrome (thymus and parathyroid gland dysgenesis), Familial autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS I). Suppression of PTH secretion – magnesium deficiency (eg secondary to pancreatitis, drugs: aminoglycosides, loop diuretics, cisplatin, amphotericin B), hypermagnesaemia , faulty calcium receptor, direct drug effects (not via hypomagnesemia: aluminium, asparagine, cimetidine, cytosine, doxorubicin, arabinoside) Failure of PTH action – pseudohypoparathyroidism (pseudo-pseudo- hypoparathyroidism has features of pseudohypoparathyroidism, but with normal biochemistry).

51. Hypoparathyroidism - Patient UK hypoparathyroidism. Related pages. PatientPlus. hypoparathyroidism. Other Useful resources. Pictures, diagrams, photos, images, etc. http://www.patient.co.uk/showdoc/884/

Hypoparathyroidism UK sources of information and / or support See our hormone conditions page Sponsored links and adverts Patient UK has no control of the content of the following links. Inclusion does not imply endorsement by Patient UK. Health Related Books From Amazon - browse hundreds of books on health and disease. Also, worth a look... Related pages in Patient UK Patient Plus Hypoparathyroidism Other - Useful resources Pictures, diagrams, photos, images, etc. Evidence based medicine Online textbooks and journals Guidelines ... Top of Page Further services Need an operation but on a waiting list ? Are you considering having it done privately but are not insured? Find the best prices for your operation Next of Kin . In an emergency, alerts paramedics with your vital medical or allergy information. Plus immediate contact with your family or next of kin. Health Insurance . Visit the Patient UK finance channel for quotes on health insurance and other financial products such as mortgages, life insurance, etc. Shopping . Visit the Patient UK Shopping Channel for a range of health and beauty products, gifts, electrical goods, and much more.

52. Hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism may be caused by damage to or removal hypoparathyroidism Short description of hypo and hyper- parathyroidism. http://www.reference.com/Dir/Health/Conditions_and_Diseases/H/Hypoparathyroidism

Dictionary Thesaurus Encyclopedia Web Home Premium: Sign up Login YOUR AD HERE Dictionary ... Encyclopedia - Web Directory Web Directory Top Health Conditions and Diseases H / Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism may be caused by damage to or removal of the parathyroids during thyroidectomy. Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics. Hypoparathyroidism Short description of hypo- and hyper- parathyroidism. Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, Complete Home Medical Guide Help build the largest human-edited directory on the web. Submit a Site Open Directory Project Become an Editor Lexico Publishing Group, LLC ... Contact Us

53. Hypoparathyroidism Definition - Medical Dictionary Definitions Of Popular Medica Online Medical Dictionary and glossary with medical definitions. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=23921

54. Hypoparathyroidism - Wheeless' Textbook Of Orthopaedics most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is inadvertant damage or removal of the congenital hypoparathyroid late onset hypoparathyroidism from other http://www.wheelessonline.com/ortho/hypoparathyroidism

Duke Orthopaedics presents Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics Site Index A - Z Search Site by Word Home Contact Us My Account Hypoparathyroidism - See: Action of Parathyroid Hormone - Discussion: - most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is inadvertant damage or removal of the parathyroids during surgical removal of the thyroid; - in idiopathic cases, look for ectodermal changes, mental retardation, monilial infections, low Ca; pseudohypoparathyroidism is another cause of this disorder; - end organ unresponsiveness to parathyroid hormone; - patients tend to be short and may have short metacarpals (index, ring, little); - Laboratory Findings: - decreased plasma calcium; (see hypo Ca - in the disorder of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, all of the clinical features of pseudoparathyroidism are present, but the serum calcium is normal; - increase in plasma phosphate; (see hyperphosphatemia - increase in renal tubualar reabsorption of phosphate - decrease in the number of bone remodeling centers;

55. Hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism Rarely, hypoparathyroidism is a side effect of radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism. PTH secretion may be impaired when http://www.lifespan.org/ADAM/English/HIE/000385.htm

Careers at Lifespan Volunteer your time Other ways to give Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Hypoparathyroidism Definition Hypoparthyroidism is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone that causes abnormal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Causes Calcium and phosphorus are important body minerals. They form the mineral component of bones, and they exist as charged particles called ions in the blood and inside cells. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in bone and blood. The four small parathyroid glands located in the neck, behind the thyroid, make PTH. Hypoparathyroidism is the clinical condition caused by a lack of PTH. Blood calcium levels fall, and phosphorus levels rise. Low blood calcium levels may cause symptoms such as tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes, and muscle cramps or spasms. The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is injury to the parathyroid glands during head and neck surgery. Rarely, hypoparathyroidism is a side effect of radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism . PTH secretion may be impaired when blood levels of magnesium are low or when blood pH is too high, a condition called metabolic alkalosis.

56. Hypoparathyroidism : Epilepsy.com/Professionals Epilepsy and seizure diagnosis, treatment, and information for Professionals. http://professionals.epilepsy.com/page/metadis_hypoparathyroid.html

Search epilepsy.com/professionals: WHO IS EPILEPSY.COM DONATE PROFESSIONAL FORUM CO-EXISTING DISORDERS ... RESOURCE LIBRARY Hypoparathyroidism Co-Existing Disorders Metabolic Disorders Hypoparathyroidism Author: SC Schachter and MR Lopez Causes The differential diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism includes: idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, in which the parathyroids are absent or atrophied. This condition occurs sporadically or in association with genetic autoimmune syndromes or DiGeorge syndrome (2) pseudohypoparathyroidism, in which bone and kidney tissue are unresponsive to parathyroid hormone (PTH) (3) damage or accidental removal of parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy. Transient hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia from subtotal thyroidectomy are common, but permanent hypoparathyroidism is a rare complication of thyroid surgery. Clinical presentation Seizures occur in up to 70% of patients with symptomatic hypoparathyroidism. Parkinsonism, dystonia, hemiballismus, choreoathetosis, and oculogyric crises occur in 5–10% of patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, but are less common in patients with surgical hypoparathyroidism or other causes of hypocalcemia.

57. Hypoparathyroidism hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormones by http://webcenter.health.webmd.netscape.com/hw/hormonal_disorders/nord703.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center XML News via RSS Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Health Tools Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map Health Topics Symptoms ... For a Complete Report Hypoparathyroidism Important It is possible that the main title of the report Hypoparathyroidism is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Parathyroid, Underactivity of Tetany Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Resources Thyroid Foundation of America, Inc. 410 Stuart Street Boston, MA 02116 USA Tel: 6175341500 Fax: 6175341515 Tel: 8008328321 Email: info@allthyroid.org Internet: http://www.allthyroid.org Hypoparathyroidism Association, Inc. 2835 Salmon Street Idaho Falls, ID 83406 Tel: (208)524-3857 Fax: (208)524-2619 Email: hpth@hypoparathyroidism.org, hpth@cableone.net Internet: http://www.hypoparathyroidism.org

58. Hypoparathyroidism - Alegent Health Serving Eastern Nebraska And Southwest Iowa hypoparathyroidism courtesy of Alegent Health serving eastern Nebraska and southwest Iowa - Council Bluffs, Iowa - Corning, Iowa - Missouri Valley, http://www.alegent.com/12637.cfm

@import url(default.css); Back to Health Library Print This Page Email to a Friend Endocrine glands Hypoparathyroidism Definition: Hypoparthyroidism is a deficiency of parathyroid hormone that causes abnormal metabolism of calcium and phosphorus. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Calcium and phosphorus are important body minerals. They form the mineral component of bones, and they exist as charged particles called ions in the blood and inside cells. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates the amount of calcium and phosphorus in bone and blood. The four small parathyroid glands located in the neck, behind the thyroid, make PTH. Hypoparathyroidism is the clinical condition caused by a lack of PTH. Blood calcium levels fall, and phosphorus levels rise. Low blood calcium levels may cause symptoms such as tingling of the lips, fingers, and toes, and muscle cramps or spasms. The most common cause of hypoparathyroidism is injury to the parathyroid glands during head and neck surgery. Rarely, hypoparathyroidism is a side effect of radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroidism . PTH secretion may be impaired when blood levels of magnesium are low or when blood pH is too high, a condition called metabolic alkalosis.

59. Hypoparathyroidism National network. Founded 1994. Dedicated to improving the lives of people with all forms of hypoparathyroidism, http://my.webmd.com/hw/kidney_failure/shc29hyt.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center XML News via RSS Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Health Tools Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in All Conditions ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Bipolar Disorder Breast Cancer Cancer Cholesterol Management Dental Depression Diabetes Epilepsy Eye Health Heart Disease Hepatitis HIV/AIDS Hypertension Men's Conditions Mental Health Migraines/Headaches Multiple Sclerosis Osteoporosis Parkinson's Sexual Conditions Stroke Weight Control Women's Conditions Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... Hypoparathyroidism Association Inc. Hypoparathyroidism Hypoparathyroidism Association Inc. National network. Founded 1994. Dedicated to improving the lives of people with all forms of hypoparathyroidism, a rare medical disorder. Maintains a worldwide network of families for support. Promotes awareness of this disorder through quarterly newsletter. Online newsletter, member gallery. WRITE: Hypoparathyroidism Assn., Inc.

60. Clinical Trial: Treatment Of Hypoparathyroidism With Synthetic Human Parathyroid The conventional treatment for hypoparathyroidism, is associated with chronic increased levels The therapeutic approach to hypoparathyroidism. Am J Med. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/gui/show/NCT00001304

Home Search Browse Resources ... About Treatment of Hypoparathyroidism with Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 This study is currently recruiting patients. Verified by National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) November 2, 2004 Sponsored by: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Information provided by: National Institutes of Health Clinical Center (CC) ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: Purpose The conventional treatment for hypoparathyroidism, is associated with chronic increased levels of calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria) due to the kidney's inability to retain calcium. This side effect usually occurs even while maintaining the level of calcium in the blood at a normal range. As a result the kidneys may become damaged due to calcium deposits (nephrocalcinosis) and work ineffectively (renal insufficiency). This study will compare the long term effects of twice-daily injections of parathyroid hormone (PTH) with twice-daily doses of oral calcitriol in patients with hypoparathyroidism. Researchers believe, based on previous studies, that injections of PTH will provide better control of hypoparathyroidism. In addition, PTH appears to avoid the side effects typically associated with conventional therapy for hypoparathyroidism.

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