81. Hyperparathyroidism hyperparathyroidism is excessive production of by the parathyroid glands. http://www.lifespan.org/ADAM/English/HIE/001215.htm

Careers at Lifespan Volunteer your time Other ways to give Lifespan's A - Z Health Information Library Injury Disease Nutrition Poison ... Prevention Hyperparathyroidism Definition Hyperparathyroidism is excessive production of parathyroid hormone by the parathyroid glands. Causes The parathyroid glands are located at the front and base of the neck around the thyroid gland. They produce parathyroid hormone , which regulates calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium levels within the blood and bone. When calcium levels are too low, the body responds by increasing production of parathyroid hormone. This increase in parathyroid hormone causes more calcium to be taken from the bone and more calcium to be reabsorbed by the intestines and kidney. When the calcium level returns to normal, parathyroid hormone production slows down. Excess parathyroid hormone can be produced for a variety of reasons. In some cases, parathyroid hormone is produced without regard to the calcium levels. This is called "primary hyperparathyroidism" and is caused by enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands. It is a common disorder affecting about 1 in 1,000 people. The high levels of calcium and parathyroid hormone affect several body systems, including the skeletal, gastrointestinal, renal , muscular, and central nervous system "Secondary hyperparathyroidism" is when the body produces extra parathyroid hormone because the calcium levels are too low. This is seen when vitamin D levels are low or when calcium is not absorbed from the intestines. Correcting the calcium level and the underlying problem will bring the parathyroid levels in the normal range.

82. Zemplar - What Is Secondary Hyperparathyroidism? @Learn more about Secondary hyperparathyroidism and its relationship to active vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus.@ http://zemplar.com/about_shpt.html

Site Updates Feedback News Site Map ... Learn More What is Secondary Hyperparathyroidism? Secondary hyperparathyroidism is the build-up of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in people with chronic kidney failure. Secondary hyperparathyroidism results from vitamin D deficiency and mineral imbalances that can begin to develop early on in chronic kidney disease. Over time, too little calcium, too much phosphorus, and too little active vitamin D can lead to too much parathyroid hormone (PTH) or a condition known as "secondary hyperparathyroidism." Too much PTH or secondary hyperparathyroidism can be harmful to the body and can lead to: Bone pain and nerve problems Itching Weak or brittle bones Calcium build-up Skin breakdown Resistance to therapy Next Terms and Conditions Contact Us This website and the information contained herein are intended for use by U.S. residents only, are provided for informational purposes only and are not intended to replace a discussion with a healthcare provider. All decisions regarding patient care must be made with a healthcare provider and must consider the unique characteristics of each patient.

83. American Family Physician: Hyperparathyroidism Full text of the article, hyperparathyroidism from American Family Physician, a publication in the field of Health Fitness, is provided free of charge http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_2_69/ai_112178790

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports 10,000,000 articles - not found on any other search engine. FindArticles American Family Physician Jan 15, 2004 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for AAACN Viewpoint ABNF Journal, The AIDS Treatment News AMAA Journal ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Hyperparathyroidism American Family Physician Jan 15, 2004 by Edna D. Taniegra Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Primary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the outpatient setting. (1) Most persons with this condition are asymptomatic. However, recognition of primary hyperparathyroidism has increased dramatically since the introduction of multichannel autoanalyzers in the 1970s. (2) The disorder can occur in persons of any age but is more common in persons older than 50 years. (1) In the United States, its estimated incidence in persons older than 65 years is one case per 1,000 in men and two to three cases per 1,000 in women. (1,3) Classic primary hyperparathyroidism with overt complications of osteitis fibrosa cystica, nephrolithiasis, and nephrocalcinosis is rare. (1,2) Primary hyperparathyroidism usually is easily distinguishable from malignancy, which is the second most common cause of hypercalcemia. Laboratory measurements of the mediators of calcium metabolism are reliable and facilitate determination of etiologic factors in almost all patients with hypercalcemia. (1)

84. Hyperparathyroidism Complete online version of The Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging including text and images from The Encyclopaedia of Medical Imaging s eight book volumes http://www.amershamhealth.com/medcyclopaedia/medical/Volume III 1/HYPERPARATHYRO

financial services our commitment our company Search Medcyclopaedia for: Search marked text (mark text before you click) Browse entry words starting with: A B C D ... amershamhealth.com Hyperparathyroidism, a condition in which increased levels of parathyroid hormone are found in the blood. Three types are recognized: primary, secondary and tertiary. In the primary form increased parathyroid hormone secretion occurs as a result of abnormality in one or more of the parathyroid glands, usually owing to the presence of adenoma or carcinoma. In this form the fundamental biochemical finding is persistent hypercalcaemia . The secondary form is associated with abnormalities of parathyroid gland function induced by a sustained hypocalcaemic stimulus, often resulting from chronic renal failure or malabsorption states. In this variety, renal abnormality is associated with additional soft tissue and skeletal changes, and the entire complex is termed renal osteodystrophy . Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is found in patients with chronic renal failure or malabsorption and secondary hyperparathyroidism of long duration who develop relatively autonomous parathyroid function and hypercalcaemia. The clinical features of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism differ in some respects (Table 1). Hyperparathyroidism, Table 1. Primary versus secondary hyperparathyroidism.

85. Hyperparathyroidism In Cats hyperparathyroidism causes an imbalance in the blood calcium and phosphorous levels in cats. http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?articleid=298

86. THE MERCK MANUAL--SECOND HOME EDITION, Calcium In Ch. 155, Minerals And Electrol Hypercalcemia is commonly caused by hyperparathyroidism (the excessive People with hyperparathyroidism have too much calcium and a normal or low level http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec12/ch155/ch155b.html

var externalLinkWarning = "The link you have selected will take you to a site outside Merck and The Merck Manuals.*n*nThe Merck Manuals do not review or control the content of any non-Merck site. The Merck Manuals do not endorse and are not responsible for the accuracy, content, practices, or standards of any non-Merck sources."; Search The Second Home Edition , Online Version Search Index A B C D ... Z Sections Accidents and Injuries Blood Disorders Bone, Joint, and Muscle Disorders Brain, Spinal Cord, and Nerve Disorders ... Women's Health Issues Resources Anatomical Drawings Multimedia Pronunciations Weights and Measures ... , Online Version Section Disorders of Nutrition and Metabolism Chapter Minerals and Electrolytes Topics Introduction Calcium Copper Fluoride Iodine Iron ... Zinc Calcium Buy The Book Print This Topic Email This Topic Pronunciations adenoma calcitonin corticosteroid dialysis ... pseudohypoparathyroidism Most of the body's calcium is stored in the bones, but calcium is also found in cells (particularly muscle cells) and in the blood. Calcium is essential to muscle contraction and to the normal functioning of many enzymes. It is necessary for the formation of bone and teeth, for blood clotting, and for normal heart rhythm. The body precisely controls the amount of calcium in the cells and the blood. Maintaining a normal level of calcium in the blood depends on consuming at least 1,000 to 1,500 milligrams of calcium a day and excreting excess calcium in urine. Calcium moves out of the bones into the bloodstream as needed to maintain a steady level of calcium in the blood. However, mobilizing too much calcium from the bones weakens them and can lead to osteoporosis.

87. UW MSK Resident Projects : Hyperparathyroidism hyperparathyroidism is the abnormal secretion of parathyroid hormone. Often this is from prolonged secondary hyperparathyroidism from renal failure. http://uwmsk.org:8080/residentprojects/stories/storyReader$138

UW MSK Resident Projects University of Washington, UWMC Roosevelt Clinic, Musculoskeletal Radiology Home About Membership Join Now Login Hyperparathyroidism Print-friendly version of this page Posted by Adam Myhre , 1/20/04 at 8:49:38 AM. What is it? Parathyroid hormone is the main hormone that maintains a balance of calcium and phosphate in our bodies. When released, parathyroid hormone increases the release of calcium from the bone, reabsorption from the kidney, and secondarily stimulates absorption of calcium from the intestines. It also stimulates secretion of phosphate in the kidney. Hyperparathyroidism is the abnormal secretion of parathyroid hormone. Clinical findings: The classic medical school clinical findings are "Stones, Bones, abdominal moans, and psychiatric overtones," referring to renal calculi, bone pain, peptic ulcers, pancreatitis, and CNS symptoms (confusion lethargy, weakness). Depending on the etiology, the serum calcium may be elevated and phosphate may be decreased. Etiology: Primary Hyperparathyroidism Excessive parathyroid hormone due to a parathyroid gland abnormality 80% parathyroid adenoma parathyroid hyperplasia (rarely from Multiple endocrine neoplasia) parathyroid carcinoma Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Excessive parathyroid hormone due to an abnormality elsewhere in the body.

88. Tc-99m Sestamibi Scintigraphy In Primary Hyperparathyroidism Primary hyperparathyroidism is a relatively common disease, occurring in about one Most cases (8085%) of primary hyperparathyroidism are the result of http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/TF96_97/Oct1/WriteUp.html

Joint Program in Nuclear Medicine Tc-99m Sestamibi Scintigraphy in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Chandra Dass, MD J. Anthony Parker, MD PhD October 1, 1996 Presentation A 35 year old female presented with renal stones, and was found to have hypercalcemia and elevated parathormone. A diagnosis of primary hyperthyroidism was made. Ultrasound was negative and bilateral neck exploration documented normal appearing glands and no parathyroid adenoma. Imaging Findings Sestamibi scintiscan was positive for ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the superior mediastinum on the left side. Planar images at 20 minutes (top) and 2 hours (bottom) show a persistent focus of increased uptake in the mediastinum ( shown by black arrow ; thyroid is seen on 20 minute images, black arrow heads, but not on the 2 hour image; marker images on the right shows the sternal notch and 10 cm above the sternal notch, white arrows; left arm vein uptake is the route of injection, white arrow heads). SPECT images (transverse, coronal, and sagital) show the location of the lesion ( shown by arrows A subsequent CT of the chest revealed a nodule ( shown by arrow ) in the aortico-pulmonary window.

89. Hyperparathyroidism hyperparathyroidism an Australian gateway providing horse related Web material. hyperparathyroidism; horses; feeding; animal nutrition; Australia; http://vetgate.ac.uk/browse/cabi/dc3991d46ccdac1dc2d50c680ddc894a.html

low graphics hyperparathyroidism other: hormones Mitavite newsletter : big head or bran disease This document is written by Dr J H Stewart Bsc BVSc PhD MRCVS, an equine veterinarian and nutritionist who is employed by the Australian Feed Company as a resident consultant in Equine Nutrition. Big head or bran disease occurs in horses when they have a high phosphorus diet and graze in pastures which contain tropical and subtropical grasses. This document discusses the stages in the development of big head, clinical signs, treatment and prevention, pastures and lime, and supplementation. Horse feed products manufactured by the Australian Feed Company are briefly mentioned in this document. This site is hosted by "Cyberhorse" an Australian gateway providing horse related Web material. hyperparathyroidism horses feeding animal nutrition ... Australia Last modified: 02 Sep 2005

90. IKidney - What Is Secondary Hyperparathyroidism? What is Secondary hyperparathyroidism? (Part 1) By Maria Karalis, MBA, RD, LD. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a potentially devastating condition that http://www.ikidney.com/iKidney/Lifestyles/NutritionalTips/LivingWell/WhatisSecon

Sign Up For Your Club i K i dney e-Newsletter Friday, September 09, 2005 Printer Friendly Page What is Secondary Hyperparathyroidism? (Part 1) By Maria Karalis, MBA, RD, LD Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a potentially devastating condition that affects nearly 125,000 dialysis patients each year. This condition results from decreased kidney function that leads to abnormal parathyroid gland (PT) activity. The role of the parathyroid glands The PT glands are located in the neck. Most people have two pairs of glands, but can have as many as eight. Normal PT glands are bean-shaped and each is about the size of an aspirin. These glands help to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. Calcium and phosphorous Calcium and phosphorus are stored in bone, teeth and blood and help regulate many essential bodily functions, including digestion, transmission of nerve signals, muscle contraction and blood clotting. The body carefully controls the amount of calcium in the blood. A low calcium level (hypocalcemia) can cause muscle cramps, abdominal spasms and low blood pressure. A high blood calcium level (hypercalcemia) results in muscle weakness, bone pain, high blood pressure and abnormal heart function. The body also regulates phosphorus levels. Very low phosphorus can lead to coma and even death. High phosphorus levels, which are more common, can eventually lead to calcium and phosphorus deposits in the heart, skin, joints and blood vessels.

91. FIRSTConsult - Sdfdsf FIRSTConsult, hyperparathyroidism (Medical Condition File). Published for medical students and primary healthcare providers by Elsevier. http://www.firstconsult.com/?action=view_article&id=1016560&type=101&bref=1

92. UpToDate Patient Information: Primary Hyperparathyroidism OVERVIEW — hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of one or more of the In very rare instances, hyperparathyroidism is caused by parathyroid cancer. http://patients.uptodate.com/topic.asp?file=endo_hor/2367

93. UpToDate Clinical Manifestations Of Primary Hyperparathyroidism INTRODUCTION — Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism may present in one of four During evaluation for manifestations of hyperparathyroidism such as http://patients.uptodate.com/topic.asp?file=minmetab/14112

94. Fluoride & Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Secondary hyperparathyroidism means you have too much of a hormone (a type of signal) in your This condition is called secondary hyperparathyroidism. http://www.fluoridealert.org/health/bone/fluorosis/hyperparathyroidism.html

HEALTH EFFECTS HOMEPAGE Accidents ... Useful Links HEALTH EFFECTS: DIRECTORY: FAN Health Bone Fluorosis Summation A hallmark feature of renal osteodystrophy , secondary hyperthyroidism is a disorder marked by overactive parathyroid glands. Among humans with skeletal fluorosis , fluoride may cause secondary hyperthyroidism or cause bone damage resembling secondary hyperparathyroidism. General Info Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: "The parathyroids are four glands in the neck that produce parathyroid hormone to help control calcium metabolism. Excessive production of this hormone caused by increased activity of these glands is known as hyperparathyroidism. When this occurs in response to low blood calcium caused by another condition , the condition is called secondary hyperparathyroidism. " SOURCE: National Institutes of Health "

95. Search Result For "Hyperparathyroidism" NOAH pages containing hyperparathyroidism . Displaying 13 of 3. Parathyroid Disorders hyperparathyroidism; hyperparathyroidism; hyperparathyroidism http://www.noah-health.org/search/results.php?lang=1&keyword=Hyperparathyroidism

96. ACR Learning File Web Primary hyperparathyroidism is due to a solitary adenoma in 80% of the cases Secondary hyperparathyroidism is a compensatory mechanism that may be due http://www.learningfile.com/learning_file/viewcase.php?section=nu&case_num=909

97. Log In Problems The AACE and AAES have published a joint position statement on the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, emphasizing that operative management is the http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/501632

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98. Hyperparathyroidism - Cinacalcet HCI Cinacalcet hydrochloride for hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal hyperparathyroidism cinacalcet HCI, draft scope, 1 June 2005 http://www.nice.org.uk/page.aspx?o=260174

99. BioSpace News: Hyperparathyroidism Sensipar Shown Effective For Primary hyperparathyroidism LOS ANGELES (Reuters) Biotechnology company Amgen Inc. s Sensipar (cinacalcet) is an effective http://www.biospace.com/news_rxtarget.cfm?RxTargetID=111

100. Dr. Paul A. Fitzgerald, M.D. The term hyperparathyroidism refers to the any condition in which the serum level of The term secondary hyperparathyroidism can refer to the normal http://www.fitzgeraldmd.com/news/archives/000049.html

Paul A. Fitzgerald, M.D. 350 Parnassus Avenue Suite 710 San Francisco, CA 94117 Practice Practice Description Curriculum Vitae Appointments Endocrinology Endocrinology Defined Endocrine Topics Topic Categories Adrenal Diabetes Herbal Medications Metabolic Bone Disease ... Thyroid Monthly Archives January 2005 November 2004 September 2004 August 2004 ... December 2003 Recent Entries UCSF MIBG Protocol Diabetes Caused By Protease Inhibitor Therapy for HIV/AIDS Hyperprolactinemia Hemoglobin A1c Testing ... Graves' Disease Search Topics Syndicate this site (XML) This weblog is licensed under a Creative Commons License Endocrinology Topics Hyperparathyroidism therapy with cinacalcet The tiny parathyroid glands are located in the neck and are usually located adjacent to the thyroid gland, hence the term "parathyroid". There are usually four parathyroid glands, but there can be more, and they can sometimes lie in locations away from the thyroid, sometimes elsewhere in the neck or even in the chest (mediastinum). The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which is required to regulate serum calcium levels. The intact form of PTH can be measured in the serum and is termed "iPTH". Ionized (free) calcium binds to calcium 'receptors' on the surface of parathyroid cells, raising the concentration of calcium in the parathyroid cell and inhibiting PTH secretion by the cell. If the serum ionized calcium concentration is low, PTH secretion is increased and increases serum calcium. PTH increases serum calcium by several effects: 1) PTH acts upon the kidney tubules to increase calcium reabsorption by the kidney tubule filtrate heading towards urinary excretion. 2) PTH acts upon bones to release calcium. 3) PTH acts upon the kidney cells to convert more 25-hydroxy-vitamin D to the active 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D; this active vitamin D stimulates the intestines to absorb more calcium from food.

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