1. Hyperparathyroidism Presents answers to common questions about this disorder. By NIDDK. http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/endo/pubs/hyper/hyper.htm

What Are the Parathyroid Glands? What Is Hyperparathyroidism? Why Are Calcium and Phosphorous So Important? What Causes Hyperparathyroidism? ... Further Reading Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands. Most people with this disorder have one or more enlarged, overactive parathyroid glands that secrete too much parathyroid hormone. In secondary hyperparathyroidism, a problem such as kidney failure makes the body resistant to the action of parathyroid hormone. This e-pub focuses on primary hyperparathyroidism. What Are the Parathyroid Glands? The parathyroid glands are four pea-sized glands located on the thyroid gland in the neck . Occasionally, a person is born with one or more of the parathyroid glands embedded in the thyroid, the thymus, or elsewhere in the chest. In most such cases, however, the glands function normally. Though their names are similar, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are entirely separate glands, each producing distinct hormones with specific functions. The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), a substance that helps maintain the correct balance of calcium and phosphorous in the body. PTH regulates release of the calcium from bone, absorption of calcium in the intestine, and excretion of calcium in the urine. When the amount of calcium in the blood falls too low, the parathyroid glands secrete just enough PTH to restore the balance.

2. New York Thyroid Center: Hyperparathyroidism Describes this disorder of the parathyroid glands. Includes symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/thyroid/hyperpara.html

Related Topics: Clinical Trials for Hyperparathyroidism Parathyroid Surgery Choosing a Surgeon New York Thyroid Center Home here are four parathyroid glands located in the neck, surrounding the thyroid gland. These glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) in order to keep the blood calcium level within the normal range. When blood calcium becomes too low, parathyroid hormone compensates by releasing calcium from the bones, by conserving calcium that would ordinarily be excreted by the kidneys, and by increasing absorption of calcium from food. Hyperparathyroidism occurs when one or more of the parathyroid glands becomes enlarged and overactive, producing too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). When this happens, the excess parathyroid hormone causes a high level of calcium to be released in the blood. Since the bones are the primary source of this calcium, hyperparathyroidism can result in excess bone loss or osteoporosis. If the condition is successfully treated, the bone loss can usually be reversed and bone density can be restored. Most cases (85%) of hyperparathyroidism are the result of a single parathyroid gland malfunctioning and developing into a benign tumor, known as an adenoma. In nearly all other cases (15%), two or more glands enlarge, again in a benign fashion, a condition called hyperplasia. Parathyroid cancer is a rare cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.

3. Rancocas Valley Surgical Associates - Hyperparathyroidism A discussion about surgery for this disease by Rancocas Valley Surgical Associates. http://www.infosheet.com/surgery/parathyroid.html

Rancocas Valley Surgical Associates P.A Rancocas Medical Center 1000 Salem Road, Suite A Willingboro, New Jersey 08046-2855 fax: (609) 877-1589 Hyperparathyroidism means that the parathyroid glands are producing an excess of a hormone called parathyroid hormone, which in turn causes elevations in the levels of calcium circulating in the bloodstream. Primary hyperparathyroidism has become a relatively common condition, especially among the elderly. The incidence of this disease is approximately 25-28 cases/100,000 people per year. Among white women older than 60 the incidence actually approaches 190 cases/100,000 women/year. Parathyroid function The only role of the parathyroid in the human body is to regulate the levels of calcium in the bloodstream. Indirectly, therefore, the glands, working in unison in a normal situation, determine the strength and integrity of the bones. If there is too much calcium leached from the bones, then a condition called osteopenia and osteoporosis occurs. The parathyroid glands have no functional relationship to the thyroid gland. When the calcium levels get too high, typically above 10.5, the patient complains of abdominal pain, tiredness, irritability, depression, memory loss, and, sometimes, kidney stones. Many patients, however, have little or no complaints associated with the elevation in calcium. More often than not, today the discovery of hyperparathyroidism is associated with a routine blood test that finds an elevation in the blood calcium level.

4. Hyperparathyroidism What Are the Parathyroid Glands? What Is hyperparathyroidism? What Causes hyperparathyroidism? How Common Is hyperparathyroidism? http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Hyperparathyroidism: Overactivity Of The Parathyroid Glands. Over 45 pages on parathyroid disease and hyperparathyroidism. Written by experts for patients. Covers the dangers, symptoms, and treatments of parathyroid http://www.endocrineweb.com/hyperpara.html

This parathyroid page was updated January 16, 2005. The primary disease of parathyroid glands is overactivity...too much parathyroid hormone is produced. This is called hyperparathyroidism. Under this condition of hyperparathyroidism, one or more of the parathyroid glands behaves inappropriately by making excess hormone regardless of the level of calcium. In other words, the parathyroid glands continue to make large amounts of parathyroid hormone even when the calcium level is normal and they should not be making hormone at all. Remember as you read these pages, its a hormone problem, not a cancer problem. We'll say it againHyperparathyroidism is a parathyroid hormone problem, NOT a parathyroid cancer problem! HOWEVER, over-production of parathyroid hormone by over-active parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism) can rob you of your health, making you feel run down and tired, causing osteoporosis and many other serious problems. KEEP READINGHyperparathyroidism can be fixed with new mini-surgery techniques in most people in under 20 minutes! (oftenunder 15 minutes!).

6. MDchoice.com The Ultimate Medical Information Finder Primary Hyperparathyroidism Explanation of this disorder, the importance of calcium and phosphorous, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and surgery. By MDchoice.com. http://www.mdchoice.com/Pt/consumer/Hyperparathyroidism.asp

Advertisement Sign up for a FREE disease newsletter: Select Disease Allergies Arthritis Cholesterol Depression Diabetes Hypertension Medical Information Arthritis Center Allergy Center Kid's Health Cancer Center ... Health News From our Sponsors Interactive Education Simulators PhotoRounds Medical Databases MEDLINE CancerLit AIDSLine Healthcare Employment About Us Editorial Board Our Company Contact Us We subscribe to the HONcode principles of the Health On the Net Foundation Spell Checker Search the Web's best medical sites Searches over 6,000 Medical Journals Health Information Friday, September 09, 2005 Find more information about this topic from either the Web or the world's best medical journals by using the search boxes at the top of this page. Hyperparathyroidism Disorder What Are the Parathyroid Glands? What Is Hyperparathyroidism? Why Are Calcium and Phosphorous So Important? What Causes Hyperparathyroidism? ... Further Reading Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands. Most people with this disorder have one or more enlarged, overactive parathyroid glands that secrete too much parathyroid hormone. In secondary hyperparathyroidism, a problem such as kidney failure makes the body resistant to the action of parathyroid hormone. This e-pub focuses on primary hyperparathyroidism.

7. Hyperparathyroidism Overactivity Of The Parathyroid Glands. Over 45 pages on parathyroid disease and hyperparathyroidism. Written by experts for patients. Covers the dangers, symptoms, and treatments of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Osteoporosis And Parathyroid Disease: How Calcium Effects Osteoporosis And Parat When one of the parathyroid glands is overactive (hyperparathyroidism) the parathyroid In most patients the osteoporosis due to hyperparathyroidism is http://www.endocrineweb.com/osteo.html

Osteoporosis Occurs in All Patients with Parathyroid Disease. The Osteoporosis Due to a Parathyroid Tumor is Reversible After the Diseased Parathyroid is Removed. NOTE: This page is about osteoporosis associated with parathyroid disease. If you simply want to lean about osteoporosis, then click here to go to our Osteoporosis Center . We have more information on Osteoporosis than anybody. How Does Our Body Regulate Calcium? Calcium levels are regulated by the parathyroid glands. That's all the parathyroid glands do! Through the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), these four small glands regulate how much calcium is absorbed from our diet, how much calcium is secreted by our kidneys, and how much calcium is stored in our bones. We store many pounds of calcium in our bones, and it is readily available to the rest of the body at the request of the parathyroid glands. When one of the parathyroid glands is overactive ( hyperparathyroidism ) the parathyroid tumor makes too much PTH hormone which then causes our bones to release calcium constantly into the blood stream. This causes the bones to lose their density and hardness (it is the calcium that makes them hard). Loss of calcium from bones is called osteoporosis. Bones which are osteoporotic are more likely to break! This picture shows a normal bone section on the bottom and a bone with osteoporosis on the top. The osteoporotic bone has bigger holes in it as a result of the calcium being dissolved and put into the blood stream (caused by excess parathyroid hormone, advanced age, and lack of estrogen in older females). The osteoporotic bone is not as strong and therefore, more susceptible to fractures. This continued dissolving of the central bone is what causes the bone pain so common to hyperparathyroidism. It is also what contributes to the weakening of the spinal column resulting in elderly persons walking "hunched over".

9. Pruritus An Important Symptom Of Internal Diseases In depth article describes itching that can be associated with hyperthyroidism, mixoedema, and hyperparathyroidism. http://www.mf.uni-lj.si/acta-apa/acta-apa-00-3/Peharda.html

2000, Vol 9, No 3 Pruritus an important symptom of internal diseases V. Peharda, F. Gruber, M. Ka¹telan, I. Brajac and L. Èabrijan Keywords pruritus, etiology; uremia; cholestasis; malignant diseases; drugs Summary Pruritus is a common unpleasant sensation, accompanied frequently by scratching. This symptom can be caused by numerous cutaneous diseases and by internal disorders. Pruritus is mediated by histamine, proteases, prostaglandins, and substance P. The biochemical, cellular mechanisms and the neuroanatomical pathway which determine the outbreak of pruritus in different internal diseases are described. The exact diagnosis is important for choosing an appropriate treatment. Introduction Pruritus is one of the most prominent and disturbing symptoms of skin and other diseases, which was already known to the physicians in the Old Age, including Hippocrates who wrote about it (1). Despite its common use, the word pruritus is not easy to define. A simple description is that pruritus is an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes a desire to scratch. This desire is the most remarkable characteristic of itch or pruritus in its differentiation from other similar sensations. In the seventeen century Hafenreffer, already described it as "tristis sensatio, desideri scalpendi excitans" (2). Although it seems simple, this attempt to define pruritus can be imprecise; recently Savin noted that the "word unpleasant means different things to different people", and patients suffering from itch do not always want to scratch (3). Pruritus can be a physiological sensation if the consecutive scratching removes a potentially harmful agent, or pathological, if associated with skin and internal diseases, and psychic disorders, or caused by some drugs.

10. NIH ORBD-NRC - Osteoporosis And Related Bone Diseases Information to health care professionals, patients and the public about metabolic bone diseases. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Hyperparathyroidism What It Is And How It S Treated Information about hyperparathyroidism from the American Academy of Family Physicians. http://familydoctor.org/251.xml

Advanced Search familydoctor.org Home Conditions A to Z Hyperparathyroidism What is hyperparathyroidism? What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism? What does HPT do to your body? Who gets HPT? ... How is HPT treated? Hyperparathyroidism: What It Is and How It's Treated Printer-friendly version Email this article What is hyperparathyroidism? You have 4 pea-sized glands behind the thyroid gland at the front of your neck. These glands are called parathyroids. They make a hormone called parathyroid hormone (PTH) that keeps the right levels of calcium in your blood and bones. PTH helps you absorb calcium from your food and keeps you from losing too much calcium in your urine. When your parathyroid glands make too much of this hormone, you have a condition called hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The amount of calcium going into your bones usually matches the amount of calcium passing out of your bones. This means that the amount of calcium in your bones should stay about the same all the time. If you have HPT, more calcium is coming out of your bones than is going in, so you get too much calcium in your blood. Other parts of your body don't work as well if you have too much calcium in your blood. Return to top What are the symptoms of hyperparathyroidism?

12. The Paget Foundation Information and programs for patients and medical professionals on Paget's disease of bone, primary hyperparathyroidism, fibrous dysplasia, osteopetrosis, breast cancer metastatic to bone, and prostate cancer metastatic to bone. http://www.paget.org

Information On: Paget's Disease of Bone Primary Hyperparathyroidism Fibrous Dysplasia Osteopetrosis ... FOR PATIENTS [select a topic] Paget's Disease of Bone Primary Hyperparathyroidism Fibrous Dysplasia Osteopetrosis Breast Cancer Metastatic... Prostate Cancer Metastatic... List of Publications Physician Referrals Related Links FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS [select a topic] Paget's Disease of Bone Fibrous Dysplasia Osteopetrosis Conferences Updated! List of Publications Related Links Welcome to the Paget Foundation! Welcome! We invite you to register and explore the Paget Foundation website. Here you will find a wealth of accurate and reliable information on Paget's disease of bone, primary hyperparathyroidism, fibrous dysplasia, osteopetrosis (not the common disease osteoporosis) and the skeletal complications of cancer. (Please note that this website does not include information on Paget's breast disease.) As the only organization in the United States addressing these conditions, the Foundation is dedicated to providing useful information for patients, health professionals and researchers. We need your support to continue to make Paget Foundation information accessible to everyone who needs it. Please take a minute and follow the simple instructions for

13. Parathyroid.com Discusses Parathyroid Disease And Parathyroid Section 2 Parathyroid Disease and hyperparathyroidism. hyperparathyroidism is the principle disease of parathyroid glands. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Vitamin D Deficiency And Secondary Hyperparathyroidism In The Vitamin D Deficiency and Secondary hyperparathyroidism in the Elderly Consequences for Bone Loss and Fractures and Therapeutic Implications http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. New York Thyroid Center: Clinical Trials For Hyperparathyroidism the effectiveness of Evista as a treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism. Primary hyperparathyroidism is a condition in which increased levels of http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/dept/thyroid/parastudies.html

Related Topics: Hyperparathyroidism Parathyroid Surgery Choosing a Surgeon New York Thyroid Center Home he Metabolic Bone Disease Program is seeking people interested in participating in experimental treatments for hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis. There are currently two projects available to eligible patients. If you are interested in learning more about these conditions and joining these projects, call Study #1: Combination Therapy Using Alendronate (Fosamax) and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Study #2: Raloxifene (Evista) in Primary Hyperparathyroidism Combination Therapy Using Alendronate (Fosamax) and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) in the Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center is currently looking for women who are interested in taking part in a study to investigate a new treatment for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis (sometimes called "brittle bones") is a condition in which bone mass and bone strength is reduced so that fractures occur much more easily. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of combining PTH and Fosamax in treating osteoporosis. Studies have shown that both PTH, a hormone which has not been approved for use outside of research studies and Fosamax, a drug which has been approved for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, lead to an increase in bone mineral density. PTH alone has shown in past studies to lead to an increase in bone mineral density that is greater than currently available therapies.

16. Vitamin D Deficiency And Secondary Hyperparathyroidism In The Vitamin D Deficiency and Secondary hyperparathyroidism in the Elderly IV. Other Causes of Secondary hyperparathyroidism in the Elderly http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. EMedicine - Hyperparathyroidism : Article By Philip Salen, MD hyperparathyroidism The parathyroid glands regulate calcium and phosphorus levels by releasing variable amounts of parathyroid hormone, which raises serum http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic265.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Endocrine And Metabolic Hyperparathyroidism Last Updated: May 19, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: parathyroid insufficiency, parathyroid hormone, PTH, parathyroid glands AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Philip Salen, MD , Research Director, Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, Saint Luke's Hospital Editor(s): Joseph J Sachter, MD, FACEP , Consulting Staff, Department of Emergency Medicine, Muhlenberg Regional Medical Center; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine; Jeffrey L Arnold, MD, FACEP , Medical Director, Office of Emergency Preparedness, Assistant Clinical Professor of Emergency Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital; John Halamka, MD

18. NIH ORBD~NRC - Primary Hyperparathyroidism Contains a fact sheet on this hormonal problem, who it affects, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and suggestions for patients. http://www.osteo.org/newfile.asp?doc=p112i&doctype=HTML Fact Sheet&docti

19. Genetic Testing In Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism Genetic testing in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism unexpected results and their implications J Warner1 2 , M Epstein3 , A Sweet1 2 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. EMedicine - Hyperparathyroidism : Article By Lawrence Kim, MD hyperparathyroidism Through their secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the parathyroid glands are primarily responsible for maintaining extracellular http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3200.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Endocrinology Hyperparathyroidism Last Updated: July 18, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone, PTH, plasma calcium, phosphaturia, primary hyperparathyroidism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, tertiary hyperparathyroidism, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, FHH, familial benign (hypocalciuric) hypercalcemia, hypercalcemia of malignancy, calciphylaxis, uremic gangrene syndrome, chronic renal failure, vitamin D deficiency, renal failure, kidney failure, osteitis fibrosa cystica, dialysis complications, dialysis-dependent renal failure AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 9 Author Information Introduction Anatomy And Embryology Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Bibliography Author: Lawrence Kim, MD

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