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         Heat Related Injuries:     more detail
  1. Managing the heat in Florida: A text for safety & health professionals who assist employers in reducing heat related occupational injuries by Kris Bancroft, 1995
  2. Injuries Related to Summer Heat (Home Health Aide on-the-Go in-Service Lessons, Volume 7) by Carol O., Ph.D. Long, 2007-12-31
  3. Thermal injury and related problems by William G Eckert, 1974

21. KRAB Kronicle - 506th Air Expeditionary Group Public Affairs
In fact, heat related injuries can top the list for patient care at the 506th For more information about heat stress and heatrelated injuries check out
http://www.afnews.af.mil/iraq/kirkuk/041005-heat-kirkuk.htm

22. Heat Related Injuries
Heat Cramps. Painful cramps and spasms of active muscles Heat Fatigue.Feeling of weakness and tiredness; Caused by depletion of water and salt due to
http://www.ccps.org/other/athletic/injury/heat.html
The main problem associated with exercising in hot weather is water loss through sweating. Water loss is best replaced by allowing athletes to drink as much water as they like, whenever they wish. Heat Cramps
  • Painful cramps and spasms of active muscles
  • Especially calf muscles
  • Caused by intense, prolonged exercise in the heat
  • Depletion of water and salt due to sweating
First Aid:
  • Rest in a cool place
  • Firm pressure on cramping muscles or gentle massage
  • Sips of water unless nausea occurs
Heat Fatigue
  • Feeling of weakness and tiredness
  • Caused by depletion of water and salt due to sweating
Heat Exhaustion
  • Extreme weakness
  • Exhaustion
  • Headache
  • Dizziness
  • Profuse sweating and sometimes unconsciousness
  • Cool, moist, pale or red skin
  • -Sweating skin and normal or below normal body temperature
First Aid:
  • Remove from sun
  • Lay down and loosen clothing
  • Apply cool, wet cloths
  • Fan or move to air conditioned room
  • Sips of water unless nausea occurs
Heat Stroke
  • Individual is usually unconscious
  • Dry skin- not sweating
  • High body temperature
  • Hot, red skin

23. Vessel Heat Stress
If not recognized and treated, heat related injuries can worsen, The mostimportant step in preventing heat related injuries is to replenish fluids and
http://www.uscg.mil/mlclant/KDiv/kseVessel_Heat.htm
Maintenance and Logistics Command Atlantic
Safety, Environmental Health and Food Services HEAT STRESS AND HEAT RELATED INJURIES Objective To inform Coast Guard personnel how they are effected by heat, humidity, and work load; how to identify and treat injuries caused by overexposure; and how to avoid heat related injuries. References
  • Coast Guard Cutter Heat Stress Program COMDTINST M2620.17 Shipboard Heat Stress Control and Personnel Protection OPNAVINST 5100.20C
Materials
  • Videotape: If You Can't Stand The Heat
Elements Background Heat Stress effects everyone who lives, works, plays in a hot and/or humid environment. Can cause ... accidents
... heat related injuries
... disability
... death Reasons why accident rate increases with temperature levels ... Fogged glasses/goggles
... Sweat in the eyes
... Dizziness/Fainting
... Physical Discomfort/Distraction
... Slower Reactions Heat Related Injuries ... Sunburn
... Heat Rash
... Heat Cramps

24. JS Online: One Hot Time
Dozens of people were treated for heatrelated injuries at events across theregion Sunday, Area hospitals reported few heat related injuries.
http://www.jsonline.com/news/gen/jul05/343560.asp?format=print

25. What Are Some Ways To Prevent Heat-related Illnesses?
The most effective way to manage heat illness is to prevent it. The followingguidelines offer simple steps for the prevention of heat related injuries
http://missourifamilies.org/quick/nutritionqa/fitqa6.htm
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What are some ways to prevent heat-related illnesses? The most effective way to manage heat illness is to prevent it. The following guidelines offer simple steps for the prevention of heat related injuries:
  • Recognize that any form of physical exertion, not just exercise, can result in heat related problems. Recognize that unfit individuals are more likely to suffer a heat related illness. Recognize when temperature or humidity conditions might require you to decrease the intensity of your physical activity. Before strenuous physical activity drink plenty of water and other fluids. Drink more fluids during the activity than your thirst is dictating. It is very difficult to drink too much. Drink plenty of fluids after the workout.

26. Rogers Group Experts In Crushed Stone, Aggregates, Gravel, Asphalt Paving, Road
Preventing heat related injuries. In the last few weeks I have participated intwo lost time injury investigation reviews. Fortunately the employees had
http://www.rogersgroupinc.com/safety/News/scott-safety.htm
Preventing Heat Related Injuries
In the last few weeks I have participated in two lost time injury investigation reviews. Fortunately the employees had fully recovered and returned to work but in some ways we were lucky. In most cases with injuries we can readily determine where an unsafe act occurred and then communicate to everyone how we can avoid a similar injury, but in the case of these two lost time injuries we could not point to any simple cause. The two I am speaking of occurred during hot weather and were diagnosed as heat exhaustion. What was the cause? We could say the hot weather, but work goes on day after day during work season and the weather is equally as hot with no heat injuries. Maybe we could say they both occurred after eating a big lunch so that is the reason? Maybe they didn't drink enough water or other liquids? Each of these can be a contributing factor but it is not easy to predict how each person will be affected by the heat and other factors. So what can we do? The first line is personal responsibility. We have to make sure we take in a lot of liquids if it is hot, especially when the humidity is high. If you feel like you are becoming overheated take action. If you fail to do so it could result in serious consequences. If you see someone else that appears to be overheating help them immediately! Recent bulletins have talked about the symptoms and treatment of heat related conditions. Review them again if needed. Also each crew and or location should have personnel trained in first aid who could help if a heat related condition occurs. We also contacted the Tennessee Titans football team to see what they suggested based on their experience with the team.

27. Heat Stress
Fireball.gif (9078 bytes) heat related injuries seem to occur often with theelderly; people who are not in good physical condition; or acclimatized to the
http://ppo.tamuk.edu/ehs/Heat_Stress/heatstress.htm
The hazards of living and working in South Texas under elevated
temperature conditions can range from simply being annoyed by the heat
- - to a life threatening emergency. There are ways in which you can beat the heat in order to protect yourself under hot conditions. You must take precautions to avoid heat stress and you must also know the symptoms and emergency procedures of heat stress so that you may assist a co-worker or a loved-one who is suffering from a heat-related illness. INTRODUCTION Since 1936, according to the National Safety Council, 30,000 people have died from
heat related illnesses.
On the average, 384 people die each year from heat stroke. This is an average number of deaths associated with normal hot temperatures. In the event of a heat wave, the number of deaths increase tremendously. Heat related injuries seem to occur often with the elderly; people who are not in good
physical condition; or acclimatized to the heat. GENERATION OF BODY HEAT There are two main ways in which our bodies produce heat: Metabolic Heat - the body generates heat through the digestion of food and exercise.

28. Don’t Let Heat Injuries Ruin Workout, PRT
heat related injuries are very dangerous. I encourage Sailors to prepare fortheir PRT or for any other fitness activity by drinking plenty of water and
http://www.news.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=8961

29. Go To Top Newspaper Articles Diagnosing Sun Heat Related
Diagnosing Sun heat related injuries in Plants by Michelle Le Strange, MasterGardener Advisor. Sunburn, Sunscald, High Temperature Injury and High Light
http://cetulare.ucdavis.edu/mg/ARTICLES/N071504.HTM
MG Home Page Phone Hotline Speakers Bureau Who we are ... Go to top Newspaper Articles
by Michelle Le Strange, Master Gardener Advisor
Sunburn, Sunscald, High Temperature Injury and High Light Injury: What's the difference? Sunburn
Sun exposure can generate critically high temperatures in plant tissues, leading to dehydration and death. Sunburn is injury to aboveground plant parts (leaves, bark, flowers, and fruit) caused by excessive exposure to solar radiation. High temperatures are closely linked to sunburn injury. Plants deficient in water have an increased potential for injury, but sunburn can also occur on sensitive species when soil moisture levels are adequate. Unlike sunscald, sunburn is not preceded or followed by freezing temperatures. Sunburn on leaves looks like reddish or red-brown areas that eventually die. You've probably seen sunburn on camellias and azaleas if their leaves are exposed to afternoon sun, but you can also see sunburn on Indian hawthorn (rhaphiolepis), photinia, euonymous, and other heat tolerant shrubs. New growth is particularly sensitive to sunburn. Sunburned bark initially appears discolored (often reddish brown) and then becomes dry. Cracking and peeling is typical, and damage is usually most severe on the south or southwest sides of branches and trunks. Wood-boring insects and wood decay often follow. Sunburned flowers and fruit start as water-soaked areas on the most exposed surfaces. Eventually flower tissue turns brown and shrivels, while fruit tissue appears rotten.

30. Medical Aspects Of The Hotter 'n Hell Hundred Bicycle Ride
heat related injuries are seen most commonly by medical personnel. Every year,however, trauma related injuries occur from collisions and accidents.
http://www.medmag.org/hhh.html
Medical Aspects of the Hotter 'n Hell Hundred Bicycle Ride by Larry Magruder, MD 1998 Medial Director for HHH My wife and I first came to Wichita Falls in 1993. As part of learning about the city we read about a bicycle event called the Hotter 'n Hell something or other. During this event, thousands of allegedly sane individuals mounted their bicycles and pedaled for up to one hundred miles during the hottest part of the year. I thought this the height of foolishness but probably good for business. The foolishness must be contagious, however. I now find myself, after four years of participating in the ride and working medical stops, taking over as Medical Director and trying to keep up the high standards of the past. The Hotter 'n Hell Hundred is a major event which has received volunteer support from all segments of the population. From the first ride of only 1,100 riders to the recent rides of 8,000 to 10,000 riders, medical volunteers have been instrumental in making the race possible. The safety record at the HHH is exemplary. Out of over 120,000 riders only five deaths occurred, the last one in 1994 in a rider with a severe cardiomyopathy. In 1988, the HHH was the first event to require protective helmets for all riders, an action adopted my many other national rides since then. Before the ride begins eighteen rest/medical stops are set up including the medical tent at the finish line. During the early part of the ride the rest stops come approximately every ten miles. During the latter part of the course, the stops are about five miles apart.

31. KLTV 7 Tyler-Longview-Jacksonville, TX: Heat Plan
Data for 2004 ETMC didn’t see any direct heat related injuries. UTHCT reported3 heat related injuries only and no deaths. Trinity Mother Frances reported
http://www.kltv.com/Global/story.asp?S=3543427

32. Heat-Related Illness
Tips for staying safe in warm weather, and how to recognize and care for different stages of heat injuries. Includes a glossary of related terms. From the American Red Cross.
http://www.redcross.org/services/hss/tips/heat.html

33. Kid Tips -- Heat-Related Injuries.
heatrelated injuries. Three dangers of summertime are heat cramps, heatexhaustion, and heatstroke. These are all manifestations of dehydration caused by
http://www2.kumc.edu/kids/KidTips/heat_stress.htm
KU Department of Pediatrics.
This web site created by
John Goodwin, MD.
Accessibility Statement. Legal Notices. Revised:
January 20, 2004
The World Wide Web is not a substitute for the care of a competent health care provider. Do not read or use the information on this page until you have read and understood our
Heat-Related Injuries:
Three dangers of summertime are heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heatstroke. These are all manifestations of dehydration caused by excessive sweating.
Heat cramps:
Heat cramps is the mildest of these three forms. It is characterized by severe cramping of the muscles, similar to what is seen with football players during a game. Treatment is straightforward. Give your child a cold glass of water every 15 minutes and put him or her in a cool shaded place. Heat cramps are rarely, if ever, serious. Unless your child is showing some additional signs of distress, you do not need to contact your physician.
Heat exhaustion:
Heat exhaustion is a more serious form of heat stress. In heat exhaustion, the dehydration is somewhat more severe. It is characterized by dizziness, fainting, sweating, and a normal body temperature.

34. NASD: Outdoor Action Guide To Heat-Related Illnesses & Fluid Balance
heat injuries can be immediately lifethreatening. heat Challenge is greaterthan heat Loss, you are at risk for a heat-related injury (see Table 9.4).
http://www.cdc.gov/nasd/docs/d001201-d001300/d001215/d001215.html
Rick Curtis
Princeton University, Outdoor Action
Heat injuries can be immediately life-threatening. Be aware of the temperature conditions and your hydration levels.
The information provided here is designed for educational use only and is not a substitute for specific training or experience. Princeton University and the author assume no liability for any individual's use of or reliance upon any material contained or referenced herein. This article is prepared to provide basic information about heat related illnesses for t e lay person. Medical research is always expanding our knowledge of the causes and treatment. It is your responsibility to learn the latest information. The material contained in this article may not Fluid Balance All the body's fluids make up one large body fluid pool. Losses of fluid from any one source is reflected in the levels of all the body's other fluids: e.g. profuse sweating will ultimately result in decreased blood volume. If a patient loses enough fluid through any manner-bleeding, sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea-the end result is the same: dehydration and, potentially, volume shock. Adequate fluid is also critically important in hot environments to help our body thermoregulate (see Heat llnesses page 00). Remember, dehydration can kill!

35. CDC Media Relations: MMWR News Synopsis For June 11, 1999
injuries, illnesses, and deaths from both manmade and weather-related heat can Persons at increased risk for heat-related illness and death include the
http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/mmwrnews/n990611.htm

Media Home
Contact Us
Press Summaries
June 11, 1999 MMWR articles are embargoed until 4 p.m. Eastern time on Thursday.
MMWR Synopsis
  • Improvements in Workplace Safety — United States, 1900-1999 Heat-Related Illnesses and Deaths — Missouri, 1998, and United States, 1979-1996
  • Fact Sheet: Creating Safer Workplaces Click here for MMWR home page.
    Synopsis June 11, 1999 Improvements in Workplace Safety — United States, 1900-1999
    During the 20 th century, substantial progress has been achieved in reducing hazardous conditions and deaths in U.S. workplaces. PRESS CONTACT:
    Fred Blosser
    CDC, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
    Heat-Related Illnesses and Deaths — Missouri, 1998, and United States, 1979-1996
    Injuries, illnesses, and deaths from both man-made and weather-related heat can be prevented. PRESS CONTACT: Enzo Campagnolo, D.V.M., M.P.H. CDC, National Center for Environmental Health
    During 1979-1996, exposure to extreme hot temperatures caused an annual average of 381 deaths in the United States. Persons at increased risk for heat-related illness and death include the very young (infants), the elderly ( 65 years); persons with impaired mobility; persons physically active in hot environments, who fail to rest frequently or drink enough fluids; and persons using certain drugs which impair thermoregulatory function or inhibit perspiration. In addition, excessive alcohol consumption can cause dehydration and be a predisposing risk factor. This report describes four instances of heat-related deaths that occurred in the State of Missouri in 1998, summarizes U. S. heat-related deaths during 1979-1996, and describes the risk factors associated with heat-related illness and death. For more information on extreme visit this site

    36. NASD: OA Guide To Heat-Related Injuries & Fluid Balance
    heat injuries can be immediately lifethreatening. This can lead to a varietyof heat related illnesses including heat Exhaustion and heat Stroke.
    http://are.berkeley.edu/heat/outdoorguide.html
    Outdoor Action Guide to Heat-Related
    by Rick Curtis - Outdoor Action Program, Princeton University
    Heat injuries can be immediately life-threatening. Be aware of the temperature conditions and your hydration levels. The information provided here is designed for educational use only and is not a substitute for specific training or experience. Princeton University and the author assume no liability for any individual's use of or reliance upon any material contained or referenced herein. This article is prepared to provide basic information about heat related illnesses for t e lay person. Medical research is always expanding our knowledge of the causes and treatment. It is your responsibility to learn the latest information. The material contained in this article may not Fluid Balance All the body's fluids make up one large body fluid pool. Losses of fluid from any one source is reflected in the levels of all the body's other fluids: e.g. profuse sweating will ultimately result in decreased blood volume. If a patient loses enough fluid through any manner-bleeding, sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea-the end result is the same: dehydration and, potentially, volume shock. Adequate fluid is also critically important in hot environments to help our body thermoregulate (see Heat llnesses page 00). Remember, dehydration can kill! If someone is chronically losing fluid (from diarrhea or vomiting), then you have a real emergency on your hands. Treat the cause of the fluid lose as best you can (see Shock page 00, Bleeding page 00, Heat Illnesses page 00, Abdominal Infections page 00) and rehydrate the patient.

    37. Texas Children's Hospital - Protecting Children From Heat-related Injuries Impor
    There are three types of heatrelated injuries heat cramps, heat exhaustion Shook said that heat-related injuries can be avoided by taking the proper
    http://www.texaschildrenshospital.org/allabout/newscenter/ArticleDisplay.aspx?ai

    38. Texas Children's Hospital - Heat-related Injuries Become A Concern As Temperatur
    Texas Children’s Hospital, the largest pediatric hospital in the United States,is a Houstonbased, worldwide leader in the diagnosis and treatment of
    http://www.texaschildrenshospital.org/allabout/newscenter/ArticleDisplay.aspx?ai

    39. Heat-related Injuries, US Army, 2002
    Historically, heatrelated injuries have been significant threats to the During 2002, there were 1816 heat-related injuries of active duty soldiers.
    http://amsa.army.mil/1msmr/2003/v09_n04_article1.htm
    MSMR May/June 200 Vol. 09 / No. 04 Page 2
    Heat-related injuries, US Army, 2002 Historically, heat-related injuries have been significant threats to the health and operational effectiveness of soldiers and their units. The U.S. military has developed doctrine, equipment, and training methods that reflect decades of operational lessons learned and numerous research studies. Still, however, physical exertion in hot environments cause numerous (and occasionally fatal) injuries of US soldiers. Each year, the MSMR summarizes the heat injury experience of active duty soldiers during the prior year. This report summarizes hospitalizations, outpatient visits, and notifiable event reports related to heat injuries among active duty soldiers from January through December 2002. Methods. The DMSS was searched to identify all medical encounters and notifiable medical event reports that included a diagnosis of “other and unspecified effects of heat and light” (ICD-9-CM: 992.0-992.9). If more than one source documented a heat injury episode, information for summary purposes was derived from the hospitalization record (if one was available) or the reportable event record; ambulatory records were used when they were the only sources of information regarding particular episodes. Finally, to reduce the misclassification of clinical followups as incident cases, medical encounters that occurred within seven days of a prior heat injury diagnosis were excluded from the summary.

    40. Heat-Related Illness Information For Paddlers
    heatrelated illnesses are a major cause of preventable injury and death.Due to the nature of paddlesports heat-related injuries are quite common,
    http://southwestpaddler.com/docs/heat.html
    Heat-Related Illness Information for Paddlers
    On a global basis heat-related illnesses are a major cause of preventable injury and death. Due to the nature of paddlesports heat-related injuries are quite common, especially where paddlers are running cold water in warm weather and wearing wetsuits, drysuits or Goretex (tm) clothing that repel water and trap body heat. It is important to know the types of heat-related injuries that can occur, how to recognize the onset of these problems and what to do to effectively prevent them, treat them and forestall serious injury or death. The major illnesses are heat exhaustion and heat stroke, generally caused by electrolyte loss, dehydration and a failure of the body's temperature regulatory system, which should kick in automatically to vent excess core heat and prevent heat-related problems. However, there are several other heat-related illnesses, some or all of which can and will presage the onset of the two more serious injuries. These include heat cramps, hyperthermia and a host of similar symptomatic signs of impending heat exhaustion or heat stroke. Heat-related illnesses occur in young and old alike, though usually for completely different reasons. Paddlers risk heat-related injuries when running rivers in hot, humid conditions where solar exposure, outside air temperatures, high humidity and lack of adequate fluids intake combine to affect the active body. This is complicated by the wearing of wetsuits, drysuits or other insulating garments that do not allow radiated or evaporated body heat to escape. Heat exhaustion is an acute heat-related injury characterized by hyperthermia caused by severe dehydration. Whenever environmental and/or bodily regulatory mechanisms fail and prevent the dissipation of heat the body is in jeopardy of heat exhaustion.

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