1. NGDF: Frequently Asked Questions About Graves Disease An overview provided by the National Graves Disease Foundation. http://www.ngdf.org/faq.htm

National Graves' Disease Foundation Frequently Asked Questions About Graves' Disease What is Graves' Disease? The leading cause of hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease represents a basic defect in the immune system, causing production of immunoglobulins (antibodies) which stimulate and attack the thyroid gland, causing growth of the gland and overproduction of thyroid hormone. Similar antibodies may also attack the tissues in the eye muscles and in the pretibial skin (the skin on the front of the lower leg). Facts Graves' disease occurs in less that 1/4 of 1% of the population. Graves' disease is more prevalent among females than males. Graves' disease usually occurs in middle age, but also occurs in children and adolescents. Graves' disease is not curable, but is a completely treatable disease Symptoms Fatigue Weight Loss Restlessness Tachycardia (rapid heart beat) Changes in libido (sex drive) Muscle weakness Heat intolerance Tremors Enlarged thyroid gland Heart palpitations Increased sweating Blurred or double vision Eye complaints, such as redness and swelling

2. Welcome To The National Graves Disease Foundation Educational organization open exclusively to people with Graves disease, their families, friends and health care professionals. http://www.ngdf.org/

We subscribe to the HON code principles of the HON foundation, click the above box to see the principles Please read our regarding our policies and privacy statements. The National Graves' Disease Foundation, is an educational, non-profit organization incorporated in the State of Florida. The information on our site is not a substitute for medical care. It is not provided to replace the relation betweena patient/visitor and their doctor. The Bridge to Wellness XIII will be held in San Diego, CA. Click on the link to find out more information. 14 - 16 October 2005. We have assembled the dream team from past conferences. Print out this flyer for your Doctor's Office Testimonials From Past Conferences Print out the latest Conference information Did you know... 13 million Americans have a thyroid disorder and more than half of them are not aware of it. To receive additional information about the National Graves' Disease Foundation, and Graves' disease, send a self-addressed 9 by 12" stamped envelope (1.56 postage) to the NGDF, P.O. Box 8387, Fleming Island, FL 32006 or call: 1-904-278-9488. Or click on our Information button to the left. It is the same information that we will mail to you and you can have the information you need TODAY! View our Annual Report for 2003. The 2004 Annual Report will be put on as it becomes available.

3. Graves'Disease MEDSTUDENTS-ENDOCRINOLOGY A review of the key concepts of management of Graves’ disease (hyperthyroidism), including definition, etiology, prevalence, incidence, pathology and http://www.medstudents.com.br/endoc/endoc5.htm

ENDOCRINOLOGY MARCELO SPECTOR Medstudents' Homepage Graves'Disease Part 1 Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis Thyrotoxicosis are the clinical, physiologic and biochemical syndromes that result when tissues are exposed to, and respond to high levels of thyroid hormone. In most instances, thyrotoxicosis is due to hyperactivity of thyroid gland, or hyperthyroidism (hypermetabolism). Occasionally, thyrotoxicosis may be due to other causes such as excessive ingestion of thyroid hormone or secretion form ectopic sites. There are various forms of thyrotoxicosis and the most common is Graves’ Disease. Definition Graves’ disease, also known as Parry’s or Basedow’s disease or diffuse toxic goiter, is a disorder with three major manifestations: hyperthyroidism with diffuse goiter, ophthalmopathy, and dermopathy. They do not appear together. Indeed, one or two need never appear, and moreover, the three may run courses that are largely independent of one another. Prevalence It is the most common form of thyrotoxicosis. It affects as many as 1.9 per cent of the female population. The ratio of women to men is as high as 7:1. It reaches its peak incidence between the third and forth decades and the reason for the female predominance in this as in all thyroid diseases is unknown. Genetic factors play an important role, since there is an increased frequency haplotypes HLA-B8 and -DRw3 in Caucasian, HLA-Bw36 in Japanese, and HLA-Bw46 in Chinese patients with the disease. Etiology and Pathogenesis Graves’ disease is currently viewed as an autoimmune disease of unknown cause. Hyperthyroidism is its principal manifestation, yet TSH is suppressed and no intrinsic abnormalities in the gland have been identified.

4. Dreddyclinic.com - Graves Disease graves disease graves disease, named after Robert J. Graves, MD, circa 1830s, is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating http://www.dreddyclinic.com/findinformation/gg/gravesdisease.htm

5. Graves Disease The Angeles Vision Clinic presents descriptions and photos that show how excessive levels of thyroid hormones and related antibodies attack the muscles of http://www.avclinic.com/graves_disease.htm

Angeles Vision Clinic The web site has detailed information on many other eye conditions. Please feel free to visit our Home Page or check out other eye conditions on our Eye Conditions page GRAVES EYE DISEASE OR Infiltrative Thyroid Ophthalmopathy Janet's page Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces a greater than normal amount of hormone. It occurs in a number of diseases, including Graves' disease, toxic goitre, thyroiditis and ingestion of excessive amounts of thyroid hormones. Excessive levels of thyroid hormones give rise to weight loss, rapid hart, tremor, sweating and changes in the nails, skin and hair. Subjectively, a person will notice nervousness, heat intolerance and hart palpitations. Prominent eyes or Proptosis Inability to close eyes Graves' disease is a term used to describe the commonest variety of hyperthyroidism, which is regarded as having an autoimmune basis. Autoimmune disease may be understood as a process by which the body sees some part of itself as being foreign and reacts to it much the same way that it would with any bacteria or virus. In the case of Graves' disease, the body sees the thyroid gland as the foreign object and produces antibodies that attack the thyroid gland. This will often (but not in all cases) cause the thyroid gland to become over active. Graves' eye disease is currently believed to be due to a similar autoimmune reaction. However, in the case of

6. Welcome To The National Graves Disease Foundation Educational organization open exclusively to people with Graves' disease, their families, friends and health care professionals. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. NGDF Frequently Asked Questions About Graves Disease An overview provided by the National Graves' Disease Foundation. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Graves' Disease What are the symptoms of Graves' Disease? http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. GRAVES DISEASE AND RAI Message board for people with this condition. Includes background information, personal stories, and links to related sites. http://groups.msn.com/GRAVESDISEASEANDRAI/

var nEditorialCatId = 96; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(' Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help GRAVES DISEASE AND RAI GRAVESDISEASEANDRAI@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now Home Graves' Disease ... Tools Welcome Purpose Here we discuss our experiences and treatment for Graves' Disease, Hashimoto's Disease, as well as other Autoimmune Diseases and health issues. However, the majority here have Graves' Disease or know someone that has Graves' Disease. Treatment This site is a support board for all treatments, however the majority here have done RAI. Once you have made your choice in treatment we will not try to talk you out of it or question your decision, whether it be RAI, Surgery, or ATDs. We have the right to make our own choices in treatments and to make our treatment options without harassment(s). However, unconventional treatments will be another matter. We will support through our education and our personal positive experience with Graves' Disease and RAI treatment. Personal Experiences We would like for every one to share their story so that we can learn from each other. You can post your story in the

10. Thyroid Disease Hypothyroidism - Hyperthyroidism Autoimmune About Thyroid Disease site, with conventional and alternative information on hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, Hashimoto's, Graves' Disease, nodules http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Pretibial Myxedema of a dermatology complication sometimes found in nonthyrotoxic graves disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and stasis dermatitis....... http://www.thedoctorsdoctor.com/diseases/pretibial_myxedema.htm

Background This is an uncommon complication of Grave's disease, occurring in 1-4% of patients. There is a diffuse, non-pitting edema and thickening of the skin usually on the anterior aspect of the lower legs spreading to the dorsum of the feet. Advanced cases may involve the upper trunk, upper extremities, face, neck, and ears. The lesions resolve very slowly. It occasionally occurs in non-thyrotoxic Grave's disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and stasis dermatitis. The serum contains circulating factors which stimulate fibroblasts to increase synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Biopsy of the skin reveals mucin in the mid to lower dermis. There is no increase in fibroblasts. With time, there may be secondary hyperkeratosis which may become verruciform. Many of these patients may also have co-existing stasis dermatitis. Elastic stains will reveal a reduction in elastic tissue. PATHOGENESIS CHARACTERIZATION TSH and TSH receptor antibody-binding sites in fibroblasts of pretibial myxedema are related to the extracellular domain of entire TSH receptor. Chang TC, Wu SL, Hsiao YL, Kuo ST, Chien LF, Kuo YF, Change CC, Chang TJ.

12. American Foundation Of Thyroid Patients Information On Thyroid American Foundation of Thyroid Patients provides information about thyroid graves' disease hashimotos, thyroid eye disease http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Thyroid Disease Manager, Your Source On Thyroid Disease complete, authoritative, constantly updated, down loadable source on all aspects of thyroid disease, hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis, thyroid http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Thyroid Federation International - Home Page in September 1995. The vision of a world thyroid organization to deal with the problems of thyroid disease in a global perspective was first http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. EMedicine - Graves Disease : Article By Sai-Ching Jim Yeung, MD, PhD, FACP graves disease graves disease, named after Robert J. Graves, MD, circa 1830s, is an autoimmune disease characterized by hyperthyroidism due to circulating http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic929.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Endocrinology Graves Disease Last Updated: July 28, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: diffuse toxic goiter thyrotoxicosis hyperthyroidism Basedow's disease ... systemic lupus erythematosus , thyroid antigens, thyroglobulin , thyroperoxidase, sodium-iodide symporter, TSH receptor, life-threatening thyrotoxic crisis thyroid storm Graves ophthalmopathy , thyroid acropachy, severe weight loss, osteoporosis apathetic hyperthyroidism cardiac hypertrophy , CTLA-4, pretibial myxedema , palpitation, nervousness, tremor, heat intolerance, hyperdefecation, inability to concentrate, proximal muscle weakness, easy fatigability with physical activity, proptosis , lid retraction, lacrimation, gritty sensation in the eye, photophobia, eye pain, diplopia hyperhidrosis increased sweating , restlessness, anxiety , irritability, insomnia thyrotoxic periodic paralysis onycholysis alopecia , hyperactive deep-tendon reflexes, brisk deep-tendon reflexes, hypokalemic periodic paralysis atrial fibrillation cardiomyopathy , elevated transaminases, lid lag , irregular menstrual periods, gynecomastia impotence decreased parathyroid hormone levels , decreased total cholesterol, decreased triglycerides, hand tremor, thyroid bruits, conjunctival injection, conjunctival chemosis

16. Thyroid Disease Information Source Bestselling Books, News Frequently Asked Questions on Graves' Disease Hyperthyroidism Thyroid Nodules, Lumps, Enlarged Thyroid, Goiter http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. EMedicine - Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Storm, And Graves Disease : Article By Crai Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Storm, and graves disease Hyperthyroidism, thyroid storm, and graves disease all produce elevated levels of thyroid hormone in http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic269.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Endocrine And Metabolic Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Storm, and Graves Disease Last Updated: May 11, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: thyroid hormone, thyroxine, T4, triiodothyronine, T3, elevated levels of thyroid hormone diffuse toxic goiter goiter exophthalmos ... congestive heart failure , thyromegaly, atrial fibrillation myopathy periodic paralysis thyroid bruit ... insulin-induced hypoglycemia , withdrawal of antithyroid medication, vigorous palpation of thyroid gland, thyroid hormone overdose toxemia of pregnancy AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Craig A Manifold, DO , Associate Program Director, Department of Emergency Medicine, Wilford Hall Medical Center Craig A Manifold, DO, is a member of the following medical societies:

18. BBC - Health - Ask The Doctor - Graves' Disease Dr Trisha Macnair talks about the symptoms of Graves' disease. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. The Management Of Graves' Disease In Children, With Special The Management of Graves' Disease in Children, with Special Emphasis on Radioiodine Treatment Scott A. Rivkees , Charles Sklar and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Hardin MD : Graves Disease & Hyperthyroidism From the University of Iowa, the *best* lists of Internet sources in Grave s Disease Hyperthyroid. http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/gravesdisease.html

A service of the University of Iowa Site Map Diseases Home ... Diseases Search Hardin MD See also: Home Endocrine Dis Thyroid Disease Popular Women's Health Dermatology Nursing Pharm Infect Disease AIDS +Pictures Addisons Disease +Pictures Autoimmune Diseases +Pictures Cushings Disease +Pictures Eye Diseases +Pictures Fibromyalgia +Pictures Goiter +Pictures Gout +Pictures Hashimotos Disease +Pictures High Blood Pressure +Pictures Hypothyroidism +Pictures Jaundice Pictures Lupus +Pictures Medical Pictures Melasma +Pictures Myasthenia +Pictures Skin Pictures Thyroid Disease +Pictures Yeast Infection +Pictures Graves Disease Pictures Graves Disease Symptoms Open Directory Project : Hyperthyroid (Other versions: Google Hyperthyroid : Graves' disease (Other versions: Google HONselect : Hyperthyroidism Health on the Net Foundation, Geneva, Switzerland LookSmart : Graves' disease or hyperthroidism Grave's disease Hyperthyroidism US Government ClinicalTrials.gov : Hyperthyroidism National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health Graves Disease Pictures Grave disease DermAtlas (Dermatology Image Atlas), Johns Hopkins Univ

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