61. Thyroid Gland A disease known as goiter results from the deficiency, although it has been virtually eliminated by the use of iodized salt. http://www.factmonster.com/ce6/sci/A0848665.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Children as Authors Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Encyclopedia thyroid gland thyroid gland, endocrine gland, situated in the neck, that secretes hormones necessary for growth and proper metabolism. It consists of two lobes connected by a narrow segment called the isthmus. The lobes lie on either side of the trachea, the isthmus in front of it. Thyroid tissue is composed of millions of tiny saclike follicles, which store thyroid hormone in the form of thyroglobulin, a glycoprotein. Blood capillaries attached to the gland yield a constant supply of plasma. The protein thyroglobulin is the chief component of the jellylike substance, called colloid, that is secreted by the follicles. It attaches to the thyroid hormone for storage purposes; when the hormone is ready to be released, the protein detaches itself. Before it is released into the bloodstream, the thyroid hormone is converted into thyroxine and small quantities of the other closely related thyroid hormones. The amount of thyroxine production (and therefore the metabolic rate) is dependent on a sufficient intake of iodine and on stimulation by thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the

62. Goiter A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland, which is a butterfly shaped gland in the front of the neck. A http://my.webmd.com/hw/health_guide_atoz/stg124260.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center XML News via RSS Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Health Tools Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Medical Library Our Content Sources Ask A Question Clinical Trials Health Guide A-Z Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... Support Organizations Goiter A goiter is an enlarged thyroid gland, which is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck. A goiter often causes a noticeable swelling in the neck. A goiter can be caused by a lack of iodine in the diet, a tumor or nodule on the gland, a thyroid disease, or, rarely, cancer. In many parts of the world, goiters are most common in people who have hypothyroidism, in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, related to a low-iodine diet.. In the United States, most people with goiters have chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's thyroiditis). An enlarged thyroid may produce normal amounts of thyroid hormone, or it may produce less- or greater-than-normal amounts. Treatment for a goiter depends on the underlying cause.

63. Understanding Goiter -- The Basics goiterA goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that is NOT associated with inflammation or . http://my.webmd.com/content/article/7/1680_53845.htm

WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center XML News via RSS Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Health Tools Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map Understanding Goiter the Basics WebMD Medical Reference The Basics Symptoms What Are Goiters? Goiters can be any one of several types of growths in the thyroid gland, located at the base of the front side of the neck just below the Adam's apple. In the case of Graves' disease, the entire thyroid gland becomes enlarged. Another type, called toxic nodular goiter, results when one or more nodules, or adenomas, develop in the thyroid and trigger excess production of thyroid hormone. A goiter may be a temporary problem that will remedy itself over time without medical intervention, or a symptom of another, possibly severe, thyroid condition that requires medical attention. What Causes Them? Goiters can occur when the thyroid gland produces either too much thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism) or not enough (hypothyroidism). Much more rarely, the problem may arise when the pituitary gland stimulates thyroid growth to boost production of the hormone. Another type of thyroid growth, called a sporadic goiter, can form if your diet includes too many goiter-promoting foods, such as soybeans, rutabagas, cabbage, peaches, peanuts and spinach. These foods can suppress the manufacture of thyroid hormone by interfering with your thyroid's ability to process iodide. Historically the most common cause used to be due to a lack of iodide in the diet, however in the 1920's iodized salt was introduced in the United States now making this a rare cause of goiters.

64. Goiter Definition - Thyroid: Health And Medical Information About Thyroid Diseas Thyroid information about Thyroid Disease, Treatment Therapies and Prevention, Covering topics such as Thyroid Cancer, Hashimoto s, Hyperthyroidism and http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3615

65. Goiter Definition goiter represents an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Prevalence Rare. Etiology Fetal goiter can be associated with hyperthyroidism, http://www.fetal-tumors.com/goiter.htm

Goiter Definition: Goiter represents an enlargement of the thyroid gland. Prevalence: Rare. Etiology: Fetal goiter can be associated with hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism or an euthyroid state. Goiter associated with hyperthyroidism can be the result of iodine excess or deficiency, intrauterine exposure to antithyroid drugs or congenital metabolic disorders of thyroid synthesis. Ultrasound features: The goiter is manifested as a solid, anteriorly located symmetric mass, that may result hyperextension of the fetal head. Polyhydramnios is common due to mechanical obstruction of the esophagus. Prognosis: Goiter may cause dystocia by extension of the fetal head during the process of labor. It can also cause upper airway obstruction, leading to acute respiratory failure. The prognosis depends on the basic cause of the goiter. Most cases of fetal goiters occur in women with a history of thyroid disease. Fetal blood sampling can aid in determining fetal thyroid status, especially in women suffering from Grave’s disease where a transplacental transfer of drugs or thyroid-stimulating antibodies may result in fetal goiter. Maternal therapy usually corrects fetal hyperthyroidism. Direct

66. Substernal Goiter  -  Otolaryngology Houston Chest xray and CT scan showing substernal goiter. http://www.ghorayeb.com/ThyroidSubsternal.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); Professional Information Office Information What is Otolaryngology? Post-Op Information ... Home Otolaryngolgy Houston WWW.GHORAYEB.COM Substernal Goiter This page was last updated on: September 4, 2005 Pictures Thyroidectomy FAQ Thyroidectomy Pics Lingual Thyroid ... Home

67. Substernal Goiter Surface Anatomy, Imaging And Surgical Pictures. Substernal goiter displacing the trachea and larynx, with imaging and surgical pictures, http://www.ghorayeb.com/ThyroidSubsternalSurfaceAnatomy.html

@import url(http://www.homestead.com/~media/elements/Text/font_styles.css); Otolaryngology Houston Bechara Y. Ghorayeb, MD 8830 Long Point, Suite 806 Houston, Texas 77055 Tel. 713 464 2614 Professional Information Office Information What is Otolaryngology? Post-Op Information ... Home This page was last updated: March 25, 2005 Substernal Goiter Surface Anatomy, Imaging and Surgical Pictures. Large left goiter, displacing the larynx and trachea to the right of the midline (green vertical line) and extending into the upper mediastinum, behind the left clavicle and manubrium of the sternum. CT scan of patient above, showing the enlarged left thyroid lobe (goiter) displacing the trachea to the right and compressing its lumen. AP chest film showing a substernal goiter displacing the trachea to the right and narrowing its lumen. Surgical photograph of above substernal goiter, removed via a cervical approach.  In this picture, the substernal component has been "delivered" and the whole left lobe has been retracted anteriorly outside the wound, while still attached to the trachea and isthmus. The photograph on the right shows the specimen mounted and properly oriented for the pathologist to perform a frozen section.

68. Thyroid Goiter: Symptoms And Treatments: BCM Dept Of Surgery Provides information on educational programs for undergraduates, medical students, residents, and health professionals. Also provides patient information on http://www.debakeydepartmentofsurgery.org/home/content.cfm?proc_name=thyroid goi

69. Diseases Info goiter, disease of the thyroid gland, characterized by an enlargement of the gland, In simple goiter the basal metabolic rate is somewhat lowered, http://phoenity.com/diseases/goiter.html

Diseases Info Skip to navigation Goiter Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Overview Alternative Symptoms names simple goiter; euthyroid goiter; nontoxic nodular goiter; nontoxic goiter; nontoxic diffuse goiter Definition An enlargement of the thyroid gland that is not associated with inflammation or cancer. Introduction Goiter, disease of the thyroid gland, characterized by an enlargement of the gland, visible externally as a swelling on the front of the neck. In simple goiter the basal metabolic rate is somewhat lowered, and in toxic goiter it is elevated. Simple Goiter Toxic Goiter This disease, also called exophthalmic goiter, hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, or Graves' disease, for the Irish physician Robert James Graves, is caused by an excess of thyroxine secretion. The cause of the excessive secretion is obscure. In some cases it may result from excessive stimulation by the pituitary gland. The symptoms of toxic goiter may include a rapid heartbeat, tremor, increased sweating, increased appetite, weight loss, weakness, and fatigue. Some patients have eye problems, such as staring or protrusion. Thiouracil and iodine are sometimes used in the treatment of toxic goiter, as is irradiation of the gland by radioactive iodine. Causes, incidence, and risk factors

70. MyThyroid.com: Toxic Multinodular Goiter Click here for Frequently Asked Questions on a Toxic Multinodular goiter. A multinodular goiter is simply a thyroid gland that is usually enlarged and http://www.mythyroid.com/toxicmultinodulargoiter.html

Toxic Multinodular Goiter SEARCH AND SITE MAP INTRODUCTION: DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS: HYPERTHYROIDISM: ... TESTS Click here for Frequently Asked Questions on a Toxic Multinodular Goiter. A multinodular goiter is simply a thyroid gland that is usually enlarged and contains multiple thyroid nodules. The nodules can be very small, often only a few millimeters in size, or the nodules can be larger, perhaps several cm each. There are generally two questions that need to be answered in patients with a multinodular goiter . The first question is usually: are all the nodules benign? The approach to this question depends on the clinical presentation, associated risk factors, the size of the nodules, and whether the nodules are functioning or non-functioning. Non-functioning or cold nodules within a multinodular gland generally carry the same risk of malignancy as a single isolated cold nodule (10-15% risk of thyroid cancer) and need to be approached diagnostically in a similar manner akin to the investigation of an isolated single cold nodule. The second question that needs to be answered relates to ascertainment of thyroid function in patients with a multinodular gland , as these patients often exhibit mild to moderate degrees of hyperthyroidism.

71. Introduction: Goiter - WrongDiagnosis.com Introduction to goiter as a medical condition including symptoms, diagnosis, misdiagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prognosis. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/g/goiter/intro.htm

Home Symptoms Diseases Risks ... Diseases Search our medical database Subscribe to our free Newsletter sample Send this page to a friend Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Goiter Next sections Basic Summary for Goiter Types of Goiter Causes of Goiter Risk Factors for Goiter ... Symptoms of Goiter Next chapters: Myxedema Multiple endocrine neoplasia Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3 ... Feedback Introduction: Goiter Goiter: Swollen neck thyroid gland Goiter: A swollen thyroid is called a goiter . Most goiters are caused by not enough iodine in the diet. Iodine is a substance found in shellfish and iodized salt. Researching symptoms of Goiter: Further information about the symptoms of Goiter is available including a list of symptoms of Goiter , other diseases that might have similar symptoms in differential diagnosis of Goiter , or alternatively return to research other symptoms in the symptom center Misdiagnosis and Goiter: Research more detailed information about misdiagnosis of Goiter underlying causes of Goiter (possibly misdiagnosed), or research

72. Symptoms Of Goiter - WrongDiagnosis.com Symptoms of goiter including signs, symptoms, incubation period, duration, and correct diagnosis. http://www.wrongdiagnosis.com/g/goiter/symptoms.htm

Home Symptoms Diseases Risks ... Goiter Search our medical database Subscribe to our free Newsletter sample Send this page to a friend Condition Lists By Organ By Symptom By Class By Prevalence ... List A-Z Current chapter: Goiter Next sections Misdiagnosis of Goiter Misdiagnosis of Underlying Causes of Goiter Misdiagnosis of Medication Causes of Goiter Treatments for Goiter ... Statistics about Goiter Next chapters: Myxedema Multiple endocrine neoplasia Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3 ... Feedback Symptoms of Goiter General information about symptoms of Goiter: The symptom information on this page attempts to provide a list of some possible symptoms of Goiter. This symptom information has been gathered from various sources, may not be fully accurate, and may not be the full list of symptoms of Goiter. Furthermore, symptoms of Goiter may vary on an individual basis for each patient. Only your doctor can provide adequate diagnosis of symptoms and whether they are indeed symptoms of Goiter. List of symptoms of Goiter: The list of symptoms mentioned in various sources for Goiter includes: Swollen front of the neck Protruding eyes More symptoms of Goiter: In addition to the above information, to get a full picture of the possible symptoms of this condition and its related conditions, it may be necessary to examine symptoms that may be caused by complications of Goiter

73. Hypogonadism Endocrinology Thyroid Disease goiter. Early goiter. Iodine replacement results in goiter regression. Late goiter. Thyroid Replacement required http://www.fpnotebook.com/END197.htm

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74. Kallmann's Syndrome Endocrinology Thyroid Disease goiter Multinodular. http://www.fpnotebook.com/END198.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement Endocrinology Sex Pituitary Disease Assorted Pages Ambiguous Genitalia Female Pseudohermaphroditism Male Pseudohermaphroditism True Hermaphroditism ... Gynecomastia Kallmann's Syndrome Fertile Eunuch Syndrome Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Practice Management Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter Endocrinology Index Adrenal Disease Dermatology Diabetes Mellitus Examination Ophthalmology Geriatric Medicine Growth Hematology and Oncology Hypoglycemia Laboratory General Metabolism Neurology Neonatology Obesity Obstetrics Parathyroid Disease Pediatrics Pharmacology Pituitary Disease Prevention Radiology Nephrology Sex Sports Medicine Surgery Symptom Evaluation Thyroid Disease Page Sex Index Ambiguous Genitalia Ambiguous Hermaphrodite Female Ambiguous Hermaphrodite Male Ambiguous Hermaphrodite True Gonadal Dysgenesis Klinefelter Gonadal Dysgenesis Turners Syndrome Hypogonadism Pituitary Kallmann Puberty Delay Puberty Delay Eugonadotropic Puberty Delay Hypergonadotropic Puberty Delay Hypogonadotropic Puberty Early Puberty Early Causes Puberty Early Causes Adrenarche Puberty Early Causes Thelarche Epidemiology: Prevalence Males: 1 in 7500 Females: 1 in 50,000

75. CCHS Clinical Digital Library Chapter 13 Nontoxic goiter and Thyroid Neoplasia Access document Additional goiter resources (These sites have not been reviewed. http://cchs-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/endocrinology/thyroid/goiter.htm

Clinical Resources by Topic: Endocrinology Goiter Clinical Resources Pediatrics Geriatrics Radiology Pathology ... Miscellaneous Resources See also: Thyroid Evaluation Clinical Resources General Endocrinology Clinical Resources Thyroid Disease Prevention and Screening Resources Goiter Patient/Family Resources Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Ed.-2005: Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 320. Disorders of the Thyroid Gland: Table of contents Introduction: Access document Thyroid Hormone Synthesis, Metabolism, and Action: Access document Goiter and Nodular Thyroid Disease: Access document Amiodarone Effects on Thyroid Function: Access document Thyroid Function in Pregnancy: Access document Further Reading: Access document Larsen: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology 10th Ed.-2003 (MD Consult): Table of contents Health Sciences Library subscription INFO Chapter 13 - Nontoxic Goiter and Thyroid Neoplasia: Access document Introduction: Access document Evaluation of Structural Abnormalities by Imaging Techniques: Access document External Scintiscanning: Access document Fluorescent Scan: Access document Ultrasonography: Access document Computed Tomography: Access document Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Access document Positron Emission Tomography: Access document Simple (Nontoxic) Goiter: Diffuse and Multinodular: Access document Introduction: Access document Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology: Access document Pathology: Access document Clinical Picture: Access document Laboratory Tests: Access document Imaging in Goiter Evaluation:

76. The Scoop On Smoking :: Goiter Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop goiter because a substance called thiocyanate in cigarette smoke interferes with the body s ability to http://thescooponsmoking.org/xhtml/effects/goiter.php

//to help browsers that don't like an empty tag The Scoop On Smoking from ACSH: what every teen should know about tobacco Health Effects Quitting True Stories Quizzes ... Advanced Search what every teen should know about tobacco This effect the bottom line definition all (for printing) Related effects endocrine endocrine system gateway page apple-shaped weight gain cancer of the pancreas ... endocrine gateway page goiter the bottom line Smokers are more likely than nonsmokers to develop goiter because a substance called thiocyanate in cigarette smoke interferes with the body's ability to make use of iodine from food. definition Goiter is a thyroid disease that is often easy to spot because it can cause a big swelling in the person's neck. There are several kinds of goiter, which have different causes. One kind is caused by not getting enough of the mineral iodine from food. This kind of goiter is rare in the United States because most people get enough iodine, either from foods that are naturally rich in iodine or from iodized salt. However, this kind of goiter is common in some other parts of the world where the amount of iodine in people's diets is lower. definition Goiter is a thyroid disease that is often easy to spot because it can cause a big swelling in the person's neck. There are several kinds of goiter, which have different causes. One kind is caused by not getting enough of the mineral iodine from food. This kind of goiter is rare in the United States because most people get enough iodine, either from foods that are naturally rich in iodine or from iodized salt. However, this kind of goiter is common in some other parts of the world where the amount of iodine in people's diets is lower.

77. Molly B.'s Goiter And Hyperthyroid Page This page describes in journal form my symptoms, the testing, diagnosis and treatment of multinodular goiter, thyroid cyst and hyperthyroidism including http://thyroid.trishs.net/goiter.html

Index Page Section one Goiter and Hyperthyroid - my personal experience story Ultrasound Comparison - results before and after thyroid treatment Misc. bits of thyroid information Frequently Asked Thyroid Questions Section two Answer my Thyroid Poll Thyroid Forum for discussions about thyroid disorders Miscellaneous information about this website Section three Links Email Molly b.'s Goiter and Hyperthyroid Page 1 I hope the following information will be of help to anyone who has a hyperthyroid condition. Hyperthyroid disorders don't always require the same treatment that I had. Multinodular goiter is treated differently than Graves' Disease - I had no medication options. Molly b. March, 2005 (checked and updated the links, added an update to page 5 of this section) May 1997: I went to a doctor about feeling faint, dry eyes and weight loss. A series of blood tests showed that I was hyperthyroid. An appointment with a specialist was scheduled for October. I was given a prescription for Ativan, to take as needed, for 'anxiety attacks' which were really just rapid heartbeat reactions caused by the hyperthyroid symptoms. Five months is a very long time to be hyperthyroid with no treatment. Long term untreated hyperthyroidism can result in heart damage and more. If you have a hyperthyroid condition, don't delay getting it treated. I wouldn't have waited 5 months, if I'd had a choice. (This is what health 'cutbacks' do.)

78. Goiter DESIGN goiter, signs of vitamin A deficiency, and biochemical markers of thyroid, RESULTS The goiter rate was 22. 3%. The median urinary iodine http://www.ithyroid.com/goiter.htm

Goiter GOITER Am J Clin Nutr 2000 Jan;71(1):59-66 Endemic goiter with iodine sufficiency: a possible role for the consumption of pearl millet in the etiology of endemic goiter. Elnour A, Hambraeus L, Eltom M, Dramaix M, Bourdoux P Department of Medical Sciences, Nutrition, Uppsala University, Sweden. PMID: 10617947, UI: 20084751

79. Goiter Another mineral deficiency that is associated with goiter is iron. The following study indicates that iron helps to reduce goiter size. http://www.ithyroid.com/goiter1.htm

Goiter GOITER Goiter is a swelling of the thyroid gland and it can become painful and interfere with swallowing. I believe that goiter is the normal response of the body to increase thyroid size and output when mineral deficiencies prevent the thyroid from being able to make enough hormone. The two main mineral deficiencies which are known to cause goiter are iodine and selenium. Please see the pages on both of these two minerals and the article on selenium and iodine interaction. Another mineral deficiency that is associated with goiter is iron. The following study indicates that iron helps to reduce goiter size. This is excellent evidence that iron is critical for thyroid function and that iron-deficiency anemia is often an important factor in causing hypothyroidism. Eur J Endocrinol 2000 Mar;142(3):217-223 Iron supplementation in goitrous, iron-deficient children improves their response to oral iodized oil. Zimmermann M, Adou P, Torresani T, Zeder C, Hurrell R. Human Nutrition Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland. michael.zimmermann@ilw.agrl.ethz.ch

80. Goiter News goiter News continually updated from thousands of sources around the net. http://www.topix.net/health/goiter

Advanced Search Enter ZIP, City or News Search Goiter News All Channels Front Page Autos Business ... XML Health ADHD Alcoholism Allergy Alzheimer's ... more... Goiter News continually updated from thousands of sources around the net. Front Page Health News Goiter AIDS Patients on Antiretrovirals Should Get Routine Thyroid Testing Thyroid 101 Basics/Site Map/Start Here Weight Loss and Diet Information Center Hypothyroid/No Thyroid Info Center QUIZ: Is Your Thyroid Making You Fat? Need Dr. Topics: Thyroid Medicine Medication Hypothyroidism ... Anti-Thyroid Drug Update Anti-thyroid drugs or ATDs represent a class of drugs commonly used to reduce thyroid hormone levels. Topics: Thyroid Medicine Medication Hyperthyroidism ... Deciphering the Thyroid Riddle Patients who have thyroid disease often present with a wide range of vague and varying symptoms, which often complicate proper diagnosis and management. Topics: Thyroid Medicine Hypothyroidism Synthroid ... Hyperthyroidism Thyroid problems affect an estimated 27 million Americans, the vast majority of them women. Topics: Pregnancy Thyroid Medicine Medication ... Causes of Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis Hyperthyroidism is a condition caused by high thyroid hormone levels. Hyperthyroidism is usually caused by disorders in which thyroid cells trap excess iodine and produce too much thyroid hormone.

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