1. Thyroid Goiter: Definition, Diagnosis, Dangers, And Treatments. Describes the causes of thyroid enlargement. Contains photos and illustrations. By EndocrineWeb. http://www.endocrineweb.com/goiter.html

The term nontoxic goiter refers to enlargement of the thyroid which is not associated with overproduction of thyroid hormone or malignancy. The thyroid can become very large so that it can easily be seen as a mass in the neck. This picture depicts the outline of a normal size thyroid in black and the greatly enlarged goiter in pink. There are a number of factors which may cause the thyroid to become enlarged. A diet deficient in iodine can cause a goiter but this is rarely the cause because of the readily available iodine in our diets. A more common cause of goiter in America is an increase in thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in response to a defect in normal hormone synthesis within the thyroid gland. The thyroid stimulating hormone comes from the pituitary and causes the thyroid to enlarge. This enlargement usually takes many years to become manifest. This picture depicts the typical appearance of a goiter in a middle aged woman. Note how her entire neck looks swollen because of the large thyroid. This mass will compress the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (swallowing tube) leading to symptoms such as coughing, waking up from sleep feeling like you cant breath, and the sensation that food is getting stuck in the upper throat. Once a goiter gets this big, surgical removal is the only means to relieve the symptoms. Yes, sometimes they can get a lot bigger than this! INDICATIONS FOR TREATMENT Most small to moderate sized goiters can be treated by providing thyroid hormone in the form of a pill.

2. EMedicine - Goiter : Article By James R Mulinda, MD, FACP, FACE Describes the background, pathophysiology, frequency, and clinical features of thyroid enlargement. By eMedicine. http://www.emedicine.com/MED/topic916.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Endocrinology Goiter Last Updated: August 11, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: thyroid gland goiter nontoxic goiter toxic goiter multinodular goiter ... iodine , enlarged thyroid gland, inborn errors of thyroid hormone synthesis iodine deficiency , goitrogens, TSH receptor antibodies, pituitary resistance to thyroid hormone, adenomas of hypothalamus, adenomas of pituitary gland , tumors producing human chorionic gonadotropin, autoimmune thyroiditis Hashimoto disease thyroid cancer hyperthyroidism ... thyroid nodules , swelling in the neck, dysphagia stridor , plethora, hoarseness, dyspnea, Graves disease Hashimoto thyroiditis Reidel struma toxic multinodular goiter ... toxic adenoma , Plummer disease, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis sporadic goiter congenital goiter physiologic goiter , Pemberton maneuver, postpartum thyroiditis Wolff-Chaikoff effect lithium ingestion , pituitary thyroid hormone resistance, thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins, thyroid hormone resistance, de Quervain thyroiditis , silent thyroiditis, Riedel thyroiditis , granulomatous disease, thyroid malignancy AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: James R Mulinda, MD, FACP, FACE

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4. Welcome To Goiter Cure Clinic Homeopathy, information, treatment, contact information and success stories. http://www.geocities.com/goiterpk

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5. AllRefer Health - Toxic Nodular Goiter (Plummer's Disease, Toxic Adenoma, Toxic Contains an overview, causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, prevention, and treatment. http://health.allrefer.com/health/toxic-nodular-goiter-info.html

AllRefer Channels :: Yellow Pages Reference Health Home ... Contact Us Quick Jump ADD/ADHD Allergies Alzheimer's Disease Arthritis Asthma Back Pain Breast Cancer Cancer Colon Cancer Depression Diabetes Gallbladder Disease Heart Attack Hepatitis High Cholesterol HIV/AIDS Hypertension Lung Cancer Menopause Migraines/Headaches Osteoporosis Pneumonia Prostate Cancer SARS Stroke Urinary Tract Infection 1600+ More Conditions Alternative Medicine Health News Symptoms Guide Special Topics ... Medical Encyclopedia Web health.allrefer.com You are here : AllRefer.com Health Toxic Nodular Goiter Toxic Nodular Goiter Definition Prevention Treatment Expectations or Prognosis ... Go To Main Page Alternate Names : Plummer's Disease, Toxic Adenoma, Toxic Multinodular Goiter Definition Toxic nodular goiter involves an enlarged thyroid gland that contains a small rounded mass or masses called nodules, which produce too much thyroid hormone. Thyroid Enlargement - Scintiscan Thyroid Gland Toxic nodular goiter arises from a long-standing simple goiter and occurs most often in the elderly. Symptoms are those of hyperthyroidism , but the protruding eyeballs seen in Graves' disease do not occur. Risk factors include being female and over 60 years old. This disorder is never seen in children.

6. Avian Goiter (Thyroid Hyperplasia Or Dysplasia) An enlargement of the thyroid observed in many species of birds, including pigeons, canaries, budgerigars, and wild birds. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/VM029

Whole Document Navigator (Click Here) Top of Document Footnotes Avian Goiter (Thyroid Hyperplasia or Dysplasia) Gary D. Butcher, D.V.M., Ph.D, and Curtis C. Beck Thyroid hyperplasia is an enlargement of the thyroid glands due to abnormal proliferation of the epithelial cells lining the follicles. The glands are located in the neck region. Thyroid hyperplasia has been observed in many species of birds, including pigeons, canaries, budgerigars, and wild birds. It is the most common disease of the thyroid gland in the budgerigar. Several conditions associated with damage to the thyroid gland result in goiter. The most common is a dietary iodine deficiency. Substances called goitrogenic agents, which interfere with the normal production of thyroxine by the thyroid glands, may also result in the disease. Feeds containing goitrogenic agents include soybean, flax, rapeseed, kale, cabbage, broccoli, and turnips. Septicemic diseases with an acute onset may affect the thyroid glands causing inflammation and hyperplasia. Exposure to toxic levels of organosphosphates or chlorinated biphenols may also result in enlargement and hyperplasia of the glands. An inadequate level of iodine in the diet leads to a lack of available iodine in the thyroid glands. Iodine is needed for the production of thyroxine. When low levels of thyroxine are in the bloodstream, the brain sends signals to the thyroid glands causing a proliferation of follicular epithelial cells. These cells are responsible for thyroxine production. Hyperplasia of the thyroid gland is a response to the body's need to produce more thyroxine. With sustained iodine deficiency, the signals continue to stimulate epithelial cell proliferation and produce thyroid enlargement.

7. _GOITER.de - Windsurfing New year, new layout welcome to goiter.de! Perhaps you still know the old layout of goiter.de. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Goiter A simple goiter usually occurs when the thyroid gland is not able to produce A goiter is a benign (harmless) process. Simple goiters may disappear http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001178.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Goiter Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Thyroid enlargement - scintiscan Thyroid gland Definition Return to top A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that is NOT associated with inflammation or cancer Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top There are different kinds of goiters. A simple goiter usually occurs when the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone to meet the body's requirements. The thyroid gland compensates by enlarging, which usually overcomes mild deficiencies of thyroid hormone. A simple goiter may be classified as either an endemic (colloid) goiter or a sporadic (nontoxic) goiter. Endemic goiters occur within groups of people living in geographical areas with iodine-depleted soil, usually regions away from the sea coast. People in these communities might not get enough iodine in their diet. (Iodine is vital to the formation of thyroid hormone.) The modern use of iodized table salt in the U.S. prevents this deficiency; however, it is still common in central Asia and central Africa. In most cases of sporadic goiter the cause is unknown. Occasionally, certain medications such as lithium or aminoglutethimide can cause a nontoxic goiter.

9. Thyroid Goiter Definition, Diagnosis, Dangers, And Treatments. The term nontoxic goiter refers to enlargement of the thyroid which is not associated with overproduction of thyroid hormone or malignancy. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Colloid Nodular Goiter Colloid nodular goiter is the enlargement of an otherwise normal thyroid gland. A colloid nodular goiter occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to meet http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000383.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Colloid nodular goiter Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Endocrine glands Thyroid enlargement - scintiscan Thyroid gland Alternative names Return to top Endemic goiter Definition Return to top Colloid nodular goiter is the enlargement of an otherwise normal thyroid gland. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top When the thyroid gland is unable to make enough thyroid hormone, it may attempt to compensate by enlarging. Thyroid enlargement may also be caused by certain environmental factors. A colloid nodular goiter occurs when the thyroid gland is unable to meet the metabolic demands of the body with sufficient hormone production. The thyroid gland compensates by enlarging, which usually overcomes mild deficiencies of thyroid hormone. If the thyroid gland is then re-exposed to iodine, the nodules may produce thyroid hormone independently. Occasionally, the nodules may produce too much thyroid hormone, causing thyrotoxicosis. This is called a toxic nodular goiter Colloid nodular goiters are also known as endemic goiters and are usually caused by inadequate iodine in diet . They tend to occur in certain geographical areas with iodine-depleted soil, usually areas away from the sea coast. An area is defined as endemic for goiter if more than 10 % of children aged 6 to 12 years have goiters.

11. Management Of Simple Nodular Goiter Current Status And Future Management of Simple Nodular goiter Current Status and Future Perspectives Laszlo Heged s , Steen J. Bonnema and Finn N. Bennedb k http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Goiter - MayoClinic.com goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland due to a variety of causes. The condition can cause difficulty swallowing or breathing. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00217

13. Management Of Simple Nodular Goiter Current Status And Future Management of Simple Nodular goiter Current Status and Future Perspectives Laszlo Heged s , Steen J. Bonnema and Finn N. Bennedb k http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Welcome To The National Graves Disease Foundation Educational organization open exclusively to people with Graves' disease, their families, friends and health care professionals. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. EMedicine - Goiter, Toxic Nodular : Article By Asra Kermani, MBBS goiter, Toxic Nodular Toxic nodular goiter (TNG) is the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism after Graves disease in the Western world. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic920.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Endocrinology Goiter, Toxic Nodular Last Updated: May 23, 2002 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: toxic nodular goiter, TNG, toxic multinodular goiter, Plummer disease, Plummer's disease, toxic uninodular goiter, autonomously functioning thyroid nodule, toxic adenoma, hyperthyroidism, Graves disease, Graves' disease, iodine deficiency, Jod-Basedow phenomenon AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Asra Kermani, MBBS , Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School Coauthor(s): Philip R Orlander, MD , Director of Endocrinology and Metabolism Fellowship, Director, Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Asra Kermani, MBBS, is a member of the following medical societies:

16. THYROID DISEASE Pathology lecture notes and pictures of goiter, including cancer. http://www.pathguy.com/lectures/thyroid.htm

THYROID DISEASE Ed Friedlander, M.D., Pathologist scalpel_blade@yahoo.com Cyberfriends: The help you're looking for is probably here. Welcome to Ed's Pathology Notes, placed here originally for the convenience of medical students at my school. You need to check the accuracy of any information, from any source, against other credible sources. I cannot diagnose or treat over the web, I cannot comment on the health care you have already received, and these notes cannot substitute for your own doctor's care. I am good at helping people find resources and answers. If you need me, send me an E-mail at scalpel_blade@yahoo.com Your confidentiality is completely respected. DoctorGeorge.com is a larger, full-time service. There is also a fee site at myphysicians.com , and another at www.afraidtoask.com Translate this page automatically With one of four large boxes of "Pathguy" replies. I'm still doing my best to answer everybody. Sometimes I get backlogged, sometimes my E-mail crashes, and sometimes my literature search software crashes. If you've not heard from me in a week, post me again. I send my most challenging questions to the medical student pathology interest group, minus the name, but with your E-mail where you can receive a reply. Slice of Life videodisk. No medical student should be without access to this wonderful resource. Someday you may be able to access these pictures directly from this page.

17. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Goiter A simple goiter may be classified as either an endemic (colloid) goiter or a sporadic (nontoxic) goiter. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Goiter A complete explanation of goiter including risks, what to expect and when to call the doctor. http://www.healthsquare.com/mc/fgmc9008.htm

Privacy About Linking Advertising Advertisement Home Conditions and Treatments Goiter Guide to Prescription Drugs Encyclopedia of Medicine Drugs and Medicines Advertisement HEALTH INFORMATION CENTER AIDS / HIV Allergies ... Urological Conditions Goiter From Our Sponsors WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW Goiter is the medical term for enlargement of the thyroid gland. A butterfly shaped structure located in the front, lower section of the neck, the thyroid controls the speed at which the body's metabolism operates. In children, the thyroid is essential for normal growth and development. Goiter is often merely a symptom of a more serious thyroid condition, such as: Hyperthyroidism , an overactive thyroid gland; Hypothyroidism , an underactive thyroid gland; Thyrotoxicosis , an excessive amount of thyroid hormone in the bloodstream; Graves' disease (also known as toxic diffuse goiter or exophthalmic goiter ), a form of hyperthyroidism. If a child is born with an enlarged thyroid gland, it is referred to as congenital goiter . In some cases, a child may have

19. Goiter A complete explanation of goiter including risks, what to expect and when to call the doctor http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Goiter - Vitacost goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland that often produces a noticeable swelling in the front of the neck. http://www.vitacost.com/science/hn/Concern/Goiter.htm

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