1. Musculoskeletal Radiology Of Fractures Overview of fractures in musculoskeletal radiology. http://www.gentili.net/fracturemain.asp

Musculoskeletal Radiology of Fractures Click on the image to select the area of interest Foot and Ankle Basketball Foot (Subtalar Dislocation) Lisfranc Fracture-Dislocation Pilon Fracture Trimalleolar Fracture ... Charcot Joint Spine Clay Shoveler's Fracture Dens Fracture Extension Teardrop Fracture Flexion Tear Drop Fracture ... Compression Fracture (Lumbar) Pelvis Avulsion Fracture (Pelvis) Duverney Fracture Straddle Injury Sacral Fracture ... Pathologic Fracture (Femur) Hand and Wrist Chauffeur (Backfire) Colles Fracture Barton Fracture Reverse Barton Fracture ... Gamekeeper's Thumb Elbow Capitellum Fracture Medial Epicondyle Fracture (Humerus) Supracondylar Fracture (Humerus) Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury ... Greenstick Fracture Knee Pelligrini-Stieda Disease Patellar Fracture Segond Fracture Tibial Fracture (PCL Avulsion) ... Tibial Shaft Fracture Skull Blowout Fracture Maxillary Sinus Fracture Mandible Fracture Shoulder Fractures Clavicle Fracture Coracoid Fracture Glenoid Fracture Acromioclavicular Joint Separation ... Pathologic Fracture (Humerus) Hip fractures Avulsion Fracture (Pelvis) Duverney Fracture Straddle Injury Sacral Fracture ... Pathologic Fracture (Femur)

2. The Physician And Sportsmedicine Indepth article with descriptions and x-ray photos of fractures of the ankle and hind foot. http://www.physsportsmed.com/issues/sep_96/thordar.htm

3. MedlinePlus: Fractures Provides extensive links to articles on fractures. Also features a search engine. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/fractures.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Fractures Contents of this page: Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms Treatment Prevention/Screening ... Seniors Search MEDLINE/PubMed for recent research articles on Fractures You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Ankle Injuries and Disorders Bone Diseases Elbow Injuries and Disorders Foot Injuries and Disorders ... Injuries and Wounds Overviews Fractures (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) Also available in: Spanish Fractures and Sprains (Patient Education Institute) - Requires Flash Player Also available in: Spanish JAMA Patient Page: Bone Fractures (American Medical Association) Diagnosis/Symptoms Bone Scan: Using Nuclear Medicine to Look for Bone Abnormalities (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) Radiography (X-Ray): Bone (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) What You Should Know about Your Chest X-Ray (Cleveland Clinic Foundation) Treatment Care of Casts and Splints (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) Also available in: Spanish Internal Fixation for Fractures (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons) What Can You Tell Me about Bone and Tissue Transplantation?

4. STRESS FRACTURES IN FEMALE RUNNERS Online health report from Dr. Gabe Mirkin on common injury of women runners stress fractures. http://www.drmirkin.com/archive/6635.html

STRESS FRACTURES IN FEMALE RUNNERS Report #6635 Forty-five percent of competitive female runners develop stress fractures, small cracks on the surface of the bones in their legs and feet. The women most likely to suffer these injuries are those who restrict food and those who have irregular periods. Restricting food can stop a woman from menstruating regularly, which can stop her body from producing the female hormone, estrogen. Lack of estrogen weakens bones. Exercise does not cause irregular periods, not eating enough food does. Women who stop menstruating when they exercise heavily will usually start to menstruate regularly when they eat more food. Some women who suffer stress fractures will not heal until they take estrogen or other bone strengthening medications such as etidronate. Stress fractures usually start out as a minor discomfort in the foot or leg, that occurs near the end of a long run. Usually the pain goes away as soon as the athlete stops running. On the next day, the pain returns earlier in the run. If she notices that it hurts to touch just one spot on a bone and then stops running for a week, she can return to running quickly, but usually she ignores the pain and develops a full- blown stress fracture and hurts all the time. She now has to avoid the hard pounding of running, but can ride a bike or swim for exercise until the fracture heals in 6 to 12 weeks. The most common sites for stress fractures are the bones in the front of the feet, and the long bone of the lower leg, but running can cause stress fractures anywhere, even in the pelvic bones. I often prescribe bone strengthening medications such as Fosamax or Evista to people with stress fractures that do not heal in six months.

5. Falls And Hip Fractures, Facts - NCIPC Article from the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/falls.htm

Tool Kit Intro and Fact Sheets Fractures Brochures Figures Maps Unintentional Injury Overview Fact Sheets Falls and Hip Fractures Among Older Adults How serious is the problem? More than one-third of adults ages 65 years and older fall each year (Hornbrook 1994; Hausdorff 2001). Among older adults, falls are the leading cause of injury deaths (Murphy 2000) and the most common cause of nonfatal injuries and hospital admissions for trauma (Alexander 1992). In 2001, more than 1.6 million seniors were treated in emergency departments for fall-related injuries and nearly 388,000 were hospitalized (CDC 2003). What outcomes are linked to falls? In 2001, more than 11,600 people ages 65 and older died from fall-related injuries (CDC 2003). More than 60% of people who die from falls are 75 and older (Murphy 2000). Of those who fall, 20% to 30% suffer moderate to severe injuries such as hip fractures or head traumas that reduce mobility and independence, and increase the risk of premature death (Sterling 2001). Among people ages 75 years and older, those who fall are four to five times more likely to be admitted to a long-term care facility for a year or longer (Donald 1999).

6. Stress Fractures In Female Athletes An article discussing stress fractures (like shin splints) occurring more often in female athletes than male athletes. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/979332792.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Sports Medicine Women's Health Musculoskeletal Disorders By keywords: stress fractures women athletes female athletes Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Stress Fractures in Female Athletes Stress fractures have two primary causes. They result from excessive bone strain resulting in microdamage to the bone coupled with an inability to keep up with appropriate repair of the bone, or a depressed response to normal strain at the cellular and molecular levels where bone remodeling occurs. The former occurs most often in otherwise healthy female athletes and military recruits, while the latter is likely to occur with other physical problems, such as osteoporosis. There were 2.4 million high school girls competing in sports in 1997, an 800% increase over 1971. And stress fractures occur more often in female athletes than male athletes. The risk of stress fractures in female recruits in the US military is up to 10 times higher than men undergoing the same training program. There are many contributing factors to the greater frequency of stress fractures in women. Male athletes may have greater muscle mass, which absorbs shock better. In a study of female athletes, decreased calf girth was a predictor of stress fractures of the tibia. The larger width of male bones may also absorb shock better.

7. Fractures And Broken Bone Information Comprehensive information about broken bones, and many resources to help understand and treat this common orthopedic condition. http://orthopedics.about.com/health/orthopedics/blfracture.htm

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8. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Broken Bone Definition of types of fractures, their symptoms, treatment and prevention. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000001.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Broken bone Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Considerations ... References Illustrations X-ray Fracture types (1) Fracture, forearm - X-ray External fixation device ... Bone fracture repair - series Alternative names Return to top Bone - broken; Fracture; Stress fracture Definition Return to top If more pressure is put on a bone than it can stand, it will split or break. A break of any size is called a fracture. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open fracture (compound fracture). A stress fracture is a hairline crack in the bone that develops because of repeated or prolonged forces against the bone. Considerations Return to top It is hard to tell a dislocated bone from a broken bone. However, both are emergency situations, and the basic first aid steps are the same. Causes Return to top The following are common causes of broken bones: Fall from a height Motor vehicle accidents Direct blow Child abuse Repetitive forces, such as those caused by running, can cause stress fractures of the foot, ankle, tibia, or hip

9. The Facts About Broken Bones Doctors describe fractures in the following ways. A complete fracture is when the bone has broken into two pieces. A greenstick fracture is when the bone http://kidshealth.org/kid/ill_injure/aches/broken_bones.html

KidsHealth Kids Your bones are tough stuff - but even tough stuff can break. Like a wooden pencil, bones will bend under strain. But if the pressure is too much, or too sudden, bones can snap. You can break a bone by falling off a skateboard or crashing down from the monkey bars. When a bone breaks it is called a fracture (say: frak -chur). There's more than one way to break or fracture a bone. A break can be anything from a hairline fracture (a thin break in the bone) to the bone that's snapped in two pieces like a broken tree branch. Doctors describe fractures in the following ways: A complete fracture is when the bone has broken into two pieces. A greenstick fracture is when the bone cracks on one side only, not all the way through. A single fracture is when the bone is broken in one place. A comminuted (say: kah-muh- noot -ed) fracture is when the bone is broken into more than two pieces or crushed. A bowing fracture , which only happens in kids, is when the bone bends but doesn't break. An open fracture is when the bone is sticking through the skin What Happens When You Break a Bone?

10. Broken Hip - Hip Fracture Hip fractures are an unfortunate injury most often requires surgical treatment. Learn about this injury and treatment options. http://orthopedics.about.com/cs/hipsurgery/a/brokenhip.htm

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11. Distal Humerus Fractures - Supracondylar Fractures Article by Alan S. Miller, MD describing one of most common fractures of the elbow in the 3 11 year old child. http://www.embbs.com/ortho/suprc.html

Distal Humerus fractures - Supracondylar fractures by Alan S. Miller, M.D. I. Epidemiology Supracondylar fractures are the most common fractures about the elbow in children with this fracture occurring most commonly in the 3 - 11 year old child. The usual mechanism is for the child to fall with an extended elbow causing posterior displacement (extension type fracture - 95% of displaced supracondylar fractures). Twenty to thirty percent of all supracondylar fractures exhibit little or no displacement and approximately twenty five percent of supracondylar fractures are of the greenstick type. The collateral ligaments and the anterior capsule in children are quite strong thus ligamentous tears without fractures are quite rare. II. Clinical Exam Children who present with nondisplaced supracondylar fractures may initially have minimal swelling. The young child may present with vague pain so that the differential diagnosis may include nursemaid's elbow, occult fractures of the radial head, condyle fractures or a septic joint. Children with supracondylar extension fractures may have a prominent olecranon with the distal humeral fragment palpated posteriorly and superiorly because of the pull of the posterior tricep muscle. Patients with a supracondylar flexion fracture may carry their elbow flexed with loss of the olecranon prominence. Pearls in elbow X - rays: a. Consider a displaced anterior fat pad or the presence of a posterior fat pad on a lateral elbow X - ray to be consistent with a fracture until proven otherwise.

12. Cervical Spine Fractures Describing cspine fractures with illustrations. Hughston Sports Medicine Foundation. http://www.hughston.com/hha/a.cspine.htm

Cervical Spine Fractures The human spine comprises 24 vertebrae, or small bones containing the spinal cord. These vertebrae are grouped into three sections according to location: cervical spine (neck), thoracic spine (middle back), and lumbar spine (lower back). Soft tissues, such as ligaments (tissues that connect bones), muscles, and skin, surround and support the spine. Seven vertebrae form the cervical spine. This section of the spine connects the base of the head to the thorax (trunk and shoulders) and, with the help of soft tissues, supports the head. A fracture (break) of the cervical spine is commonly referred to as a broken neck. Most injuries that involve the neck or cervical spine are the result of a violent collision that compresses the cervical spine against the shoulders. This force can be so great that a vertebra fractures or even bursts into small fragments (Fig. 2, normal C-spine; Fig. 3, fractured C5) . For example, striking your head against the bottom of a pool in shallow water or “spear”" tackling using the crown of your helmet to stop an opposing football player can fracture the cervical spine (Fig. 4)

13. The Facts About Fractures And Broken Bones Doctors describe fractures in the following ways A complete fracture is when the bone has broken into two pieces. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. EMedicine Emergency Medicine : - Online Medical Textbooks And Physician Referenc Discussion of causes, diagnosis and treatment, from eMedicine. http://emedicine.com/cgi-bin/foxweb.exe/showsection@d:/em/ga?book=emerg&topi

15. MedlinePlus Fractures Provides extensive links to articles on fractures. Also features a search engine. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Dem Bones Hip Fractures Dangerous For Elderly Men Osteoporosis is less common in men, but when it does occur it can have serious effects. Dr. Dean, HealthCentral. http://www.healthcentral.com/drdean/DeanFullTextTopics.cfm?ID=15328

17. National Osteoporosis Foundation Fighting osteoporosis and promoting bone health. Includes news, resources for patients and professionals, and information on advocacy and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Musculoskeletal Radiology Of Fractures fractures in Musculoskeletal Radiology. Musculoskeletal Radiology of fractures. Click on the image to select the area of interest or select from the http://www.gentili.net/fracturemain1.asp

Skull Chest Spine Shoulder ... Fracture by Profession Musculoskeletal Radiology of Fractures Click on the image to select the area of interest or select from the list on the right Chest Rib Tibia and Fibula Pilon Fracture Tibia and Fibula Fractures Triplane Fracture Weber A Fracture ... Trimalleolar Fracture Spine Clay Shoveler's Fracture Dens Fracture Extension Teardrop Fracture of C2 Hangman's Fracture ... Compression Fracture (Lumbar) Femur Hip Fracture-Dislocation Femoral Neck Fracture Intertrochanteric Fracture Proximal Femur Fracture ... Pathologic Fracture (Femur) Radius and Ulna Chauffeur (Backfire) Fracture Bankart Colles Fracture Smith Fracture Barton Fracture ... Greenstick Fracture Elbow Capitellum Fracture Medial Epicondyle Fracture (Humerus) Supracondylar Fracture (Humerus) Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury ... Greenstick Fracture Knee Pelligrini-Stieda Disease Patellar Fracture Segond Fracture Tibial Fracture (PCL Avulsion) ... Tibial Shaft Fracture Skull Blowout Fracture Maxillary Sinus Fracture Mandible Fracture Shoulder Clavicle Fracture Acromioclavicular Joint Separation Coracoid Fracture Glenoid Fracture ... Hill-Sachs Fracture Humerus Proximal Humerus Fracture Pathologic Fracture (Humerus) Humerus Fracture Pelvis and Hip Avulsion Fracture (Pelvis) Duverney Fracture Straddle Injury Sacral Fracture ... Pathologic Fracture (Femur) Foot and Ankle Tibia and Fibula Fractures Pilon Fracture Trimalleolar Fracture Triplane Fracture ... Phalangeal Fracture (Foot) Hand and Wrist Chauffeur (Backfire) Fracture Bankart Colles Fracture Smith Fracture Barton Fracture ... Volar Plate Fracture Pelvis and Hip

19. NIH ORBD-NRC - Osteoporosis And Related Bone Diseases Information to health care professionals, patients and the public about metabolic bone diseases. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. EMedicine Health - Broken Elbow Overview You are in Breaks, fractures, and Dislocations Serious injuries, such as fractures (a bone break) and dislocations, can damage the bones and http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

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