1. Ae extrapontine myelinolysis. Findings Axial CT images with and without contrast central pontine/extrapontine myelinolysis, ADEM, MS less likely http://www.med.uc.edu/neurorad/webpage/ffa.html

Extrapontine Myelinolysis Findings: Axial CT images with and without contrast demonstrate patchy areas of symmetric low attenuation in the pons, thalami, and basal ganglia, without enhancement. Differential Diagnosis: central pontine/extrapontine myelinolysis, ADEM, MS less likely Discussion: Central pontine myelinolysis occurs infrequently when electrolyte disorders are corrected too quickly, and manifests clinically as spastic paraparesis, pseudobulbar palsy, or "locked in" syndrome. While the majority of cases are caused by rapid correction of hyponatremia or associated with alcoholism, a variety of electrolyte and metabolic disorders may have a role in CPM. Characteristic imaging features include symmetric hypodensity or signal abnormality in the pontine transverse fibers. These attenuation abnormalities can extend into the deep gray structures in up to 50%. BACK TO UNKNOWNS BACK TO CATEGORIES HOME

2. Parkinsonism And Dystonia In Central Pontine And Extrapontine Parkinsonism and dystonia in central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Central Pontine And Extrapontine Myelinolysis: The Osmotic Demyelination Syndrom CENTRAL PONTINE AND extrapontine myelinolysis THE OSMOTIC DEMYELINATION SYNDROMES.RJ Martin. Correspondence to Dr RJ Martin http://jnnp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/extract/75/suppl_3/iii22

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced] This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a response ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Martin, R J Related Collections Neurology in Practice Other Neurology Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry CENTRAL PONTINE AND EXTRAPONTINE MYELINOLYSIS: THE OSMOTIC DEMYELINATION SYNDROMES R J Martin Correspondence to: Dr R J Martin Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK; roswell.martin@gloucr-tr.swest.nhs.uk Keywords: central pontine myelinolysis; extra-pontine myelinolysis; osmotic demyelination syndromes The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

4. Parkinsonism And Dystonia In Central Pontine And Extrapontine Keywords central pontine myelinolysis; extrapontine myelinolysis; parkinsonism; dystonia http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Central Pontine And Extrapontine Myelinolysis: The Osmotic Demyelination Syndrom in a new window, Table 1 Lesions of central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) andextrapontine myelinolysis (EPM) (in descending order of frequency)3 http://jnnp.bmjjournals.com/cgi/content/full/75/suppl_3/iii22

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced] This Article Extract Full Text (PDF) Submit a response ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Martin, R J Related Collections Neurology in Practice Other Neurology Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry BMJ Publishing Group Ltd CENTRAL PONTINE AND EXTRAPONTINE MYELINOLYSIS: THE OSMOTIC DEMYELINATION SYNDROMES R J Martin Correspondence to: Dr R J Martin Department of Neurology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Great Western Road, Gloucester GL1 3NN, UK; Keywords: central pontine myelinolysis; extra-pontine myelinolysis; osmotic demyelination syndromes Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) was described by Adams and colleagues in 1959 as a disease affecting alcoholics and the malnourished.

6. Hyatrogenic Extrapontine Myelinolysis In Central Diabetes Hyatrogenic extrapontine myelinolysis in Central Diabetes Insipidus Are Cyclosporine and 1Desamino-8-D-Arginine Vasopressin Harmful in Association? http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Parkinsonism And Recovery In Central And Extrapontine Myelinolysis Panagariya As Neurol India is an peerreviewed biomedical periodical of Neurological Societyof India. http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2005;volume=53;iss

8. Webkatalog 1. Drkoop Medical Encyclopedia Central Pontine Myelinolysis A definition of central pontine myelinolysis, including the causes, risks http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Pontine And Extrapontine Myelinolysis Following Rapid Correction Of Hyponatremia Neurol India is an peerreviewed biomedical periodical of Neurological Societyof India. http://www.neurologyindia.com/article.asp?issn=0028-3886;year=2000;volume=48;iss

10. Parkinsonism And Dystonia In Central Pontine And Extrapontine Your browser does not support frames. Click here to view the unframed reprint. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Parkinsonism And Dystonia In Central Pontine And Extrapontine Myelinolysis -- Se extrapontine myelinolysis presenting with parkinsonism as a sequel of rapidcorrection of A case of extrapontine myelinolysis demonstrated on MRI. http://www.jnnp.com/cgi/content/full/65/1/119

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS Author Keyword(s) Vol Page [Advanced] This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Submit a response ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this link to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Download to citation manager PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Seiser, A Articles by Brainin, M J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 119-121 ( July ) Short report Parkinsonism and dystonia in central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis A Seiser, a S Schwarz, a M M Aichinger-Steiner, a G Funk, a P Schnider, b M Brainin a a Center for Postgraduate Studies in Neuroscience, Danube University, Krems, Austria, and Department of Neurology, Landesnervenklinik Klosterneuburg- Gugging, Austria, b Department of Neurology, University of Vienna, Austria Correspondence to: Dr Andreas Seiser, Department of Neurology, Landesnervenklinik Gugging, Hauptstra

12. Dystonia In Central Pontine Myelinolysis Without Evidence Of Dystonia in central pontine myelinolysis without evidence of extrapontine myelinolysis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent Unusual occurrence of extrapontine myelinolysis associated with acute severe Second, the patient s extrapontine myelinolysis was probably secondary to http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2005.02319.x

Home An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie A cookie is a small amount of information that a web site copies onto your hard drive. Synergy uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page. If the cookie cannot be set correctly, then Synergy cannot determine whether you are logged in and a new session will be created for each page you visit. This slows the system down. Therefore, you must accept the Synergy cookie to use the system. What Gets Stored in a Cookie? Synergy only stores a session ID in the cookie, no other information is captured. In general, only the information that you provide, or the choices you make while visiting a web site, can be stored in a cookie. For example, the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it. Allowing a web site to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer, and only the site that created the cookie can read it. Please read our for more information about data collected on this site.

14. Resolving MR Features In Osmotic Myelinolysis (central Pontine And Resolving MR features in osmotic myelinolysis (central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Blackwell Synergy - Cookie Absent There was no histological evidence suggestive of bacterial or viral infection orcentral pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis. Alzheimer type II glia and http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1440-1789.2004.00583.x

Home An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie A cookie is a small amount of information that a web site copies onto your hard drive. Synergy uses cookies to improve performance by remembering that you are logged in when you go from page to page. If the cookie cannot be set correctly, then Synergy cannot determine whether you are logged in and a new session will be created for each page you visit. This slows the system down. Therefore, you must accept the Synergy cookie to use the system. What Gets Stored in a Cookie? Synergy only stores a session ID in the cookie, no other information is captured. In general, only the information that you provide, or the choices you make while visiting a web site, can be stored in a cookie. For example, the site cannot determine your email name unless you choose to type it. Allowing a web site to create a cookie does not give that or any other site access to the rest of your computer, and only the site that created the cookie can read it. Please read our for more information about data collected on this site.

16. Medicine Pontine And Extrapontine Myelinolysis A Neurologic Access the article, 'Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis a neurologic disorder following rapid correction of hyponatremia.' from Medicine, a http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. EMedicine - Central Pontine Myelinolysis : Article By Christopher C Luzzio, MD Karp BI, Laureno R Pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis a neurologic disorder Martin RJ Central pontine and extrapontine myelinolysis the osmotic http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic50.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Neurology Neurotoxicology Central Pontine Myelinolysis Last Updated: March 3, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: osmotic myelinolysis, CPM, hyponatremia, noninflammatory demyelination, stripping of the myelin sheath, alcoholism, liver disease, malnutrition AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 9 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Christopher C Luzzio, MD , Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin at Madison Christopher C Luzzio, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Neurology Editor(s): Howard A Crystal, MD , Professor, Departments of Neurology and Pathology, State University of New York Downstate; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD , Senior Pharmacy Editor, eMedicine;

18. Arch Neurol Abstract Striatal Syndrome Following Hyponatremia A manifestation of extrapontine myelinolysis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. EMedicine - Catatonia : Article By James Robert Brasic, MD, MPH extrapontine myelinolysis Fibromuscular dysplasia with dissection of basilarartery Inherited neurometabolic disorders Latah betul http://www.emedicine.com/neuro/topic708.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Neurology Movement And Neurodegenerative Diseases Catatonia Last Updated: June 15, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: unresponsiveness, deficits in fetal cortical development, dopaminergic blockade, glutamatergic dysfunction, dysfunction in neurotransmission of noradrenaline, dysfunction in neurotransmission of serotonin, frontal anomalies, motoric immobility, excessive motor activity, extreme negativism, mutism, peculiarities of voluntary movement, echolalia, echopraxia, stupor, oppositionism, posturing, catalepsy, automatic obedience, echophenomena, rigidity, verbigeration, withdrawal, akinesia, stupor AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: James Robert Brasic, MD, MPH

20. Baylor Neurology Case Of The Month extrapontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of iatrogenic In a seriesof 34 patients with central and/or extrapontine myelinolysis, http://www.bcm.edu/neurology/challeng/pat75/summary.html

Patient #75 Summary and Discussion Katie Noe, M.D., Ph.D.. Diagnosis: Extrapontine myelinolysis following rapid correction of iatrogenic hyponatremia. CLINICAL COURSE: DISCUSSION: Osmotic Demyelination Disorders For these reasons, patients at risk of developing significant hyponatremia should be closely monitored. Treatment of symptomatic acute hyponatremia must balance the risk of development of osmotic demyelination with the risk of complications from the hyponatremia itself. Recent recommendations suggest that hyponatremia be corrected at a rate of not more than 8 mmol/L/day, although initial rates of correction may be as much as 1-2 mmol/L/hour until life-threatening symptoms resolve (Adrogue and Madias, 2000). Monitoring of sodium levels every 2-3 hours may be necessary in order that adjustments in treatment can be made to avoid overly rapid changes or reduce the impact of overcorrection. Chronic hyponatremia without life-threatening symptoms should be corrected very slowly. It is difficult at times, however, to distinguish chronic from acute alterations in the emergency setting. Diagnosis: clinical signs and imaging findings Diagnosis of osmotic demyelination syndromes begins with recognition of predisposing risk factors for hyponatremia, and a clinical course suggesting development of symptoms after a documented or suspected osmotic stress. Other disorders that could produce cortical, basal ganglia, or white matter injury, such as status epilepticus, hypoxic-ischemic events, hypertensive emergencies, and Wernicke encephalopathy, should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

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