121. Pug Dog Encephalitis Pug Dog encephalitis (PDE) is probably a Pug owners greatest concern and worst fear. Unfortunately, very little is known about this disease, however what is http://www.pugvillage.com/pde_first.htm

pugvillage.com Home FAQs Contact Site Map Pug Dog Encephalitis "Facts, not fiction, about PDE" PDE: Just the Facts Pug Dog Encephalitis (PDE) is probably a Pug owners greatest concern and worst fear. Unfortunately, very little is known about this disease, however what is known, for certain, is presented here for the benefit of Pug owners and those considering Pugs as their breed of choice. Please note that this article serves only as an introduction to, and general description of PDE. For information on PDE in greater detail, consult veterinary sources found in your local library or on reputable internet sites. What we do know about PDE is that it is an inflammation of the brain that strikes adolescent Pugs usually between the ages of 2 and 3. What causes this inflammation, in Pugs, and at this age range in particular is all unknown to this date. Symptoms: Seizures are the primary symptom of PDE, however it is vitally important to understand and remember that seizure activity in Pugs does not necessarily indicate PDE is the cause. Pugs may also suffer seizures from Epilepsy, exposure to toxic chemicals or gasses and for unknown and unexplained reasons. Lethargy and loss of muscle coordination are two symptoms that do, but don’t always precede seizure activity caused by PDE. Similar to the presence of seizure activity, neither of these two symptoms together or apart definitively indicates PDE is the cause. Lethargy is a symptom to nearly all illnesses that can strike a dog ranging from a common infection to something more serious. A loss of muscle coordination likewise can indicate other problems such as neurological issues and a side effective to convulsive activity brought out by inner ear disturbances such as Vestibular Disease or ruptured ear drums.

122. Encephalitis, Japanese Japanese encephalitis is a severe inflammation of the brain caused by the Japanese B encephalitis Virus that is transmitted by the bite of infected http://www.bchealthguide.org/kbase/nord/nord435.htm

var hwPrint=1;var hwDocHWID="nord435";var hwDocTitle="Encephalitis, Japanese";var hwRank="1";var hwSectionHWID="nord435-Header";var hwSource="en-caQ2_05";var hwDocType="Nord"; National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. Encephalitis, Japanese Important It is possible that the main title of the report Encephalitis, Japanese is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Japanese B Encephalitis JE Russian Autumnal Encephalitis Summer Encephalitis Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Japanese Encephalitis is a severe inflammation of the brain caused by the Japanese B Encephalitis Virus that is transmitted by the bite of infected mosquitoes in certain areas of the world, particularly Asia. This disorder most commonly affects children and tends to be more actively spread during the summer. Symptoms include high fever, headaches, weakness, nausea, vomiting, paralysis, personality changes, and coma, possibly leading to neurological damage or death. Resources Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road NE Atlanta, GA 30333

123. Herpes Encephalitis Neonatal herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis involves the cortex and white matter Herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in older children and adults usually http://www.neurographics.org/2/1/1/7.shtml

Vol. 2, Article 1 Moritani, et al. Herpes encephalitis The concentration of glutamate and glycine in CSF is significantly increased in encephalitis . These observations suggest an excitotoxic mechanism may play a role in neuronal damage in herpes encephalitis. Neonatal herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis involves the cortex and white matter extensively. Herpes simplex type 1 encephalitis in older children and adults usually involves the medial temporal lobe, inferior frontal lobes and insula. Widespread brain lesions in neonatal herpes encephalopathy are presumably related to the vulnerability to excitatory amines in the neonatal brain. In neonatal herpes encephalitis, MRI/DWI shows widespread, asymmetric lesions in both hemispheres including the basal ganglia and thalami (Figure 7). MRS shows increased lactate and glutamate/glutamine peaks. Figure 7. A 2-week-old female with herpes simplex type 2 encephalitis A. T2WI shows asymmetric hyperintense lesions in the thalami. B,C. DWI shows asymmetric but extensive hyperintense lesions with decreased ADC in the thalamus and gray and white matter of both hemispheres. This extensive distribution seems to be related to vulnerability to excitotoxic injury during the post-natal period.

124. Notifiable Condition Viral Encephalitis Viral encephalitis in Washington State The last human case of arthropodborne viral encephalitis reported in Washington was western equine encephalitis in http://www.doh.wa.gov/Notify/nc/encephalitis.htm

125. Oregon ACD: Arboviral Encephalitis Home There are four main virus agents of encephalitis in the United States eastern Most cases of arboviral encephalitis occur from June through September, http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/ph/acd/diseases/arbovirus/arbovirus.shtml

Text-Only Site State Directory Agencies A-Z Accessibility ... Diseases A-Z Arboviral encephalitis On this page More info/links Reporting Arthropod-borne viruses, i.e., arboviruses, are viruses that are maintained in nature through biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts by blood feeding arthropods (mosquitoes, psychodids, ceratopogonids, and ticks). There are four main virus agents of encephalitis in the United States: eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), western equine encephalitis (WEE), St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and La Crosse (LAC) encephalitis, all of which are transmitted by mosquitoes. Another virus, Powassan, is a minor cause of encephalitis in the northern United States, and is transmitted by ticks. Most cases of arboviral encephalitis occur from June through September, when arthropods are most active. The majority of human infections are asymptomatic or may result in a nonspecific flu-like syndrome. Onset may be insidious or sudden with fever, headache, myalgias, malaise and occasionally prostration. Infection may, however, lead to encephalitis, with a fatal outcome or permanent neurologic sequelae. Fortunately, only a small proportion of infected persons progress to frank encephalitis. More info/links The CDC fact sheet answers some common questions about these viruses.

126. Uhrad.com - Neuroradiology Imaging Teaching Files Discussion Herpes encephalitis is typically caused by herpes simplex virus 2 in the neonatal The late sequelae of herpes simplex encephalitis includes http://www.uhrad.com/mriarc/mri071.htm

uhrad.com - Neuroradiology Imaging Teaching Files Case Seventy One - Herpes Encephalitis Click on Images for Enlarged View Clinical History: Hypodense lesion seen on CT examination. Questioning the presence of an infarct or tumor in a patient with mental status changes. Findings: Region of edema and abnormal signal in the right insula and right temporal lobe. No evidence of abnormal enhancement is identified in this region of abnormality. Diagnosis: Herpes encephalitis. Discussion: Herpes encephalitis is typically caused by herpes simplex virus 2 in the neonatal population. Herpes simplex virus 1 is responsible for this entity in children and adults due to activation of a latent infection in the gasserian ganglion. This is the most common cause of a viral encephalitis. Pathologically, this is a fulminant hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalitic process. The neonatal form of this disease is typically a diffuse, nonfocal infectious process. In the adult form, a predilection for the limbic system, particularly the temporal lobe, singulate gyrus, or subfrontal region is characteristic. Imaging with CT or MRI may be performed with MRI being more sensitive than CT. Both of these examinations are typically normal with early disease onset. Although, on MR examination, early findings of edema as evidenced by decreased signal on T1 weighted imaging and increased signal on T2 weighted imaging may be found. The edema often extends into the insular cortex with sparing of the putamen. Post Gadolinium enhancement in this region is unusual in the early stages. In the late stage of disease, typically one to two weeks following onset of disease, the contralateral temporal lobe, insula, or singulate gyrus may become infected. Contrast enhancement and changes of subacute hemorrhages may be seen. The late sequelae of herpes simplex encephalitis includes encephalomalacia, atrophy, and dystrophic calcifications.

127. MDTravel Health - Japanese Encephalitis - Vaccination And Risk MDTravel Health complete travel health information, updated daily, for physicians and travelers. http://www.mdtravelhealth.com/infectious/japanese_encephalitis.html

Japanese Encephalitis Japanese encephalitis is the leading cause of viral encephalitis (brain infection) in Asia. The disease occurs chiefly in China, Korea, Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent (see map showing distribution of Japanese encephalitis in Asia ). Japanese encephalitis is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes, which breed in ground pools, especially flooded rice fields, and bite primarily after dusk. The virus lives principally in domestic pigs and Ardeid (wading) birds. Transmission of Japanese encephalitis is therefore greatest in rural, agricultural areas where rice paddies and pig farming co-exist. The risk may be increased by heavy rainfall and irrigation. Most infections are asymptomatic. But encephalitis, when it occurs, is severe and frequently leads to death or permanent brain damage. The risk of Japanese encephalitis for most travelers appears to be very small. Since 1981, only five cases have been reported among American travelers (not counting military personnel). Japanese encephalitis vaccine (JE-VAX; Aventis Pasteur Inc.) (PDF)

128. Monitoring Birds For Encephalitis It is caused by a Flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex that also includes Figure 1 Cases of equine encephalitis in Indiana - 1975 http://www.wbu.com/chipperwoods/photos/encephalitis.htm

Web sponsorship and design courtesy of Wild Birds Unlimited, Inc Home Welcome Español ... Bird Photos Species Accounts Conservation Issues Banding Summary What's In The News? Just for Kids Bird Problems? ... Links Checklists Indiana Birds Indiana Mammals Indiana Reptiles Indiana Amphibians ... Join CWBO General Information West Nile Virus, also called West Nile Fever, is a new disease to North America. It is caused by a Flavivirus of the Japanese encephalitis antigenic complex that also includes diseases with exotic names such as Cacipacore, Koutango, Kunjin, Murray Valley Encephalitis (Australia), Rocio, Usutu, Yaounde and of course our own St. Louis encephalitis. It is one of the 100 or so arboviruses (arthropod borne viruses) that infect humans, and except for Urban Yellow Fever and Dengue fever, humans are accidental hosts. Western equine encephalitis, (WEE), Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) also occur in the Americas. As the following photos show, birds act as a natural reservoir for these viruses, and mosquitoes of the Culex genus transmit them when the feed on infected birds, then on healthy birds. Eventually, the infection amplifies to a point that infected mosquitoes begin to transmit the virus to humans, horses and other animals called dead-end hosts. West Nile Virus is an old world disease described from such far flung regions as Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia and Oceana. It first appeared in the US in the New York City area in 1999. How it arrived here is a mystery that will probably never be solved. A tremendous number of people and associated cargo arrive in the New York City area each year. It could have arrived with an infected mosquito, an infected person, or an infected bird. Once the virus is transmitted to resident birds and mosquitoes, it is established in the new world.

129. Encephalitis Global encephalitis is infection or inflammation of the substance of the brain, encephalitis is a viral infection of nerve tissue, such as brain tissue. http://groups.msn.com/EncephalitisGlobal/topicoftheweek.msnw

var nEditorialCatId = 96; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(' Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help Encephalitis Global EncephalitisGlobal@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now HomePage Our Site Directory ... Tools What is encephalitis? 1/11/2001 4:03 PM Posted by Wendy Encephalitis is infection or inflammation of the substance of the brain, as opposed to meningitis, which is infection of the lining of the brain. 1/13/2001 9:49 AM Posted by Wendy Encephalitis is a viral infection of nerve tissue, such as brain tissue. It varies in severity, but the damage it causes is permanent. (contributed by our Dana) 1/13/2001 10:37 AM Posted by annette Encephalitis is swelling/inflammation of the brain causes can be from a virus or resulting from a mosquito or tick bite Encephalitis diagnoises are not always based on mri , cat scans or lumbar punctures sometimes these test all come back normal. Diagnoises may be based on symptoms 1/13/2001 11:01 AM Posted by BEVAN- cb ALL of the ABOVE + EXTREME- Headaches, Nausea, Forgetfullness, and "stroke-like symptoms"! WHAT Is E?-

130. Encephalitis Date encephalitis was first used in popular English literature sometime Viral infections (see encephalitis, viral) are a relatively frequent cause of http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/english/En/Encephalitis.htm

Philip M. Parker, INSEAD. Encephalitis Definition: Encephalitis Encephalitis Noun . Inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis' is no longer in scientific use). Source: WordNet 1.7.1 Date "encephalitis" was first used in popular English literature: sometime before 1985. ( references Etymology: Websters 1913 Specialty Definitions: Encephalitis Domain Definitions Health Inflammation of the brain due to infection, autoimmune processes, toxins, and other conditions. Viral infections (see encephalitis , viral) are a relatively frequent cause of this condition. ( references Public Administration Serious neurological disease caused by inflammation of the brain elements due to infection with a virus, microbe or parasite. Source: European Union. references Source: compiled by the editor from various references ; see credits. Top Synonyms: Encephalitis Synonyms: cephalitis (n), phrenitis (n). ( additional references Top Crosswords: Encephalitis English words defined with "encephalitis" acute hemorrhagic encephalitis acute inclusion body encephalitis Bosin's disease bovine spongiform encephalitis ... references Specialty definitions using "encephalitis" Adenoviruses, Canine

131. Texas Department Of Health, Zoonosis Control Division Viral encephalitis is a term that includes diseases caused by a variety of viruses. Basic Fact Sheet Viral encephalitis in Animals http://www.tdh.state.tx.us/zoonosis/diseases/Encephalitis/

zoonosis control division Texas Department of Health Site Map Contact Us ... diseases encephalitis Printer Format Topics Animal Control and Shelters Animals in Disaster Animals in Public Places Case Investigation Forms ... TDH Regional Offices Encephalitis "Viral encephalitis" is a term that includes diseases caused by a variety of viruses. These diseases are best known for affecting horses and people. The viruses are spread through the bites of mosquitoes. Encephalitis (PDF) Encefalitis (Spanish) (Pamphlet) (PDF) Basic Fact Sheet - Viral Encephalitis in Animals If you need the Adobe Acrobat Reader, you can download it here. Updated: 4/26/04 11:06:23 AM

132. JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropodborne virus disease affecting the Japanese encephalitis virus infection is widespread throughout temperate http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/gray_book/FAD/JEN.htm

BACK MENU NEXT PART IV FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS (Japanese B encephalitis) Definition Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropod-borne virus disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of human beings and, less frequently, horses. The infection also results in the birth of litters of pigs with a high percentage of stillbirths or pigs affected with encephalitis. Etiology The JE virus is a member of the family Flaviviridae and is in the genus Flavivirus . Host range and other characteristics are described in detail in the International Catalogue of Arboviruses (1). Host Range People and horses are victims of the JE virus infection but appear to be dead-end hosts from an epidemiologic standpoint. Viremia levels in infected human beings and equine species are generally too low to provide potential mosquito vectors with an infective blood meal. Under experimental conditions, however, Gould et al. (9) demonstrated horse to horse transmission by Culex tritaeniorhynchus . Cattle are frequently infected in enzootic areas (24) but do not develop sickness or viremia (14). Swine in Japan and Taiwan are both victims of disease as well as amplifiers of infection in nature. This is particularly true when swine are bred to farrow at a time when infected mosquitoes make their first appearance. This type of breeding program is practiced in Japan where, because of immunity or natural seasonal lows in transmission, gilts resist infection during pregnancy, and thus losses due to abnormal litters resulting from JE infection are reduced. However, normal newborn piglets soon lose maternally acquired antibody and are fully susceptible to infection from arthropod vectors.

133. Murray Valley Encephalitis NSW Health Multi-Cultural Health Communication Service. http://www.mhcs.health.nsw.gov.au/health-public-affairs/mhcs/publications/7160.h

Home A-Z Health Topics Consumer Info Health Professionals ... Polyglot Online Subject Abuse Alcohol and other drugs Asthma Cancer ... Index by Language Title : Murray Valley Encephalitis Subject : Diseases and Conditions Publication Number : DOH-7160 Publication Date : Author : NSW Health Arabic Chinese English Farsi/Persian ... Vietnamese Murray Valley Encephalitis Summary: Text: Murray Valley Encephalitis What is Murray Valley Encephalitis? Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) is a potentially fatal mosquito-borne disease caused by the Murray Valley encephalitis virus. It is also known as Australian encephalitis. Where does the disease occur? MVE usually occurs in remote north western Australia. It rarely occurs in eastern Australia. To date (May 2001), there have been no human cases in south eastern Australia - including NSW and Victoria - reported since 1974. In previous outbreaks, the virus affected people living in western NSW. How is the disease spread? MVE virus is spread by the bite of a mosquito that is infected with the virus. Not all mosquitoes carry the virus.

134. HPA - Infections | Topics A-Z | Japanese Encephalitis Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most important cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. Japanese encephalitis tends to be seasonal and cases occur mainly http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/japanese_encephalitis/menu.htm

Skip navigation menu Search Advanced Search Home About Us Topics A-Z ... Contact Us Infectious Diseases Infections A-Z list HPA Centre for Infections Services and Activities Bioinformatics ... STBRL Key Functions Infectious Diseases Radiation Emergency Response Business Activities Japanese Encephalitis Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the most important cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. It is caused by a flavivirus and is transmitted by mosquitoes. The World Health Organization estimates that there are approximately 50,000 cases of clinical disease per year with 10,000 deaths, mainly in children. It is endemic in wet, rural areas, but can also occur in urban areas. Areas that are particularly risky are rice fields where mosquitoes thrive and where there is a lot of pig farming. Pigs and wading birds are the predominant hosts for this virus. Japanese encephalitis tends to be seasonal and cases occur mainly through the wet season.

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