61. CNN - Doctors Say 37 Now Sick In New York Virus Outbreak - October 3, 1999 CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9910/04/encephalitis.outbreak/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page Doctors say 37 now sick in New York virus outbreak October 4, 1999 Web posted at: 12:23 a.m. EDT (0423 GMT) NEW YORK (CNN) Public health officials raised the number of reported cases to 37 on Sunday in New York's outbreak of a West Nile-like virus that is blamed for the deaths of four people. Two other deaths outside New York City one in suburban Westchester County and the other in Toronto are now blamed on the disease. In the Canadian case, a 75-year-old man died a few days after he visited the New York borough of Queens, Canadian officials say: The case has not been confirmed by U.S. officials. The latest case is an 81-year-old woman from Queens who has already been discharged from the hospital. Five people remain hospitalized with the virus, said Sandra Mullin, spokeswoman for the New York City health department.

62. Encephalitis - DrGreene.com This article explains a viral infection that is caused by the West Nile Virus. Learn the symptoms, treatment, and prognosis of this sometimes serious http://www.drgreene.com/21_1080.html

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63. Welcome To The Saku Fanclub's Official Website Saku the Official Fanclub. encephalitis Resource Center. http://geocities.com/sakupug/

Welcome To The Saku Fanclub Official Website My Name is Saku. I am a Pug. Saku - "Picture Perfect Pug" Contact The Fanclub Webmaster by E-mail: Saku11@gmail.com Saku Picture Gallery Saku Movie Clips - See Saku performing various tricks! Saku Fanclub is now a member of the pugdog webring. As part of our marketing arrangement we are required to post the following html code that appears to website guest's as the ugly box below. Please pardon it's appearance, which will be changed once i figure out how to change backround and font colour in html. -Fanclub Webmaster. You are visitor # Is this the best Saku website you've ever seen? Let him know! Leave a message in his guestbook. Note: to leave a message longer than a couple of sentences you should send your messages by e-mail. (Site last updated April 16, .2005) Come back often Latest News, Updates and Links The Pug Dog Encephalitis Resource Center is the only site of its kind on the on the internet. Provides links to the best available information on this terrible disease. Pug Dog Web Ring Join Now Ring Hub Random Since December 2004!

64. Encephalitis encephalitis Secondary encephalitis may occur with measles, chickenpox, mumps, rubella, and EBV. In secondary encephalitis, symptoms usually begin five http://www.healthatoz.com/healthatoz/Atoz/ency/encephalitis.jsp

65. NJDHSS, Communicable Disease Service: Eastern Equine Encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare but serious disease caused by the Eastern Anyone can get Eastern equine encephalitis, but the disease is more http://www.state.nj.us/health/cd/f_eee.htm

Disease Index NJ InTouch What You Should Know About. . . Eastern Equine Encephalitis What is Eastern Equine Encephalitis? Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare but serious disease caused by the Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, a member of the family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus. Eastern equine encephalitis is found mainly along the eastern seaboard and Gulf coast of the United States. EEE is a mosquito borne infection of wild birds that can be transmitted to other birds, humans, horses and other animals by mosquitoes. In New Jersey, the principal bird vector for EEE is a freshwater swamp mosquito commonly found in the coastal plain of the southern half of the state. The salt marsh mosquito is the principal human vector of the virus in New Jersey, while more than one species of mosquito are known to transmit the virus to horses in the state. Who gets Eastern Equine Encephalitis? Anyone can get Eastern equine encephalitis, but the disease is more common in young children and in persons over the age of 55. In the last 30 years, New Jersey has averaged less than one confirmed human case of EEE every 5 years, and there have not been any confirmed cases in over 15 years. Most of the cases have been reported from coastal areas where the salt marsh mosquito is found. Outbreaks have occurred in 1959 (32 cases) and 1968 (12 cases). In addition to humans, other animals that can suffer severe disease include: equines (horses), certain birds such as pheasants, quail, ostriches and emus and, rarely, puppies.

66. NJ DHSS, West Nile Encephalitis Question & Answer Sheet However, for hospitalized patients with encephalitis, case fatality rates may No human or horse cases of West Nile encephalitis were confirmed in New http://www.state.nj.us/health/cd/westnile/wnvqa.htm

Q. What is West Nile encephalitis? A. West Nile encephalitis is a mosquito-borne viral disease which can cause an inflammation of the brain. The West Nile virus (WNV) is commonly found in Africa, West Asia, the Middle East and Europe. For the first time in North America, WNV was confirmed to be present in the New York metropolitan area during the summer and fall of 1999. Q. How do people get West Nile encephalitis and what are the symptoms? A. WNV is transmitted to people by the bite of a mosquito, primarily the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens. Most infections are asymptomatic or mild. Symptoms may include: fever, headache, and body aches, often with skin rash and swollen lymph glands. In rare cases, more severe infection may result, with symptoms such as high fever, neck stiffness, stupor, disorientation, coma, tremors, convulsions, muscle weakness, paralysis and, rarely, death. Q. How is West Nile encephalitis treated? A.

67. CNN - Related Health Sites CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9909/25/encephalitis.outbreak/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page New strain of encephalitis identified in New York birds Encephalitis is transmitted from birds to humans by mosquitos First discovery of West Nile virus in Western Hemisphere September 25, 1999 Web posted at: 10:24 a.m. EDT (1424 GMT) From staff and wires reports NEW YORK (CNN) Health officials have identified a strain of encephalitis never before seen in the Western Hemisphere in several bird specimens found in the metropolitan New York area. MESSAGE BOARD Bugs, bugs, bugs The discovery of this new strain, known as the West Nile virus, has raised questions about whether 18 recently reported cases of encephalitis stem from the St. Louis variety of the virus or the new one. The West Nile virus is an arbovirus closely related to the St. Louis encephalitis, but usually causes a milder form of the disease in humans. Both viruses are transmitted through the bite of a mosquito infected by feeding on an infected bird.

68. Encephalitis: Viral - UMMC An indepth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of encephalitis. http://www.umm.edu/patiented/articles/what_symptoms_of_encephalitis_000096_5.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Home Medical Reference Patient Education WHAT ARE THE SYMPTOMS OF ENCEPHALITIS? Symptoms of Arbovirus Encephalitis In most of the relatively common US arbovirus infections, including St. Louis encephalitis and the West Nile virus, less than 1% of infections cause any noticeable symptoms. Symptoms that occur are usually minor and flu-like. Symptoms of encephalitis usually appear within four days to two weeks of exposure to the arbovirus. The symptoms and severity of the condition depend on the age of the patient at time of the infection, the type of virus, and the part or parts of the brain affected. Early Symptoms. Early symptoms of arbovirus encephalitis are similar to those of a flu and usually include fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, muscle aches, and lethargy. Because encephalitis involves one or more parts of the brain, however, those with the condition may develop personality changes, confusion, or other disturbing mental symptoms as well as poor muscle control and sensory impairment, features that distinguish it from an ordinary flu. In most cases, early symptoms of arbovirus encephalitis last three to five days and resolve without becoming serious.

69. Encephalitis - Nervous System Diseases Health Guide An overview of encephalitis, a viral infection, or an inflammation, of the brain. http://www.umm.edu/nervous/encephal.htm

Nervous System Diseases Nervous System Disorders... Alzheimer's Disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ... Index Nervous System Diseases Encephalitis What is encephalitis? Encephalitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the brain. This condition causes problems with the brain and spinal cord function. The inflammation causes the brain to swell, which leads to changes in the person's neurologic condition, including mental confusion and seizures. What causes encephalitis? The cause of encephalitis varies depending on the season, the area of the country, and the type of exposure. Viruses are the leading cause of encephalitis. Although vaccines for many viruses, including measles, mumps, rubella, and chickenpox have greatly lowered the rate of encephalitis from these diseases, other viruses can cause encephalitis. These include herpes simplex virus and rabies. Encephalitis can also occur following infection by disease-carrying agents including ticks (Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever), mosquitoes (West Nile virus, St. Louis encephalitis), and cats (toxoplasmosis and cat-scratch disease). What are the symptoms of encephalitis?

70. Arboviral Encephalitis ARBOVIRAL encephalitis. What is arboviral encephalitis? encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by arboviruses (viruses carried by http://www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbencepl.htm

ARBOVIRAL ENCEPHALITIS What is arboviral encephalitis? Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by arboviruses (viruses carried by arthropods, such as mosquitoes and ticks) or by other types of viruses. In Illinois, arboviruses are primarily transmitted to humans by the bites of infected mosquitoes. St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile virus and LaCrosse (California) encephalitis are the arboviral diseases most likely to occur in Illinois. These infections are most common in June through October when mosquitoes are active. Although they produce similar symptoms, these viruses vary in severity and, typically, affect different age groups. Fortunately, these types of viruses are transmitted by only a few types of mosquitoes and, usually, only a small proportion of those mosquitoes actually carry the virus. How is arboviral encephalitis spread? Infection with an arbovirus occurs only through the bite of an infected insect. These diseases are not transmitted from person to person. In Illinois, the primary vector (carrier) of St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus is the northern house mosquito ( Culex pipiens ). The northern house mosquito breeds in small stagnant bodies of water and receptaclessuch as discarded tin cans, flower urns, old tires, buckets and other containersthat hold water. The mosquitoes are infected with the St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile virus when they bite infected birds.

71. TrekFit Information on West Nile virus and encephalitis. Offers the background, transmission, prevention, symptoms and resources. http://www.trekfit.com/well/well_0002.html

72. Reportable Infectious Diseases And Conditions encephalitis Fact Sheets Centers for Disease Control and Prevention encephalitis Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention http://www.idph.state.il.us/health/infect/reportdis/encephalitis.htm

Encephalitis Encephalitis Fact Sheets - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encephalitis Information - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Encephalitis Cases - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Illinois Department of Public Health 535 West Jefferson Street Springfield, Illinois 62761 Phone 217-782-4977 Fax 217-782-3987 TTY 800-547-0466 Questions or Comments

73. Arboviral Encephalitis Fact Sheet encephalitis has many different causes including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and toxins. In the US, arboviral encephalitis is usually caused by viruses http://edcp.org/factsheets/arboviral.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Arboviral Encephalitis Fact Sheet PDF Version of this Fact Sheet Encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain Encephalitis has many different causes including viruses, bacteria, parasites, and toxins. When encephalitis is caused by a virus transmitted by arthropods such as mosquitoes or ticks, it is known as arboviral (short for arthropod-borne) encephalitis. In the U.S., arboviral encephalitis is usually caused by viruses transmitted by mosquitoes There are four main causes of arboviral encephalitis in the U.S. These include eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and LaCrosse encephalitis. In 1999, there was an outbreak of West Nile encephalitis in the New York area; West Nile virus is closely related to St. Louis encephalitis virus and is found commonly in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Most people who are infected with an arbovirus either do not get sick or have mild symptoms

74. West Nile Virus Provides data, information, and maps related to outbreaks of the West Nile virus and mosquitoborne encephalitis in the United States. http://westnilevirus.nbii.gov/

Home Wildlife Diseases >> West Nile Virus West Nile Virus The West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected in the Western Hemisphere in 1999 and has since rapidly spread across the North Americcan continent into all 48 continental states, seven Canadian provinces, and throughout Mexico. In addition, WNV activity has been detected in Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Guadeloupe and El Salvador. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), over 15,000 people in the U.S. have tested positive for WNV infection since 1999, including over 500 deaths. Many more people have likely been infected with WNV, but have experienced mild or no symptoms. Statistically, a person's risk of contracting West Nile is low, and less than 1% of those infected develop serious illness from the virus. Those at highest risk for serious illness are the elderly and those with lowered immune systems. However, people of all ages can develop serious illness, so it is important for everyone to protect themselves from mosquito bites to minimize the risk of infection. More Information on WNV: Human Health Domestic Animal Health Birds and other Wildlife Mosquitoes ... USGS SAGEMAP Sage-Grouse Culex pipiens photo © Jack Jeffrey. Used with permission.

75. Mosquito Borne Encephalitis MosquitoBorne encephalitis. mosquito.gif (2354 bytes) West Nile Virus Information Arboviral encephalitis Fact Sheet http://edcp.org/html/mosquito.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Mosquito-Borne Encephalitis West Nile Virus Information Arboviral Encephalitis Fact Sheet Back Top ... Print Version Links marked with are PDF. Download Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing .pdf files View this page in German Spanish French Italian Portuguese Community Health Administration Home Site Map Factsheet Index ... Site Use Policies To address technical problems or make suggestions regarding this site send email to: fha_webmaster@dhmh.state.md.us CommunityHealth Administration Last Modified 02/28/2005 11:00:54 AM

76. LaCrosse Encephalitis Facts Cause, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/lacenceph.html

LaCrosse Encephalitis LaCrosse encephalitis is a rare viral disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes. It usually affects children. LaCrosse encephalitis is one of several mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications. LaCrosse encephalitis is found mainly in the upper midwestern United States and in the Appalachian region. There is no specific treatment for LaCrosse encephalitis. Prevention centers on controlling mosquitoes and avoiding mosquito bites. What is LaCrosse encephalitis? LaCrosse encephalitis is a rare disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes. It gets its name from LaCrosse, Wisconsin, where the infection was first recognized in 1963. LaCrosse encephalitis is one of a group of mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and even death. Other similar diseases are eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, and St. Louis encephalitis. What is the infectious agent that causes LaCrosse encephalitis?

77. Herpes Encephalitis MRI/SPECT Overlay Slice 20 HomeHelpClinicalTour 1, Slice 20. Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case25/mr1-tc1/020.html

Home Help Clinical Tour 1 Slice 20 Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

78. EMedicine Health - West Nile Virus Overview Dr. David Donson offers a report on the symptoms of West Nile virus infection such as flulike fever, encephalitis, and meningitis. Includes information on emergency care and mosquito bite prevention tips. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/13162-1.asp

Search September 8, 2005 Registration Healthcare Professionals You are in: Bacterial and Viral Infections West Nile Virus West Nile Virus Overview West Nile virus is transmitted to humans by a mosquito bite. The virus can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord). West Nile virus was discovered in 1937 in the West Nile district of Uganda. New interest was created when West Nile emerged in the United States for the first time in the New York City area in August 1999. There were 62 confirmed human cases and 7 deaths during this outbreak, creating widespread concern. Since the initial 1999 New York City outbreak, the cases of West Nile encephalitis have been relatively limited. In 2002, there were a total of 480 reported cases in humans and 24 deaths (as of August 28, 2002). The distribution of the virus is spreading across the United States, as determined from surveillance of infected birds by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . In a little more than a year, West Nile spread to 11 states along the East Coast. In 2002, the virus spread to Florida, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Cases are also being seen in the Dakotas, Colorado, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Whether West Nile encephalitis will present a serious health risk to the United States in the future is unknown. Using precautions directed at limiting contact by mosquitoes is the best preventive measure at this time.

79. Herpes Encephalitis T2-weighted MR Slice 12 Tour 1 Next/Previous/Start Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis has its own as shown by the lesions of a typical case of HSV encephalitis. http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case25/mr1/012.html

Tour 1 Next Previous Start : Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis has its own neuroanatomy. It tends to attack a part of the brain known as the "limbic system", a set of interconnected brain structures responsible for the integration of emotion, memory, and complex behavior. This disease is important to recognize because there is an effective drug treatment, acyclovir. We will see the limbic system on this tour, as shown by the lesions of a typical case of HSV encephalitis. HSV is ubiquitous, but fortunately, only 1 or 2 cases per million infected individuals develop the encephalitis of HSV each year in the US. It is the most frequently fatal of all encephalitides. In this set of images, there is a region of very bright signal on MR (and high blood flow on SPECT; use the buttons at right) in the medial temporal lobe at left (patient's right). This corresponds to an area of active viral leptomeningeal and brain tissue infection. Hemorrhage can occur acutely, but is not seen in this case. You can see obliteration of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle because of swelling of the hippocampus. The remainder of the brain is relatively hypoperfused (use the buttons at right) and structurally normal. The MR images were obtained 5 days after onset of symptoms, and the follow-up SPECT 23 days later. How did this patient's symptoms relate to the location of the lesions? Go to the next tour point.

80. St. Louis Encephalitis Facts Includes cause, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/sle.html

St. Louis Encephalitis St. Louis encephalitis is a serious viral disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes. It is one of several mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and death. St. Louis encephalitis is found throughout the United States. There is no specific treatment for St. Louis encephalitis. Prevention centers on controlling mosquitoes and avoiding mosquito bites. What is St. Louis encephalitis? St. Louis encephalitis is a major mosquito-borne disease in the United States. It is one of a group of mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and even death. Other similar diseases are eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, and LaCrosse encephalitis. What is the infectious agent that causes St. Louis encephalitis? St. Louis encephalitis is caused by the St. Louis encephalitis virus, an arbovirus. Arbovirus is short for ar thropod- bo rne virus . Arboviruses are a large group of viruses that are spread by certain invertebrate animals (arthropods), mainly blood-sucking insects. In the United States, arboviruses are usually spread by infected mosquitoes. Birds are often the source of infection for mosquitoes, which can sometimes transmit the infection to animals and, in rare cases, people.

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