1. MedlinePlus: Encephalitis Directory of factsheets, articles, and news stories. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/encephalitis.html

@import url(http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Other health topics: A B C D ... List of All Topics Encephalitis Contents of this page: News From the NIH Overviews Diagnosis/Symptoms ... Children Search MEDLINE/PubMed for recent research articles on Encephalitis You may also be interested in these MedlinePlus related pages: Meningitis West Nile Virus Brain and Nervous System Latest News Encephalitis Kills 2 in Massachusetts (09/08/2005, United Press International) From the National Institutes of Health Encephalitis and Meningitis (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) Encephalitis and Meningitis (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) - Short Summary Overviews Encephalitis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research) JAMA Patient Page: Viral Encephalitis (American Medical Association) Diagnosis/Symptoms Computed Tomography (CT): Head (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America) Electroencephalogram (EEG) (National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center) - Links to PDF Also available in: Spanish Functional MR Imaging (fMRI): Brain (American College of Radiology, Radiological Society of North America)

2. NINDS Forwarding Page Information page compiled by NINDS, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/health_and_medical/disorders/encmenin_doc.htm

NINDS has redesigned its website and the URL for the page you were seeking has changed. The new URL for this page is /disorders/encephalitis_meningitis/encephalitis_meningitis.htm . Please update your bookmark to this page. You will be automatically taken to this page in 5 seconds, or you can click the link to go there now.

3. Encephalitis.info Home Page A comprehensive site for information about all aspects of encephalitis. The site is managed by the encephalitis Society based in the UK. http://www.encephalitis.info/

Home Contact Us Links The Society ... Donations We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here Buying books Support us by buying via our link Read more . . . Hits for the Encephalitis Information Resource: This web page was last updated on: 2005 Research Prize Read more . . . Families Weekend Meeting 23/24/25 September Read more . . . FACES Conference Philadelphia 9-11 September 2005 Read more . . . Your help is needed to maintain this site. The Resources on this site are provided free of charge: but to continue our work we rely on donations. Help people affected by encephalitis, worldwide, by supporting our work. Please click here for our donating page The Society The Illness Recovery ... Support Us

4. Eastern Equine Encephalitis Facts Includes cause, symptoms, diagnosis, risk facotrs, prognosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/equine.html

Eastern Equine Encephalitis Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare viral disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes. It is one of several mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and death. Eastern equine encephalitis is found mainly along the eastern seaboard of the United States and on the eastern Gulf coast. There is no specific treatment for eastern equine encephalitis. Prevention centers on controlling mosquitoes and avoiding mosquito bites. What is Eastern equine encephalitis? Eastern equine encephalitis is a rare disease that is spread to horses and humans by infected mosquitoes. It is among the most serious of a group of mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and even death. Other similar diseases are western equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and LaCrosse encephalitis. What is the infectious agent that causes eastern equine encephalitis? Eastern equine encephalitis is caused by the eastern equine encephalitis virus, an arbovirus. Arbovirus is short for

5. Japanese Encephalitis Facts Fact sheet with causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/jpenceph.html

Japanese Encephalitis Japanese encephalitis is a potentially severe viral disease that is spread by infected mosquitoes in the agricultural regions of Asia. It is one of several mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and death. Japanese encephalitis can be a risk to travelers to rural areas where the disease is common. There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis. A vaccine is licensed for use in travelers whose itineraries might put them at risk for Japanese encephalitis. All travelers should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites to prevent Japanese encephalitis and other mosquito-borne diseases. What is Japanese encephalitis? Japanese encephalitis is a disease that is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes in Asia. It is one of a group of mosquito-borne virus diseases that can affect the central nervous system and cause severe complications and even death. What is the infectious agent that causes Japanese encephalitis? Japanese encephalitis is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus, an arbovirus. Arbovirus is short for

6. Encephalitis encephalitis literally means an inflammation of the brain, but it usually refers to brain inflammation caused by a virus. http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/encephalitis.html

KidsHealth Parents Infections Encephalitis literally means an inflammation of the brain, but it usually refers to brain inflammation caused by a virus. It's a rare disease that only occurs in approximately 0.5 per 100,000 individuals - most commonly in children, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems (i.e., those with HIV/AIDS or cancer). Although several thousand cases of encephalitis (also called acute viral encephalitis or aseptic encephalitis ) are reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) every year, experts suspect that many more may go unreported because the symptoms are so mild. What Are the Signs and Symptoms? Symptoms in milder cases of encephalitis usually include: fever headache poor appetite loss of energy just a general sick feeling In more severe cases of encephalitis, a person is more likely to experience high fever and any of a number of symptoms that relate to the central nervous system including: severe headache nausea and vomiting stiff neck confusion disorientation personality changes convulsions (seizures) problems with speech or hearing hallucinations memory loss drowsiness coma It's harder to detect some of these symptoms in infants, but there are still some important signs to look for including:

7. Meningitis And Encephalitis Information Page National Institute encephalitis and meningitis information page compiled by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Encephalitis encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain. Although encephalitis sounds scary, understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatment can help you feel http://kidshealth.org/teen/infections/bacterial_viral/encephalitis.html

KidsHealth Teens Infections Encephalitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the brain. Encephalitis is usually caused by a virus , but other things, including bacteria, may cause it as well. Although encephalitis sounds scary, it's rarely serious. What Is Encephalitis? Encephalitis (pronounced: in-seh-fuh- lye -tus) is typically caused by three different groups of viruses. The herpes viruses fall into one group. They include chickenpox, EBV (Epstein-Barr virus - the virus that causes mono), and herpes simplex (the virus that causes cold sores). The second group is viruses that are transmitted by insects. Viruses like West Nile virus, which is transmitted through a mosquito bite, and Lyme disease and Rocky Mountain spotted fever, which are transmitted thorough tick bites, can also cause encephalitis. The third group of viruses is made up of common childhood viral infections. These include measles, mumps, and German measles. Because lots of countries immunize against these diseases, it's rarer today that a person will develop encephalitis as a result of an illness like measles or mumps. Some cases of encephalitis are mild and symptoms only last for a short time. However, it is possible to develop a severe case of encephalitis that can be serious and possibly even life threatening. When a person has encephalitis, his or her brain becomes inflamed -

9. Encephalitis Global Support for survivors, family and caregivers. Information about this disease, discussions, a chat room and international friendship between people who have been touched, and are striving to understand. http://groups.msn.com/EncephalitisGlobal

var nEditorialCatId = 96; MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Money Web Search: document.write(' Groups Groups Home My Groups Language ... Help Encephalitis Global EncephalitisGlobal@groups.msn.com What's New Join Now HomePage Our Site Directory ... September 9, 10 and 11, 2005 "Who then can so softly bind up the wound of another, as he who has felt the same wound himself?" (Thomas Jefferson) Welcome... "We encourage folks to learn about Encephalitis, and share the knowledge with others." (Wendy and friends at Encephalitis Global) Visitors... We would be honoured to know that we are spreading the news ... Please, sign our Guestbook Encephalitis Global Inc. is a non-profit organization and registered charity. Click HERE to learn more about us. For more information... Click here to directly email Wendy (website creator/manager). We subscribe to the HONcode principles of the Health On the Net Foundation CarePages are free, private web pages that connect patients and their families with their community of support to offer strength, support and encouragement when it's needed most. To learn more, visit

10. Encephalitis Information - Research Application Form encephalitis Information Resource a unique range of informative, easy to understand material. The most comprehensive and independent source of http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Mosquito-Borne Viruses, Harvard School Of Public Health Research of mosquitoborne viruses that focuses primarily on West Nile encephalitis, Eastern Equine encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and LaCrosse encephalitis. Includes mosquito facts, suggestions for mosquito control, and links to HSPH research and various outside resources. http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/mosquito/

Arboviruses Mosquito-borne viruses are part of a group of pathogens known as arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses. Blood-sucking insects usually spread arboviruses. One arbovirus that has generated much interest and news is the West Nile virus . Other mosquito-related illnesses not covered by this website include malaria, Dengue fever, yellow fever, California serogroup, Japanese, and Western Equine encephalitides. There are more than 100 arboviruses that can cause human diseases, including encephalitis (or swelling of the brain). Most people infected with arboviruses do not have symptoms or may develop flu-like symptoms, but in a small number of cases, some infections can cause coma or death. Arboviruses are most often detected during the summer months because that is when mosquitoes are most active. The organisms in which viruses survive the winter remain largely unknown. Transmission Few of the 2,000 species of mosquitoes carry microorganisms that cause disease in people. The source, maintenance, and transmission of the viruses are subjects still under study by

12. MedlinePlus Encephalitis encephalitis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Encephalitis encephalitis is an inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the brain, encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection, and many types of http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001415.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Encephalitis Contents of this page: Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms Signs and tests ... Prevention Definition Encephalitis is an inflammation (irritation and swelling) of the brain, usually caused by infections. See also meningitis Causes, incidence, and risk factors Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection, and many types of viruses may cause it. Exposure to viruses can occur through insect bites, food or drink contamination, inhalation of respiratory droplets from an infected person, or skin contact. In rural areas, arboviruses carried by mosquitoes or ticks , or accidentally ingested are the most common cause. In urban areas, enteroviruses are most common, including coxsackievirus, poliovirus, and echovirus. Other causes include herpes simplex infection, varicella (chickenpox or shingles measles mumps rubella , adenovirus, rabies West Nile virus , and extremely rarely, vaccinations Once the virus has entered the bloodstream, it may localize in the brain, causing inflammation of brain tissue and surrounding membranes. White blood cells invade the brain tissue as they try to fight off the infection.

14. CNN - New York City Takes Steps To Combat Outbreak Of Encephalitis - September 1 CNN http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9909/10/encephalitis.outbreak/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. LOCAL ... daily almanac MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists. Enter your address: document.write(' '); Or: Get a free e-mail account E-MAIL DISCUSSION: message boards chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: AsiaNow Svenska Norge Danmark ... Italian FASTER ACCESS: europe japan TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: more networks transcripts SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: health > story page New York City takes steps to combat outbreak of encephalitis September 10, 1999 Web posted at: 4:45 a.m. EDT (0845 GMT) NEW YORK (CNN) Three people have died in a recent outbreak of mosquito-borne encephalitis, and nine cases throughout the city are under investigation, according to health authorities. It was New York's first confirmed outbreak of the disease, a strain known as St. Louis encephalitis. Most of the cases have occurred in the borough of Queens. The virus typically infects birds, and can be transmitted by mosquitos. Authorities said the virus is rarely found in the northeastern United States. To combat the outbreak, health officials are overseeing a campaign to spray pesticide from helicopters, and by health workers on foot.

15. CDC Fact Sheet Eastern Equine Encephalitis - CDC Division Of Eastern Equine encephalitis Fact Sheet. Japanese encephalitis Neato Mosquito Curriculum Guide Eastern Equine encephalitis Fact Sheet Updated! http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Fästingburen Hjärninflammation - Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE) Om symptom, f¶rekomst och f¶rebyggande ¥tg¤rder. http://www.netdoktor.se/sjukdomar/Fakta/TBE.htm

17. CDC West Nile Virus Homepage Background, entomology, vertebrate ecology, NYC area outbreak, virology, surveillance, control, prevention, and bibliography regarding West Nile http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. EMedicine Health - Encephalitis Overview encephalitis is an acute infection and inflammation of the brain itself. This is in contrast to meningitis, which is an inflammation of the layers covering http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/17223-1.asp

Search September 8, 2005 Registration Healthcare Professionals You are in: Brain and Nervous System Encephalitis Encephalitis Overview Encephalitis is an acute infection and inflammation of the brain itself. This is in contrast to meningitis , which is an inflammation of the layers covering the brain. Encephalitis is generally a viral illness. Viruses such as those responsible for causing cold sores, mumps, measles, and chickenpox can also cause encephalitis. A certain family of viruses, the Arboviruses are spread by insects such as mosquitoes and ticks. The equine (meaning horse ), West Nile, Japanese, La Crosse, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses are all mosquito-borne. Although viruses are the most common source of infection, bacteria, fungi, and parasites can also be responsible. The illness resembles the flu and usually lasts for 2-3 weeks. It can vary from mild to life-threatening, and even cause death. Most people with a mild case can recover fully. Those with a more severe case can recover although they may have damage to their nervous system. This damage can be permanent. Age, season, geographic location, regional climate conditions, and strength of the person's immune system play a role in development of the disease and severity of the illness.

19. Encephalitis – Types Of Encephalitis – ADEM The encephalitis Society. encephalitis – Types of encephalitis – ADEM. Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis. This paper was prepared by Dr Clive Hawkins http://www.encephalitis.info/TheIllness/TypesEncephalitis/ADEM.html

Home Contact Us Links The Society ... Links to other sites Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis This paper was prepared by Dr Clive Hawkins Consultant Neurologist / Senior Lecturer Royal Infirmary, Stoke on Trent Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) accounts for up to one third of all known cases of encephalitis. This illness usually follows in the wake of exanthema or after other viral infections or immunisations. There is usually a latent period of days to two to three weeks. This illness was first described 250 years ago by the distinguished English physician, Clifton who noted that it occurred occasionally in patients who had smallpox. The white matter of the brain is predominantly affected and under the microscope it can be seen that there is invasion around small veins by white blood cells from the blood. Where these cells accumulate myelin is destroyed. The illness has been poorly understood and a variety of terminologies used to describe it, these including post infectious, parainfectious or post vaccinial. Clinical Presentation Investigations The cerebrospinal fluid is frequently abnormal showing an increase in white cells and protein. The electroencephalogram is abnormal in most cases showing diffuse slowing. Magnetic resonance imaging typically shows multiple areas of abnormality in the white matter of the brain.

20. Japanische Encephalitis Der Gesundheitsdienst vom Ausw¤rtigen Amt der Bundesrepublik Deutschland informiert ¼ber die gef¤hrliche, in Ost und S¼dostasien vorkommende Form einer Entz¼ndung des Gehirns und die M¶glichkeit der Impfung. http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/de/laenderinfos/gesundheitsdienst/merkblatt/e

var imagepath ="/www/de/"; AA-Homepage Gesundheitsdienst Merkblätter Japanische Encephalitis Japanische Encephalitis Bitte beachten Sie in jedem Fall den untenstehenden Haftungsausschluss. Die Infektion Das Krankheitsbild Die Diagnose Die Therapie Prophylaxe / Impfung Haftungsausschluss Die Japanische Encephalitis (Encephalitis Japonica) ist eine Viruserkrankung des menschlichen Gehirns, die in Ost- und Südostasien regional, besonders auf dem Land von Bedeutung ist. Die Infektion führt relativ selten zu einer tatsächlichen Erkrankung. Stellen sich allerdings Krankheitssymptome ein, so muß mit einer hohen Sterblichkeit von 50 % (!) gerechnet werden. Die Infektion: Das Krankheitsbild: Nach der Infektion kommt es bei den meisten Infizierten zu gar keinen merklichen Reaktionen. Bei Einzelnen (s.o.) folgt einem allgemein symptomatischen Stadium mit allgemeiner Schwäche, Abgeschlagenheit, Fieber und diffusen Beschwerden dann der Befall des Gehirns, der mit Bewußtlosigkeit, Krämpfen und tödlichem Ausgang enden kann. Die Kranken sind, nachdem sie infiziert worden sind, nur bei intensivstem Kontakt (Blut zu Blut - s. Infektionswege wie bei Hepatitis B oder AIDS) infektiös - s. dazu auch unten letzter Absatz. Die Diagnose: Im Endemiegebiet ist die Diagnose durch ärztliche Untersuchung, Einschätzung durch den erfahrenen mit lokalen Krankheiten versierten Arzt, die Krankengeschichte mit Aufenthalt im Endemiegebiet und den Krankheitsverlauf sowie Laboruntersuchungen möglich. Beim Reiserückkehrer, dem in Mitteleuropa i.d.R. beste medizinische Untersuchungsmöglichkeiten geboten sind, klären nach einigen Tagen des Krankheitsverlaufs spezielle Antikörperuntersuchungen die Diagnose.

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