1. IGeneX, Inc. - Ehrlichiosis of the disease and diagnostic tests....... http://www.igenex.com/tickset2.htm

2. Ehrlichiosis Short scientific article with bibliography on the disease in humans and animals. http://chppm-www.apgea.army.mil/ento/erlichio.htm

US ARMY CENTER FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Entomological Sciences Program EHRLICHIOSIS (21 July 1994) In response to questions resulting from the recent news reports of 'new tick-borne illness causing deaths in the Midwest,' the following information is provided: Ehrlichioses are diseases caused by rickettsia-like organisms, which are extremely small, intracellular bacteria belonging to the family Rickettsiaceae, genus Ehrlichia (Tansill 1984). Ehrlichiosis was first described in Algerian dogs in 1935 (Donatien et al. 1935, Bakken 1994), and in the 1960s, a number of military guard dogs stationed in Vietnam died from complications of a hemorrhagic illness caused by Ehrlichia canis (Keefe et al. 1982). Human ehrlichiosis is a more recently recognized disease. The first diagnosed case occurred in 1986 in a 51-yr-old man from Detroit who had been exposed to ticks in a rural area of Arkansas (Maeda et al. 1987). In 1990, the agent of human ehrlichiosis was isolated from the blood of a U.S. Army reservist at Fort Chaffee, AR (Dawson et al. 1991). The newly recognized organism was named E. chaffeensis

3. Ehrlichiosis Facts Newly discovered rickettsial diseases transmitted by ticks. Includes symptoms, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/ehrlichiosis.html

Ehrlichiosis Most infections are mild or without symptoms, but some can be severe and life-threatening. Ehrlichiosis can usually be treated with antibiotics. Prevention centers on avoiding exposure to ticks and removing attached ticks promptly. What is ehrlichiosis? Ehrlichiosis is a newly recognized and potentially life-threatening disease that is spread by ticks. Since 1986, two types of human ehrlichiosis have been identified in the United States: human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). The illnesses differ in the types of white blood cells they attack either monocytes or granulocytes. What is the infectious agent that causes ehrlichiosis? Ehrlichiosis is caused by specialized bacteria called rickettsiae. HME is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis . HGE is caused by a newly identified but as yet unnamed Ehrlichia Where is ehrlichiosis found? In the United States, HME has so far been concentrated in the southeast and south-central regions. HGE has been found mainly in the upper midwestern and northeastern states, but also in northern California. How do people get ehrlichiosis?

4. KEY FACTS ABOUT LYME AND EHRLICHIOSIS TICK-BORNE DISEASES Includes symptoms, carriers, prevention, and proper tick removal techniques. http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/ticks/keyfacts.htm

A recently discovered and sometimes fatal illness carried by ticks can be difficult to distinguish from Lyme disease . This illness, called Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE) , is spread by the deer tick, the same tick that carries Lyme disease. The following information has been compiled from various sources by Thomas H. Nicholls, research wildlife biologist, working on bird vectors of these diseases. The following key facts are designed to provide field workers with important information needed to protect themselves. The chief vector of both diseases is the deer tick, Ixodes scapularis=(I. dammini) . Both diseases are caused by bacteria. The white-footed mouse is the principal reservoir host for these bacteria in nature with deer being an important tick host. Early detection, disease identification, and treatment are critical in preventing long term complications caused by these diseases Laboratory diagnostic tests are not 100% reliable, especially during the first 3 weeks after infection. The most reliable readily available test is the Western blot and patients should be sure to ask for this to be performed. A more sophisticated test

5. Species Jump: Human Ehrlichiosis- Mutant Or Emergence? Research article on the disease. Includes organism description, similar organisms, symptoms, bibliography, and speculation on the origin of the rickettsia. http://www.doofus.org/mercatroid/ehrlichia.html

StudyWeb By Belinda Williams Species Jump: Human Ehrlichiosis- Mutant or Emergence? Introduction: Ehrlichia are gram negative, nonmotile, obligate intracellular coccobacilli belonging to the family Rickettsiaceae with much similarity both in structure and disease to the pathogens responsible for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever,Q-fever, and Typhus. Ehrlichiosis is a tick borne zoonotic infection which passes into mammalian host blood via tick bites. Three tick species have been identified as vectors of Ehrlichia infection; Ixodes scapularis (deer tick), Amblyomma americanum (Lone Star tick), and Dermacentor variabilis (American Dog tick). Clinical Signs and Symptoms: Symptoms of ehrlichiosis in cattle, dogs, and horses resemble the human infection, although horses developswollen legs as well, which clues veterinarians to the possibility of Ehrlichia infection. One researcher, Dr. John E. Madigan at university of California Davis school of veterinary medicine has noted correlation between outbreaks of equine ehrlichiosis and human cases. "If horses are getting it (ehrlichiosis) in a certain geographical region, people are getting it also," he said. "Veterinarians are very skilled at identifying ehrlichiosis in horses. The appearance of the disease in horses should serve as a marker for public health officials to the potential of human infections occurring in the same area. Treatment: Ehrlichia bacteria are susceptible to a broad spectrum of antibiotics, with tetracycline and doxycycline the drugs of choice. Since these drugs can result in abnormal tooth coloration in children, infected children are usually treated with chloramphenicol as an effective alternative. Severe cases may require hospitalization in order to monitor organ function and leukocyte titers and to administer intraveinous fluid replacement. Additional antibiotics may be necessary if secondary infection occurs. There have been cases of spontaneous recovery in the absence of treatment.

6. Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Introduction will focus on the types of ehrlichiosis that occur in the United States. Human ehrlichiosis due to Ehrlichia chaffeensis was first described in 1987. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/ehrlichia/Index.htm

Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch Human Ehrlichiosis in the United States VRZB Home DVRD Home NCID Home Contents Introduction The Organisms Natural History Epidemiology Laboratory Detection ... Glossary Introduction Toward the end of the 19th century, scientists began to understand the important potential for ticks to act as transmitters of disease. In the last decades of the 20th century, several tick-borne diseases have been recognized in the United States, including babesiosis Lyme disease , and ehrlichiosis. Ehrlichiosis is caused by several bacterial species in the genus Ehrlichia (pronounced err-lick-ee-uh) which have been recognized since 1935. Over several decades, veterinary pathogens that caused disease in dogs, cattle, sheep, goats, and horses were identified. Currently, three species of Ehrlichia in the United States and one in Japan are known to cause disease in humans; others could be recognized in the future as methods of detection improve. In 1953, the first ehrlichial pathogen of humans was identified in Japan. Sennetsu fever, caused by

7. Ehrlichiosis Facts ehrlichiosis. ehrlichiosis airlick-ee-OH-sis is a newly recognized bacterial ehrlichiosis can usually be treated with antibiotics. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. The Human Ehrlichiosis In The United States, Questions And Answers In the United States, where do most cases of ehrlichiosis occur? Most cases of ehrlichiosis are reported within the geographic distribution of the vector http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/ehrlichia/Q&A/Q&A.htm

Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch Human Ehrlichiosis in the United States VRZB Home DVRD Home NCID Home Contents Introduction The Organisms Natural History Epidemiology ... Glossary Questions and Answers What is ehrlichiosis? Ehrlichiosis is the general name used to describe several bacterial diseases that affect animals and humans. These diseases are caused by the organisms in the genus Ehrlichia . Worldwide, there are currently four ehrlichial species that are known to cause disease in humans. How do people get ehrlichiosis? In the United States, ehrlichiae are transmitted by the bite of an infected tick. The lone star tick ( Amblyomma americanum ), the blacklegged tick ( Ixodes scapularis ), and the western blacklegged tick ( Ixodes pacificus ) are known vectors of ehrlichiosis in the United States. Ixodes ricinus is the primary vector in Europe. What are the symptoms of ehrlichiosis? The symptoms of ehrlichiosis may resemble symptoms of various other infectious and non-infectious diseases. These clinical features generally include fever, headache, fatigue, and muscle aches. Other signs and symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cough, joint pains, confusion, and occasionally rash. Symptoms typically appear after an incubation period of 5-10 days following the tick bite.

9. Human Ehrlichioses In The United States, Introduction Viral and Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch Human ehrlichiosis in the United States VRZB Home DVRD Home NCID Home Contents http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. Ehrlichiosis A Disease From Ticks Familydoctor.org Information about ehrlichiosis from the American Academy of Family Physicians. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Canine Ehrlichiosis - Mesa Veterinary Hospital ehrlichiosis, often called tick fever or tropical canine pancytopenia, The brown dog tick carries the organism causing ehrlichiosis and transmits the http://www.mesavet.com/library/ehrlich.htm

Home Client Forms Careers Search MVH WELCOMES NEW DOCTOR Mesa Veterinary Hospital is pleased to announce the arrival of Associate Veterinarian Dr. Michelle Moeller . Dr. Moeller comes to Mesa after completing a year-long internship at Animal Referral and Emergency Center of Arizona, where she focused on small animal medicine and surgery. WE HAVE A WINNER! The winner of our Senior Pet Challenge contest is Lesilie Peterson of Chandler, Arizona. Lesilie owns a senior dog and cats. She'll receive 100 pounds of Hill's Science Diet Dog Food. The winner was selected from the correct entries received. Congratulations Lesilie! Canine Ehrlichiosis Ehrlichiosis, often called tick fever or tropical canine pancytopenia, is a tick-transmitted disease affecting dogs. The brown dog tick carries the organism causing Ehrlichiosis and transmits the disease while feeding on the dog’s blood. Symptoms The disease has two phases, acute and chronic. The acute phase occurs 1-3 weeks following tick exposure. Clinical signs of illness are rather nonspecific and may include listlessness, swollen lymph nodes, anorexia, fever, and discharge from the nose and eyes. The signs of the chronic phase may include those mentioned for the acute phase plus nosebleeds or other abnormal bleeding and weight loss. The chronic phase may occur several months following the acute phase.

12. Tick Research Laboratory University of Rhode Island site engaged in research about tickborne diseases. Photo gallery and information about Lyme disease, babesiosis, and ehrlichiosis. http://riaes.cels.uri.edu/resources/ticklab/

The University of Rhode Island's Navigate this site Lyme Disease Information Tick Images and Movies Symptoms, Signs and Treatment Tick Links RI Agricultural Experiment Station University of Rhode Island Home THE TICK RESEARCH LABORATORY is a nonprofit adjunct of the Department of Fisheries, Animal and Veterinary Science at the University of Rhode Island. Major funding comes from the RI Agricultural Experiment Station . We are devoted to the study of various aspects of tick-borne diseases, especially Lyme disease, including epidemiology, prevention and control strategies. Since 1983, research on ticks and other ectoparasites of both mammals and birds has been in progress in this laboratory, and the results have been reported in scientific literature and at professional meetings. This work has been supported by various governmental and private agencies. NOTE: TICK TESTING AT URI HAS BEEN DISCONTINUED. Please see your health care provider for testing.

13. Ehrlichiosis ehrlichiosis (21 July 1994) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. Animal And Zoonotic Disease Surveillance Federation of American Scientists' project for proactive surveillance of zoonoses and other animal diseases. Includes information on rabies, West Nile fever, ehrlichiosis, equine encephalitis, anthrax, Pfiesteria, mad cow disease, deformed frogs, and diseases of both wildlife and farm animals. http://www.fas.org/ahead/

ILIAD-Tanzania Agro-terrorism ProMED Search Project ... The Role of Disease Surveillance in the Watch for Agro-terrorism or Economic Sabotage FAS addresses these issues through public education and international collaboration. The project's operational arm, ILIAD-Tanzania , is a pilot test of a surveillance system designed for remote rural areas in developing or reorganizing countries. Eschewing passive surveillance in favor of a pro-active, response-oriented, continuously operating network that begins at the village level, this system offers the promise of timely and accurate disease detection, diagnosis, prevention, and control. As a fully collaborative program between veterinary service workers, local farmers, wildlife conservation personnel and local governments, it provides a logistical framework for treatment, education and outbreak reporting. It is anticipated that the program will, over time, alleviate poverty in remote villages by increasing livestock and poultry production, control zoonotic diseases in human populations, and prevent disease epidemics in wild animal populations. Special Reports and Outbreak Maps: Chronic Wasting Disease in American Elk and Deer (map) Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Afghan War Theatre (map) Misconceptions about Anthrax Anthrax in the United States: 1997-2002 (maps) Bluetongue: Mediterranean Emergence - Chronicling the Spread from 1997-2002 (map) Outbreak Map Archive News: ProMED-AHEAD-mail Outbreak Reports OIE Weekly Status Reports AnimalNet Archives FAS Disease Archive Continuing Concerns:

15. Lyme Disease Network Offers a forum, a list of support groups, online library, legal resources, medical abstracts, a newsletter and links. Also information about the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. BBI Clinical Laboratories Independent specialty clinical reference laboratory offering detection, confirmation, identification of tickborne diseases including Lyme disease, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, and babesia. Includes information about tests. http://www.bbii.com/docsvr/docviewer.asp?DT=BC&DI=83

17. American Lyme Disease Foundation, Inc. Details about the ALDF, their programs and services, other tickborne infections, FAQs, news, events, related links and learn about a vaccine. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. IGeneX Inc, - Ehrlichiosis Human ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by rickettsial type organisms that are ehrlichiosis usually presents with high fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, http://www.igenex.com/tickopt2.htm

Ehrlichiosis Human Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by rickettsial type organisms that are transmitted in part by the SAME TICKS that carry Lyme disease. Ehrlichiosis usually presents with high fever, malaise, headache, myalgia, sweats, and nausea. Patients diagnosed with Ehrlichia should also be tested for Lyme disease due to the fact that co-infections have been documented in several patients. There are two forms of the disease caused by the Ehrlichia species: E. chaffeensis and E. phagocytophilia , which cause the human diseases, Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (HME) and Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE), respectively. HME has been linked to the bites of Amblyomma Americanum (Lone Star Tick) and HGE has been closely linked to the bites of Ixodes Scapularis and Ixodes Pacificus . The Dermacentor Variabilis (dog tick) has also been suggested in the transmission of both. Seroconversion usually occurs between two and four weeks after infection. HME: First described in 1987 and confirmed in 30 states, predominately in the southeast and mid-atlantic states. HME has also been found in Europe and Africa.

19. Canine Ehrlichiosis - Mesa Veterinary Hospital Canine ehrlichiosis. ehrlichiosis, often called tick fever or tropical canine pancytopenia, is a ticktransmitted disease affecting dogs. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Ehrlichiosis ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by Ehrlichia organisms. The infectious organism of ehrlichiosis is transmitted to humans by the bite of a tick. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001381.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Ehrlichiosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Ehrlichiosis Antibodies Definition Return to top Erhlichiosis is an infectious disease transmitted by the bite of a tick Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Ehrlichiosis is a disease caused by Ehrlichia organisms. It was first described in 1990. The two specific organisms that have been implicated are Ehrlichia chaffeensis and granulocytic Ehrlichia. The Ehrlichia bacteria belong to the family Rickettsiae. Rickettsial organisms are responsible for a number of serious diseases with worldwide distribution such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever typhus murine typhus , scrub typhus, Queensland tick typhus, Boutonneuse fever , North Asian tick-borne rickettsiosis, rickettsial pox, and others. All of these diseases require an insect (tick, flea, mite) to transmit them to humans or other animals. The infectious organism of ehrlichiosis is transmitted to humans by the bite of a tick. Rickettsiae are often associated with a specific tick. Ehrlichia inhabit the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum), the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), and the deer ticks (Ixodes dammini and Ixodes scapularis). (NOTE: the deer tick is also the carrier of

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