1. DIPHTHERIA Pediatric Oncall Presented is a case study of a 1½ years old male patient with diptheria. http://www.pediatriconcall.com/fordoctor/casereports/diphtheria.asp

DOCTOR CORNER Search GO Home Back Ask Doctor Post Query Education Image Gallery Teaching Files Question of the day Specialist Answers Latest Updates Conference Journal Search Original Articles Clinical Trials Search For Pediatricians Hospitals Special Schools Drug Index ... Sign Out DIPHTHERIA UserName Password New Register Forgot password Dr. Ira Shah M.D, DNB, DCH(Gold Medalist), FCPS Case Report: However, 4 weeks after the onset of the disease, he developed weakness in both the upper limbs and lower limbs with pooling of secretions in the mouth. An EMG/NCV revealed demyelinating neuropathy and he required ventilatory support for the same for 15 days. Thus, he had post diphtheric polyneuropathy also. In the 5th week of the illness, he had a tender hepatomegaly with elevated liver enzymes (SGOT = 2000 IU/L, SGPT = 3,672 IU/L) which subsided within a week. Thus, he also suffered post-diphtheric hepatitis. The child gradually regained power in all the limbs and his glomerulonephritis and myocarditis also responded. He was given primary immunization of BCG, OPV, DPT and Hepatitis B on discharge and advised regarding completion of the entire immunization schedule.

2. Diptheria diptheria Disease and Epidemiology. Disease. Epidemiology of diptheria Disease. Epidemiology of diptheria. Vaccine Schedule http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Diptheria greenbullet1.gif (167 bytes) Diphtheria CDC Current Case Definition for Surveillance. The current clinical case definition of diphtheria for surveillance http://edcp.org/html/diptheria.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Diphtheria Current Case Definition for Surveillance The current clinical case definition of diphtheria for surveillance purposes is: "An upper respiratory tract illness characterized by sore throat, low-grade fever, and an adherent membrane of the tonsils(s), pharynx, and/or nose." Beginning in 1980, cutaneous diphtheria was excluded from reporting in the United States. A laboratory criterion for diagnosis involves either isolation of the organism from a clinical specimen or a histopathologic diagnosis of diphtheria. A confirmed case is one that is clinically compatible and either laboratory confirmed or epidemiologically linked to a laboratory-confirmed case. Photo Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Contro l Immunization The diphtheria toxoid was developed in 1921, came into use in the early 1930's, and into widespread use in the United States in diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DTP) from the mid 1940's. While adequate studies of clinical efficacy are lacking, a protective level of antitoxin is reached in over 95% of young children following the primary series of four toxoid doses.

4. Tetanus And Diphtheria - Aventis Pasteur Offers facts about tetanus, and diptheria and their prevention. http://www.tetanus.org

Provided as a public health service by sanofi pasteur.

5. Diphtheria Includes cause, symptoms, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

6. Diptheria greenbullet1.gif (167 bytes) Current Case Definition for Surveillance Diphtheria CDC. The current clinical case definition of diphtheria for surveillance http://edcp.org/factsheets/diptheria.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Diphtheria Current Case Definition for Surveillance The current clinical case definition of diphtheria for surveillance purposes is: "An upper respiratory tract illness characterized by sore throat, low-grade fever, and an adherent membrane of the tonsils(s), pharynx, and/or nose." Beginning in 1980, cutaneous diphtheria was excluded from reporting in the United States. A laboratory criterion for diagnosis involves either isolation of the organism from a clinical specimen or a histopathologic diagnosis of diphtheria. A confirmed case is one that is clinically compatible and either laboratory confirmed or epidemiologically linked to a laboratory-confirmed case. Photo Courtesy of the Centers for Disease Control Immunization The diphtheria toxoid was developed in 1921, came into use in the early 1930's, and into widespread use in the United States in diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine (DTP) from the mid 1940's. While adequate studies of clinical efficacy are lacking, a protective level of antitoxin is reached in over 95% of young children following the primary series of four toxoid doses.

7. Healthubs.com A brief definition of diptheria, followed by links to overviews, research articles, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. http://www.healthubs.com/diptheria

Click here to go to healthubs.com Click here to go to healthubs.com

8. Diphtheria Facts Includes symptoms, cause, diagnosis, complications, treatment, and prevention. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Diptheria diptheria Disease and Epidemiology. Disease Epidemiology of diptheria Vaccine Schedule. Home MMR Hep B Td diptheria Varicella Schedule http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2000/CommunityHealth/html/diptheria

Diptheria: Disease and Epidemiology Disease Epidemiology of Diptheria Vaccine Schedule Home ... Links This web site was developed by undergraduate students at Brown University as a project for a course in vaccine development (Bio 160). An effort has been made to present information on the prevalent opinions available at this time. References to published articles and acknowledgements of other sources are cited in the text. The authors of this web site are not certified medical professionals. Biomedical research and clinical medicine are constantly evolving fields, thus it is possible that significant advances in research and treatments will come into existence following posting of this web site.

10. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Diphtheria only 10 years from the time of vaccination, so it is important for adults to get a booster of tetanusdiptheria (Td) vaccine every 10 years. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Diptheria Epidemiology Of the 49 cases of diptheria observed from 19801999, 40 cases were reported ÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝ In the 1920s, 100000-200000 cases of diptheria (140-150 cases http://www.brown.edu/Courses/Bio_160/Projects2000/CommunityHealth/html/diptheria

Epidemiology of Diptheria Whoís at risk? Unimmunized adults Inadequately immunized adults older persons Persons of Native American background Persons of lower economic strata How many cases per year? United States: From 1980-1999 only 49 cases (average of 3 cases per year) Prevalence of infection Generally worldwide: More prevalent in temperate zones outbreak of diptheria began in 1990 in the Russian Federation by 1994, all 15 Newly Independent States were affected mostly adult were infected United States: in the southeast during the winter time highest incidence rates have been in states with a significant population of Native Americans no geographic concentration of cases s currently observed Of the 49 cases of diptheria observed from 1980-1999, 40 cases were reported with known age (most cases occurred in unimmunized or inadequately immunized persons) Trends in the United States In the 1920s, 100,000-200,000 cases of diptheria (140-150 cases per 100,000 population) and 13,000-15000 deaths were reported each year. The number of cases gradually fell to about 19,000 in 1945 (15 cases per 100,000 population). A more rapid decrease began with the introduction and use of toxoid in the late 1940s. From 1970-1979 an average of 196 cases per year were reported. And from 1980-1999, only 49 cases were reported in the United States (an average of 3 per year).

12. Facts About Diphtheria For Adults February 2003 Click here for additional information on diptheria. Return to the FACTSHEETS menu http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. Centers For Disease Control- Diptheria - Baby Bag® Online diptheria. from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. March 9, 1995 CDC IMMUNIZATION INFORMATION DIPHTHERIA OVERVIEW. The Disease http://www.babybag.com/articles/cdc_dip.htm

Diptheria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention March 9, 1995 CDC IMMUNIZATION INFORMATION DIPHTHERIA OVERVIEW The Disease Years ago, diphtheria was a widespread and greatly feared disease. Through the 1920's it struck about 150,000 people a year, and killed about 15,000 of them. Since then, these figures have dropped considerably, thanks to parents who have gotten their children immunized against this terrible disease. There were only 918 cases in 1960, 435 in 1970, and 128 in 1976. Today, only a few cases occur each year. Diphtheria is caused by a germ that lives in the mouth, throat, and nose of an infected person. It is easily passed to others through coughing or sneezing. Early symptoms of diphtheria are a sore throat, a slight fever, and chills. Usually, the disease develops in the throat. It can make it hard to swallow and even cause the patient to suffocate. Some people may be infected but not appear ill. They can also spread the infection. If diphtheria is not properly treated, or not treated in time, the bacteria may produce a powerful poison. This poison can spread throughout the body causing serious complications such as heart failure or paralysis. About 1 person in 10 who gets diphtheria dies from it. Immunization Diphtheria vaccine is usually given together with tetanus and pertussisvaccines in a shot called DTP. You can read about DTP vaccine on page .

14. DBMD - Diphtheria - Technical Information Clinical Features Respiratory diphtheria presents as a sore throat with lowgrade fever and an adherent membrane of the tonsils, pharynx, or nose. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Centers For Disease Control- Diptheria - Baby Bag Online diptheria http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Diphtheria Protective immunity lasts only 10 years from the time of vaccination, so it is important for adults to get a booster of tetanusdiptheria (Td) vaccine every http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001608.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Diphtheria Contents of this page: Illustrations Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors Symptoms ... Prevention Illustrations Antibodies Definition Return to top Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by the toxin-producing bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Diphtheria is usually transmitted by contact with respiratory droplets from infected persons or asymptomatic carriers. It can also be transmitted by contaminated objects or foods (such as contaminated milk). The incubation period is 2 to 5 days. The bacteria primarily infect the nose and throat, although they may initially infect the skin, producing skin lesions Corynebacterium diphtheriae produces a toxin that causes tissue damage ( necrosis ) in the immediate area of the infection, usually the nose and throat. It can also spread via the bloodstream to other organs, where it can cause significant damage. Although the toxin can damage any tissue, the heart and nervous system are most frequently and most severely affected. Localized infection in the throat and tonsillar area produces a characteristic membrane that is gray to black, tough, and fibrous. This membrane can cause

17. Tetnus And Diptheria Tetanus (lockjaw) and diphtheria are serious diseases. Tetanus is caused by a germ that enters the body through a cut or wound. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Diptheria Vaccines Diphtheria vaccines DPT/DT/DTPH/aP vaccines Diphtheria vaccine deaths 19191948 Deaths decline Statistics http://www.whale.to/v/diptheria.html

Diphtheria Diseases Quotes Articles: Diphtheria by Hilary Butler Diphtheria by John Tilden MD Treatment of epidemics with Homeopathy by Julian Winston Vaccines: Diphtheria vaccines DPT/DT/DTPH/aP vaccines Diphtheria vaccine deaths 1919-1948 Deaths decline: Statistics Graphs Diphtheria deaths graph (USA) Home

19. Diptheria Toxin Diphtheria toxin (DT) was once a major killer of children before immunizations against the virus began in the late 1920s. Since then researchers http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Diptheria Quotes diptheria a disease of poverty, poor sanitation and water supply diptheria curable with natural healing Homeopathy more successful than allopathy http://www.whale.to/a/diptheria1.html

Diphtheria quotes Diphtheria Quotes [A disease of poverty and poor sanitation similar to smallpox, which recalls Dr Mendelsohn comment: "For thirty years kids died from smallpox vaccinations even though no longer threatened by the disease." Diptheria a disease of poverty, poor sanitation and water supply Diptheria curable with natural healing Homeopathy more successful than allopathy Damage from Diptheria antitoxin ... Diptheria vaccine a complete failure "Up to 90% of the total decline in the death rate of children between 1860-1965 because of whooping cough, scarlet fever, diptheria, and measles occurred before the introduction of immunisations and antibiotics."- Dr Archie Kalokerinos, M.D. The several forms of these intestinal crises, or drunks, follow holidays or feast-days. The lightest drunks are named colds, "flu," tonsilitis; the heaviest, diphtheria. In those who eliminate through the skin (the eruptive fevers), the lightest form is called measles; the heavier, scarlet fever; the heaviest, black smallpox. Children: Their Health and Happiness by J. H.

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