61. Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Trust : Diabetic Retinopathy Moorfields Eye Hospital is the leading centre for Ophthalmic care worldwide. http://www.moorfields.org.uk/EyeHealth/DiabeticRetinopathy

Home Eye Health For Patients For Health Professionals ... Squint (strabismus) Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Treatment Retinopathy facts Common Questions ... Eye Health Diabetic Retinopathy printable page Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetes is a common disease and has important implications for the short term and long term health of sufferers. This section will tell you more about diabetes and how it affects the eye. Effects of diabetes Fluctuations in blood sugar can cause changes in the focussing of the crystalline lens within the eye and cause temporary visual blurring, particularly if diabetic control is poor. Diabetes can also cause cataracts in young people, or accelerate the development of cataract in older people. Diabetic retinopathy is one of the commonest causes of blindness in the UK in people between the ages of 30-65, and 12% of people who are registered blind and partially sighted each year have diabetic eye disease. At any one time up to 10% of people with diabetes will have retinopathy requiring medical follow up or treatment. Diabetes can also affect other organs, and the presence and severity of retinopathy may be an indicator of increased risk of other complications of diabetes such as ischaemic heart disease, kidney disease, or diabetic neuropathy (which contributes to male impotence, and diabetic foot disease).

62. Screening For Diabetic Retinopathy : An Overview A review of medical sceening for diabetic retinopathy. http://www.priory.com/med/eye.htm

Screening for Diabetic Retinopathy: An Overview Somdutt Prasad MS FRCS Fellow in Diabetic Eye Disease Arrowe Park Hospital Upton, Wirral L49 5PE, UK somprasad@enterprise.net Introduction The Case for Screening The Screening Process ... Conclusion Introduction Probably the first written reference to diabetes is found in the Ebers Papyrus of ancient Egypt dating back to about 1550 BC. The disease knows no medical speciality boundaries. Diabetic retinopathy is a specific microvascular complication of both insulin dependant (type1) and non insulin dependant (type 2) diabetes. The prevalence of retinopathy is strongly linked to the duration of diabetes. After 20 years of diabetes nearly all patients with type 1 diabetes and over 60% of patients with type 2 diabetes have some degree of retinopathy. Upto a fifth of newly diagnosed diabetics have been found to have some retinopathy. A diabetic is 25 times more likely to go blind than a person in the general population. Surveillance and treatment of diabetes-related complications should be part of routine care of all patients with diabetes. Treatment should try to ensure normoglycaemia as far as practicable. Intensive treatment designed to keep glucose levels close to normal has been shown to reduce the risk of developing long term complicatons including retinopathy and slow the progression of pre-existing retinopathy in Insulin-dependent diabetes . It is not unreasonable to assume a similar effect in non-insulin dependant diabetes. Risk factors (see text box) need to be assessed and managed appropriately. The natural history and screening recommendations for diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy must be understood, since even advanced disease can be asymptomatic.

63. Diabetic Retinopathy Information Details about the symptoms, detection, prevention, treatment, and of diabetic retinopathy. http://www.eyecaresource.com/eye-diseases/diabetic-retinopathy.php

Diabetic Retinopathy What is Diabetic Retinopathy? Diabetic Retinopathy is yet another problem faced with those people who have diabetes. Diabetes damages tiny blood vessels inside the retina causing degradation. As diabetic retinopathy becomes more severe, new blood vessels begin to form on the retina that could break and cause severe vision loss. The disease is usually un-noticed, but as more and more blood vessels are damaged and new ones are formed, the higher the chances of vision loss. It is recommended that people with diabetes get a thorough eye examination once a year. Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy Mild Nonproliferative Retinopathy - Microaneurysms, small swellings in the retina's tiny blood vessels, form Moderate Nonproliferative Retinopathy - Essential blood vessels become blocked Severe Nonproliferative Retinopathy - Even more blood vessels are blocked in the retina , and the retina senses the need for new blood vessels to grow and supply oxygen Proliferative Retinopathy - Growth of abnormal blood vessels on the retina that could leak and cause severe damage. * - At any stage, fluid can leak into the macula, a small and highly sensitive part of the retina, and cause blurred vision. This is known as macula edema and is actually one of the most common causes of vision loss in diabetic patients.

64. Complications: Your Eyes & Diabetic Retinopathy The goal of the Canadian Diabetes Association s web site is to become THE onlineresource for people with, affected by, and for healthcare professionals http://www.diabetes.ca/Section_About/eyes.asp

Complications Index Complications: Digestive Problems Complications: Dry Skin Complications: Sexual Dysfunction ... Complications Carol Schwartz MD, FRCSC An estimated six percent of Americans, or 14 million individuals, have diabetes mellitus. Of these, about one-third have diabetic retinopathy, a type of blood vessel damage in the eye. Diabetic retinopathy happens just about as often in Canada, and because people with diabetes are now living longer, more are now developing eye disease as a complication. It is now the most common cause of blindness under age 65, and the most common cause of new blindness in North America. What Causes Retinopathy? The single most important risk factor is the length of time you've had diabetes. Several large studies have shown that type 1 patients usually don't develop retinopathy until at least five years after the onset of the disease. After 15 years with diabetes, however, 98 percent of patients demonstrate some retinopathy. In type 2 diabetes, the evidence of retinopathy happens much more quickly. One-fifth of type 2 patients show signs of retinopathy when their diabetes is first diagnosed. Ultimately, diabetes will cause changes in the eyes for 78 percent of type 2 patients.

65. Diabetic Retinopathy: Definition, Symptoms, And Treatment - Kellogg Eye Center diabetic retinopathy defined, description of symptoms, and information on treatment http://www.kellogg.umich.edu/patientcare/conditions/diabetic.retinopathy.html

Advanced Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy This fundus photo of an eye with advanced proliferative diabetic retinopathy shows pulled and distorted retina (and its blood vessels) which lie beneath a dense layer of white scar tissue. Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy In severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy, blood vessel walls weaken and leak fluid and lipids (yellow clumps) from the bloodstream into the substance of the retina, and may even bleed. Home Eye Conditions A-D E-M ... Ask the Expert Diabetic Retinopathy Definition Symptoms Treatment Clinic Information Definition Diabetes can affect sight by causing cataracts, glaucoma, and most importantly, damage to blood vessels inside the eye, a condition known as "diabetic retinopathy". Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that is caused by changes in the blood vessels of the retina. When blood vessels in the retina are damaged, they may leak blood and grow fragile, brush-like branches and scar tissue. This can blur or distort the vision images that the retina sends to the brain. Diabetic eye disease is a leading cause of blindness in the United States. People with untreated diabetes are said to be 25 times more at risk for blindness than the general population. The longer a person has had diabetes, the higher the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy. Fortunately, with regular, proper eye care and treatment when necessary, the incidence of severe vision loss has been greatly reduced. If you have diabetes, your ophthalmologist can help to prevent serious vision problems.

66. Diabetic Retinopathy. Management recommendations for patients with diabetic retinopathy are summarized Patients with diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy should be http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=4350

67. Diabetic Retinopathy Penn State Hershey Medical Center provides world class care and services to patients. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/d/retinopathy.htm

68. DJO | Digital Journal Of Ophthalmology diabetic retinopathy results FROM the effects of the diabetes on blood vessels There are two main stages of diabetic retinopathy nonproliferative and http://www.djo.harvard.edu/site.php?url=/patients/pi/411

69. ISTA :: Conditions :: Diabetic Retinopathy diabetic retinopathy is a progressive disease consisting of two stages, Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy is the first stage of diabetic retinopathy http://www.istavision.com/conditions/conditions_diabetic.asp

HOME SITE MAP CONTACT US Conditions ... Vitreous Hemorrhage Diabetic Retionpathy Links Conditions Glossary Conditions FAQ Diabetic Retinopathy The most common treatment for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy is panretinal laser photocoagulation. In this treatment, a laser makes hundreds of tiny burns to the retina to reduce the growth of the abnormal blood vessels into the vitreous humor. Panretinal laser photocoagulation surgery has been shown to be effective in slowing the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Panretinal laser photocoagulation surgery frequently leads to increased loss of night vision and can make night driving more difficult. Also, after panretinal laser photocoagulation surgery, peripheral, or side vision, is often not as good as before the surgery. Market Opportunity . Diabetes continues to be a major healthcare problem in the United States and is projected to continue growing rapidly in many regions outside the United States. Eye disease is commonly associated with diabetes, and the risk of blindness to individuals with diabetes is 25 times greater than in the general population. Of the nearly eight million individuals in the United States diagnosed with diabetes, four to six million have some form of diabetic retinopathy. The majority of individuals with diabetic retinopathy are in the nonproliferative stage of the disease. Company History Executive Management Board of Directors Quarterly Fact Sheet (Third Quarter PDF) Xibrom TM Vitrase (hyaluronidase injection) Ovine 200 USP Units/mL

70. Diabetic Retinopathy Detailed information on diabetic retinopathy, including symptoms, risk factors,diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_eye/diabetic.cfm

[ Skip Navigation ] Health System Home For Health Answers Healthcare Professionals ... Advanced Search Health System Search Search for Information People UVa Home Health System News Health System Events (all) Health System Publications ... Making a Gift Topics All About Cancer Blood Disorders Bone Disorders Breast Health Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Dermatology Diabetes Digestive Disorders Endocrinology Environmental Medicine Eye Care Glossary Gynecological Health Infectious Diseases Kidney Disease Men's Health Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Non-Trauma Emergency Oral Health Orthopaedics Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics, General Health Prostate Health Radiology Respiratory Disorders Skin Cancer Surgical Care Urology Women's Health UVa Health Topics A to Z FIND A DOCTOR Cataracts Cornea and Refractive Conditions General Ophthalmology ... WHY CHOOSE UVA Search This Site Diabetic Retinopathy What eye problems are often associated with diabetes? Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye problems that people with diabetes may face as complications. All can cause severe vision loss or even blindness. Diabetic eye disease often can be treated before vision loss occurs. All people with diabetes should have a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Diabetic eye diseases include: diabetic retinopathy cataract glaucoma Diabetic retinopathy is the most common eye disease in persons with diabetes.

71. Diabetic Retinopathy And Other Eye Problems Detailed information on diabetic retinopathy, including symptoms, risks, prevention,and treatment. http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_diabetes/eye.cfm

[ Skip Navigation ] Health System Home For Health Answers Healthcare Professionals ... Advanced Search Health System Search Search for Information People UVa Home Health System News Health System Events (all) Health System Publications ... Making a Gift Topics All About Cancer Blood Disorders Bone Disorders Breast Health Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Dermatology Diabetes Digestive Disorders Endocrinology Environmental Medicine Eye Care Glossary Gynecological Health Infectious Diseases Kidney Disease Men's Health Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Non-Trauma Emergency Oral Health Orthopaedics Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics, General Health Prostate Health Radiology Respiratory Disorders Skin Cancer Surgical Care Urology Women's Health UVa Health Topics A to Z FIND A DOCTOR Diabetes Diabetes and Cardiovascular Diseases MAKE AN APPOINTMENT ... WHY CHOOSE UVA Search This Site Other Diabetic Eye Problems People with diabetes are also at risk for other diabetic eye diseases, such as: - clouding of the eye's lens. People with diabetes are twice as likely to develop a cataract. Cataracts can often be treated with surgery. - increase in fluid pressure inside the eye that leads to optic nerve damage and loss of vision.

72. Diabetic Retinopathy diabetic retinopathy is a potentially blinding complication of diabetes diabetic retinopathy affects half of the 14 million Americans with diabetes. http://www.umdnj.edu/eyeweb/faqs/retinop.html

U NIVERSITY O PHTHALMOLOGY C ONSULTANTS WHAT IS DIABETIC RETINOPATHY? D iabetic retinopathy is a potentially blinding complication of diabetes that damages the eye's retina. As the disease progresses, blood vessels in the retina can leak into the part of the retina that lets us see detail, causing loss of vision. This is called macular edema . Also, new blood vessels can form which may bleed into the eye. This is the proliferative stage The disease often has no early warning signs. "The key to preventing vision loss is for diabetic patients to have dilated retinal exams. Those with Type I diabetes (juvenile onset) should be examined at 5 years after diagnosis, and yearly thereafter. Those with Type II diabetes (adult-onset) should be examined at diagnosis," commented

73. Diabetic Retinopathy diabetic retinopathy is the most common eye disease in persons with diabetes . diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in American adults. http://medicalcenter.osu.edu/patientcare/healthinformation/diseasesandconditions

Skip Navigation home about us referring ... Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Retinopathy What eye problems are often associated with diabetes? Diabetic eye disease refers to a group of eye problems that people with diabetes may face as complications. All can cause severe vision loss or even blindness. Diabetic eye disease often can be treated before vision loss occurs. All people with diabetes should have a dilated eye exam at least once a year. Diabetic eye diseases include: diabetic retinopathy cataract glaucoma Diabetic retinopathy is the most common eye disease in persons with diabetes. Other Diabetic Eye Problems: People with diabetes are also at risk for other diabetic eye diseases, such as: cataract a clouding or opaque area develops over the lens of the eye - an area that is normally transparent. As this thickening occurs, it prevents light rays from passing through the lens and focusing on the retina - the light sensitive tissue lining located in the back of the eye. Persons with diabetes are twice as likely to develop a cataract. glaucoma increase in fluid pressure inside the eye that leads to optic nerve damage and loss of vision.

74. Handbook Of Ocular Disease Management - Diabetic Retinopathy Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the result of severe vascular compromiseand is The diabetic retinopathy Study (DRS) has conclusively proven that http://www.revoptom.com/handbook/sect5d.htm

DIABETIC RETINOPATHY SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS A microvascular disease that primarily affects the capillaries, diabetes mellitus affects the eye by destroying the vasculature in the conjunctiva, retina and central nervous system. Patients may present with histories of long-standing injected bulbar conjunctivae along with systemic complaints of weight loss despite larger than normal appetite (polyphasia), abnormal thirst (polydypsia) and abnormally frequent urination (polyuria). Fluctuating visual acuity secondary to unstable blood sugar is a common ocular sign. Swelling within the crystalline lens results in large sudden shifts in refraction as well as premature cataract formation. Changes in visual acuity will depend upon the severity and stage of the disease. In the retina, weakening of the arterioles and capillaries may result in the characteristic appearance of intraretinal dot and blot hemorrhages, exudates, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) microaneurysms, edema and cotton wool infarcts. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy is the result of severe vascular compromise and is visible as neovascularization of the disc (NVD), neovascularization elsewhere (NVE) and neovascularization of the iris (NVI, or rubeosis irides). Neurological complications include palsies of the third, fourth and sixth cranial nerves as well as diabetic papillitis and facial nerve paralysis. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Diabetes mellitus is a genetically influenced group of diseases that share glucose intolerance. It is characterized as a disorder of metabolic regulation as a result of deficient or malfunctioning insulin or deficient or malfunctioning cellular insulin receptors.

75. Diabetic Retinopathy Definition - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Type 1, And Metabol Medical information about Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Type 1, and MetabolicDisorders treatment and medications. http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11171

76. Community Services For The Blind And Partially Sighted diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes caused by damage to blood The risk of developing diabetic retinopathy is greater the longer someone http://www.csbps.com/publicinfo/diabet.shtml

Click Here to schedule your next donation pick up! Or Call CSBPS Public Information Series Aging and Vision Loss: Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes caused by damage to blood vessels in the retina, and one of the four leading causes of severe vision impairment in older Americans. The risk of developing diabetic retinopathy is greater the longer someone has diabetes. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, about 80 percent of people who have had diabetes for at least 15 years have some damage to the retina. Those who have Type-I (juvenile onset) diabetes are more likely to develop the complication at an earlier age than those with Type-II (adult onset). Early detection of diabetic retinopathy is the best protection against vision loss. People with diabetes are advised to schedule regular, comprehensive eye examinations. If diabetic retinopathy is diagnosed, the eye care physician can monitor the condition, and begin treatment when necessary. Diabetic retinopathy usually appears in stages.

77. Home Page diabetic retinopathy Screening workbook, version 3.2. Important resources updated 13/7/2005 Advice on the transfer of patient information new http://www.nscretinopathy.org.uk/

Home Page Home Page print page Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Workbook: guidance on setting up a systematic programme Diabetic Retinopathy Screening workbook, version 3.2 Important resources - updated 13/7/2005: Advice on the transfer of patient information new Advice on administering eyedrops new Accreditation process and learning outcomes Message specifications in plain English Retinopathy screening competence framework Guidance on the right size for a screening programme ... 'Hitting the target for Retinopathy Screening' (July 2004) Quality assurance factseet (October 2004) Quality Assurance criteria (including new standards table) Linda Garvican's 2004 costings Contract notes for Management Software (updated July 2004) Feedback form for Software and Cameras National support for retinopathy screening programmes The Retinopathy Screening Programme operates a support service for those involved in the planning, setting up and running of systematic retinopathy screening programmes. The support team can be contacted on 08454-224468 or support@nscretinopathy.org.uk

78. Diabetic Retinopathy - Causes And Treatments diabetic retinopathy a complete graphic description of this common eye disease,its causes, treatments and related procedures. http://www.theretinasource.com/conditions/diabetic_retinopathy.htm

Who is TheRetinaSource.com? Home Retina News Retina Conditions ... Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Overview Diabetes is a disease that occurs when the pancreas does not secrete enough insulin or the body is unable to process it properly. Insulin is the hormone that regulates the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood. Diabetes can affect children and adults. How does diabetes affect the retina? Patients with diabetes are more likely to develop eye problems such as cataracts and glaucoma, but the disease’s affect on the retina is the main threat to vision. Most patients develop diabetic changes in the retina after approximately 20 years. The effect of diabetes on the eye is called diabetic retinopathy. Over time, diabetes affects the circulatory system of the retina. The earliest phase of the disease is known as background diabetic retinopathy. In this phase, the arteries in the retina become weakened and leak, forming small, dot-like hemorrhages. These leaking vessels often lead to swelling or edema in the retina and decreased vision.

79. NAVH-Diabetic Retinopathy For visually impaired and professionals, we offer an online low vision aids store,discussion list, large print lending library, newsletters, support groups http://www.navh.org/diabret.html

Home News Library Links ... CONTACT Diabetic Retinopathy As part of NAVH's Educational Series we are pleased to provide this excerpt from our article on DIABETIC RETINOPATHY by Stephen G. Shwartz, M.D. Revised 2004 WHAT IS RETINOPATHY, ANYWAY? HOW DO I KNOW IF I HAVE RETINOPATHY? Diabetes is the leading cause of new cases of legal blindness in the United States among working-age adults. In fact, vision loss is 25 times more common in persons with diabetes than in those without diabetes. What's more, the longer a person has had diabetes, the greater the risk of vision loss. As unfortunate as this is, this type of blindness is often preventable. This article is an attempt to help you understand the connection between diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. It will also explain tests and treatments for this condition. WHAT IS RETINOPATHY, ANYWAY? Retinopathy literally means "damage to the retina." There are actually two types of retinopathy that can occur if you have diabetes. The most common type is early or background diabetic retinopathy. In this condition, diabetes has damaged the capillaries of the retina, and microscopic leaks have formed in these vessels. Leakage causes the retina to swell which interferes with normal vision. Background diabetic retinopathy may be associated with macula edema. The macula is the part of the retina affected; edema refers to the swelling caused by leakage. The macula, which enables us to see sharp detail, is the center of the retina, so macular edema can cause problems with central vision.

80. Diabetic Retinopathy NEI Healthy Vision Month (May 2004) focus on diabetic retinopathy click hereto learn more. diabetic retinopathy occurs as a result of high blood sugar, http://www.uic.edu/com/eye/PatientCare/EyeConditions/DiabeticRetinopathy.shtml

HOME PATIENT CARE RESEARCH EDUCATION ... DEPARTMENT Quicklinks eyePRO Clinics Eye Conditions Doctors Directions Grand Rounds Phonebook LIERI Lions Club Patient Care AIDS-Related Eye Problems Allergic Conjunctivitis Amblyopia (lazy eye) ... Wrinkles Eye Conditions Diabetic Retinopathy NEI Healthy Vision Month (May 2004) focus on Diabetic Retinopathy click here to learn more Diabetic retinopathy occurs as a result of high blood sugar, and can cause blindness if left untreated. It affects the eye primarily by damaging the blood vessels of the retina. Signs and Symptoms Having Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes puts you at risk No early signs Loss of central vision when reading or driving Loss of the ability to see color Blurriness of vision Family history of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetes Treatments and Prevention Laser photocoagulation Vitrectomy UIC Specialists Norman Blair,MD Michael Shapiro, MD Any Vitreoretinal Specialist Treatment Clinic/Service VItreoretinal Service This information is not intended to replace the advice of a doctor. Contact Us Email Webmaster Notice of Privacy Practices Link to UIC ... UIC Web Privacy Notice

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