21. Diabetic Neuropathies A patientoriented leaflet about diabetic neuropathy, a nerve disorder caused This leaflet explains what diabetic neuropathy is, and discusses the cause http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D003929.html

low graphics Diabetic Neuropathies broader: Diabetes Complications other: Diabetic Nephropathies narrower: Diabetic Foot Diabetic neuropathy A patient-oriented leaflet about diabetic neuropathy, a nerve disorder caused by diabetes. The leaflet provides a description of the different types of the disorder, along with an explanation of the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. There is a section on further reading and resources. The leaflet was produced by the Food and Drug Adminstration, and may have a slight US bias. Published on the Web by the American Pain Foundation (APF). Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Diabetic Neuropathies Neuropathy This is one of a series of patient-orientated information leaflets made available on the Foot.com Web site, which aims to promote foot health and comfort, and provides information about some common foot disorders. This leaflet explains what diabetic neuropathy is, and discusses the cause, treatment and prevention of this condition. Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] Foot Diseases Diabetic Neuropathies Last modified: 02 Sep 2005

22. Penn State Faculty Research Expertise Database (FRED) Neuropathy, Painful Diabetic, Painful diabetic neuropathies. Painful DiabeticNeuropathy, Polyneuropathies, Diabetic. Polyneuropathies, Diabetic Asymmetric http://fred.hmc.psu.edu/ds/retrieve/fred/meshdescriptor/D003929

23. Diabetes Monitor - Diabetes And Nerve Damage diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. diabetic neuropathies can be classified as peripheral, autonomic, proximal, http://www.diabetesmonitor.com/b20.htm

diabetes and nerve damage Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes On this page: Causes Symptoms Types of Diabetic Neuropathy Neuropathy Affects Nerves Throughout the Body ... For More Information D iabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. People with diabetes can, over time, have damage to nerves throughout the body. Neuropathies lead to numbness and sometimes pain and weakness in the hands, arms, feet, and legs. Problems may also occur in every organ system, including the digestive tract, heart, and sex organs. People with diabetes can develop nerve problems at any time, but the longer a person has diabetes, the greater the risk. An estimated 50 percent of those with diabetes have some form of neuropathy, but not all with neuropathy have symptoms. The highest rates of neuropathy are among people who have had the disease for at least 25 years. Diabetic neuropathy also appears to be more common in people who have had problems controlling their blood glucose levels, in those with high levels of blood fat and blood pressure, in overweight people, and in people over the age of 40. The most common type is peripheral neuropathy, also called distal symmetric neuropathy, which affects the arms and legs. Top Causes The causes are probably different for different varieties of diabetic neuropathy. Researchers are studying the effect of glucose on nerves to find out exactly how prolonged exposure to high glucose causes neuropathy. Nerve damage is likely due to a combination of factors:

24. UMHS Press Release: Burning Or Tingling Feet May Be Early Warning Of Pre-diabete Likewise, people with prediabetic neuropathy may be able to reduce their risk for National Diabetes Information Clearinghouse diabetic neuropathies http://www.med.umich.edu/opm/newspage/2005/hmprediabetes.htm

RETURN TO PRESS RELEASE PAGE Show Releases for 2001-2005 On: *select topic* Addiction/substance abuse Alternative Medicine Animal research Biochemistry Biotechnology Brain and Nervous System Cancer Cardiovascular Cell biology Child/Adolescent Health Depression Dermatology Developmental biology Diabetes Drugs and medications Ear/nose/throat Emergency medicine Endocrinology Ethics, clinical and research Events Faculty or Staff Gastrointestinal Genetics Genitourinary (Kidney/bladder/ovary/prostate) Geriatrics/Aging Health Policy Health Minute Heart Hypertension Immune Disorders Infectious Disease Lung/pulmonary Diseases Managed Care Medical education Medical Imaging Mental health/psychiatry Microbiology Nanotechnology Neuroscience Nutrition Orthopaedics Pain Patient Feature Pregnancy/Reproduction Primary care/prevention Proteomics Public Health Sleep Disorders Sports Medicine/Fitness Stem Cells Surgery Transplant Vision/eye Advanced Press Release Search Advanced News Clip Search Search Full Text of 2001-2005 Press Releases: Help with Searching June 28, 2005

25. Diabetic Neuropathy: Background : Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Internat Diabetic neuropathy is one of the most debilitating complications of type 1 diabetes, One way to classify diabetic neuropathies is as either peripheral, http://www.jdrf.org/index.cfm?page_id=102844

26. Nerves : Diabetic Gourmet Magazine - Dedicated To Diabetic Dining And Healthy Li diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. This article reviews the causes and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy and http://diabeticgourmet.com/Diabetes_101/Complications/Nerves/

Home Diabetes 101 Complications Symptoms ... Hyperglycemia Related Areas Kidney Complications From Diabetes Site Departments Site Search What's New In The News Food and Dining ... Help Support This Free Magazine Diabetic neuropathies are a family of nerve disorders caused by diabetes. People with diabetes can, over time, have damage to nerves throughout the body. Neuropathies lead to numbness and sometimes pain and weakness in the hands, arms, feet, and legs. Problems may also occur in every organ system, including the digestive tract, heart, and sex organs. People with diabetes can develop nerve problems at any time, but the longer a person has diabetes, the greater the risk. An estimated 50 percent of those with diabetes have some form of neuropathy, but not all with neuropathy have symptoms. The highest rates of neuropathy are among people who have had the disease for at least 25 years. Diabetic neuropathy also appears to be more common in people who have had problems controlling their blood glucose levels, in those with high levels of blood fat and blood pressure, in overweight people, and in people over the age of 40. The most common type is peripheral neuropathy, also called distal symmetric neuropathy, which affects the arms and legs. Diabetes 101 Complications : Nerves Diabetic Neuropathies: The Nerve Damage of Diabetes Reviews the causes and symptoms of diabetic neuropathy and reviews the different types of neuropathies: peripheral, autonomic, proximal, and focal neuropathies.

27. Complications Of Diabetes : Diabetic Gourmet Magazine - Dedicated To Diabetic Di diabetic neuropathies The Nerve Damage of Diabetes Diabetes 101 Scientistsdo not know what causes diabetic neuropathy, but several factors are likely http://diabeticgourmet.com/Complications_of_Diabetes/

Home Complications of Diabetes Dental Eyesight Foot Related Heart ... Nerves Site Departments Site Search What's New In The News Food and Dining ... Help Support This Free Magazine Scrumptious, healthy, crowd-pleasing recipes for people with diabetes and their loved ones. From the editors of Diabetic Gourmet Magazine. Only $11.53 and eligible for FREE Shipping. Complications of Diabetes Too much sugar in the blood for a long time causes diabetes problems. This high blood sugar can damage many parts of the body, such as the eyes, feet, kidneys, nerves, teeth, heart and blood vessels. Diabetes problems can be scary, but there is a lot you can do to prevent them or slow them down. This area provides information about the problems caused by diabetes and the things you can do to help prevent or minimize them. Most Recent Community Topics Welcome to this forum Posted by admin 2 replies 04:28 PM, Jul-20-05 Link Between Pkc Enzyme And Kidney Disease Posted by stella 1 replies 03:14 AM, Jul-05-05 Neuropathy Posted by DeadNerves 11 replies 12:15 PM, Sep-01-05

28. Mononeuropathy In Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic cranial neuropathies usually affect CN 3 or 6. Like treatment forother diabetic neuropathies, treatment is symptomatic. http://home.uchicago.edu/~adamcifu/mononeuropathy.htm

Mononeuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus Diabetic Neuropathies If sought, evidence of neuropathy can be found in a majority of diabetics within 10 years of diagnosis. The forms of neuropathy are usually divided into, by order of frequency, polyneuropathies (primarily symmetric and sensory), autonomic neuropathies, and mononeuropathies. Diabetic amyotrophy, an uncommon syndrome defined by the triad of pain, severe asymmetric muscle weakness (usually of the lower extremities), and wasting of the iliopsoas and quadriceps, falls under the heading of the polyneuropathies. There has never been complete agreement about the etiology diabetic neuropathy. The mononeuropathies are most likely ischemic in nature, as suggested by the tendency toward nerves susceptible to compression and and toward fiber subtypes with the more tenuous blood supply. The polyneuropathies are thought to be caused by a combination of ischemia and abnormal nerve metabolism. Mononeuropathies Although there is no great prevalence data, mononeuropathies are known to be more common among diabetics than non-diabetics. One half to one percent of diabetics are expected to have a mononeuropathy at some point. Symptoms are generally localized to common sites of nerve entrapment (supporting the hypothesis that nerve injury occurs when an already tenuous blood supply is further compromised by external compression or nerve swelling). The sights of most common involvement are shown in the table below. This comes from a study which enrolled the 51 patients who presented to a large diabetes with mononeuropathies over the course of 3 years.

29. BioMed Central | Full Text | Diabetic Neuropathies To obtain access to Current Treatment Options in Neurology through your institutionuse the options below. If you would like information about a personal http://www.biomedcentral.com/1092-8480/2/23

home journals A-Z subject areas advanced search ... my BioMed Central To obtain access to Current Treatment Options in Neurology through your institution use the options below. If you would like information about a personal subscription, please contact subs@phl.cursci.com Click here to view an abstract of this article Click here to login if you are already a subscriber to Current Treatment Options in Neurology Subscribe to Current Treatment Options in Neurology Register for a free online trial Ask your librarian to investigate institutional access Athens users please click here to gain access If you believe you are seeing this page in error, or cannot activate your subscription, e-mail us info@biomedcentral.com Terms and Conditions Privacy statement Information for advertisers ... Contact us

30. BioMed Central | Abstract | Diabetic Neuropathies diabetic neuropathies Douglas W Zochodne MD Department of Clinical Neurosciences,Room 182A 3330 Hospital Drive NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, http://www.biomedcentral.com/1092-8480/2/23/abstract

home journals A-Z subject areas advanced search ... Issue 1 Viewing options Abstract Full text PDF Associated material: PubMed record Related literature: Articles citing this article on Google Scholar Other articles by authors Zochodne DW ... Similar articles (PubMed) Tools: E-mail to a friend Download references Opinion Diabetic Neuropathies Douglas W Zochodne MD Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Room 182A 3330 Hospital Drive NW, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4N1, Canada Current Treatment Options in Neurology Published Abstract Terms and Conditions Privacy statement Information for advertisers Contact us

31. Entrez PubMed exert adverse effects during the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Diabetic Angiopathies/enzymology; diabetic neuropathies/enzymology* http://www.molecularpain.com/pubmed/12198821

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32. Images.MD: View Collection section diabetic neuropathies View Full Size, Pathogenesis of diabeticneuropathy View Full Size, Large fiber neuropathies in diabetes http://www.images.md/users/explore_chapter.asp?ID=ACE0202-13&colID=ACE0202&colti

33. CME/CE/CPE Pain Articles The diabetic neuropathies include several distinctive syndromes with differingclinical This approach divides the diabetic neuropathies into diffuse, http://www.pain.com/sections/professional/cme_article/article.cfm?id=240

34. Transgenic Mouse Models To Study The Molecular Basis Of Diabetic Neuropathy There are several hypotheses to account for these diabetic neuropathies but However, the role of AR and sorbitol accumulation in diabetic neuropathy http://www.hku.hk/rss/res_proj/56/56.htm

Transgenic Mouse Models to Study the Molecular Basis of Diabetic Neuropathy Dr S K Chung Institute of Molecular Biology HKU 359/94M INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS Generation of P0-HAR transgenic mice A 1.1 Kb of myelin protein zero promoter was fused with human aldose reductase cDNA (1.4 Kb) and ?globin poly A (P0-HAR-1) or SV-40 poly A tails (P0-HAR-2). These transgenes were injected into the fertilized eggs from F1 mice to generate transgenic mice. Screening the mice by PCR Transgenic mice were identified by PCR screening of genomic DNA extracted from the tail by using the two-transgene specific primers (RPO and HARm), and also a set of primers (MMYO-1 and MMYO-2) for myogenin as a internal control. The sizes of expected products were 661bp and 252bp, respectively. Southern blot hybridization In order to analyze the integration of transgene and screen the genotypes of transgenic mice, mouse tail genomic DNA was digested using a specific enzyme having a single cut site within transgene fragment (EcoRV), then hybridized with two probes of HAR (1.4 Kb) to detect transgene and MSD (0.9 Kb) to serve as a control. Northern blot hybridization For examining HAR-specific expression in sciatic nerve, the total RNA were extracted from different tissues of 10 wks old mice (30 of NTg and 30 of Tg), and processed for Northern blot hybridization with HAR or G3PDH probe.

35. Endotext.com - Diabetes, Diabetic Neuropathies The mortality for diabetic autonomic neuropathy has been estimated to be 44% A theoretical framework for the development of diabetic neuropathy (27). http://www.endotext.org/diabetes/diabetes28/diabetes28.htm

DIABETIC NEUROPATHIES Chapter 35 - Aaron Vinik, MD December 18, 2002 Contents Contributors Search Introduction Diabetic neuropathy (DN) is the most common and troublesome complication of diabetes mellitus, leading to the greatest morbidity and mortality and resulting in a huge economic burden for diabetes care(1;2). It is the most common form of neuropathy in the developed countries of the world, accounts for more hospitalizations than all the other diabetic complications combined, and is responsible for 50-75% of non-traumatic amputations (2;3). DN is a set of clinical syndromes that affect distinct regions of the nervous system, singly or combined. It may be silent and go undetected, while exercising its ravages, or it may present with clinical symptoms and signs that although nonspecific and insidious with slow progression but also mimic those seen in many other diseases. It is, therefore, diagnosed by exclusion. Classification DN is not a single entity but a number of different syndromes, ranging from subclinical to clinical manifestations depending on the classes of nerve fibers involved. According to the San Antonio Convention (10), the main groups of neurologic disturbance in diabetes mellitus include: 1) subclinical neuropathy, determined by abnormalities in electrodiagnostic and quantitative sensory testing, 2) diffuse clinical neuropathy with distal symmetric sensorimotor and autonomic syndromes, and 3) focal syndromes.

36. EMedicine - Diabetic Neuropathy : Article By Andrew L Sherman, MD diabetic Neuropathy neuropathies are the most common complication of diabetesmellitus (DM). neuropathies related to DM affect up to 50% of patients both http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic40.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Peripheral Neuropathy Diabetic Neuropathy Last Updated: July 15, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, DM, dysesthesia, paresthesia, allodynia AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Andrew L Sherman, MD , Assistant Professor, Departments of Neurological Surgery, Orthopedics, and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Coauthor(s): Andrew L Sherman, MD , Assistant Professor, Departments of Neurological Surgery, Orthopedics, and Rehabilitation, University of Miami; Diana M Echeverry, MD, MPH , Assistant Professor, Department of Endocrinology, Charles R Drew University of Medicine and Science Andrew L Sherman, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation American Association of Neuromuscular and Electrodiagnostic Medicine American College of Sports Medicine , and American Medical Association Editor(s): Everett C Hills, MS, MD

37. Neurodiagnostic Skin Biopsies At MGH: Small Fiber Neuropathies Painful diabetic neuropathy can come on in the very earliest stages of diabetes, New developments in the diagnosis of diabetic neuropathy. http://neuroskinbiopsy.mgh.harvard.edu/smallfiber.htm

MGH NEURODIAGNOSTIC SKIN BIOPSY SERVICE HOME REQUISITION FORMS FOR REFERRING PHYSICIANS ABOUT OUR SKIN BIOPSIES ABOUT SMALL-FIBER NEUROPATHIES DIRECTIONS TO THE MGH WHOM TO CONTACT About small-fiber neuropathies Suggestions for patients with painful small-fiber sensory neuropathy Rapid progress is being made in this field, which will hopefully lead to better treatments. Get tested for treatable causes of neuropathy Some patients with painful small-fiber sensory neuropathies have underlying causes that can be treated. It is important to look for these causes, because treating them may help reverse the nerve damage. In the United States, diabetes mellitus (high blood sugar) is a leading cause of painful neuropathy. Painful diabetic neuropathy can come on in the very earliest stages of diabetes, before any other symptoms of the disease develop and before the diabetes has even been diagnosed. So patients with painful neuropathy should be tested for diabetes. Heavy alcohol drinking can also damage nerves and should be avoided by neuropathy patients. HIV or AIDS can cause neuropathy, as can some of the drugs used to treat HIV.

38. The Bioline EPrints Archive - MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY diabetic neuropathy can be divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical neuropathies.diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy (DAN) parallels the severity of DSN, http://bioline.utsc.utoronto.ca/archive/00002757/

@import url(http://bioline.utsc.utoronto.ca/eprints.css); @import url(http://bioline.utsc.utoronto.ca/eprints.css); @import url(http://bioline.utsc.utoronto.ca/print.css); The Bioline EPrints Archive Home About Browse Search ... Help MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY Ali, Raymond Azman MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC NEUROPATHY Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences pp. 27-30 Full text available as: PDF - Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader or other PDF viewer. Abstract Diabetes mellitus is the commonest cause of neuropathy worldwide. Diabetic neuropathy (DN) develops in about 4-10% of diabetic patients after 5 years and in 15% after 20 years.Four main mechanisms have been postulated to underlie the pathogenesis of DN. Diabetic neuropathy can be divided into symmetrical and asymmetrical neuropathies. Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy (DAN) parallels the severity of DSN, and affects primarily the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and integumentary systems. The cornerstone of treatment of diabetic neuropathy is optimization of glycaemic control. Future treatments for diabetic neuropathy should address the underlying pathogenesis. Item Type: Journal (Paginated) Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Neuropathy, Management mj03019

39. Brain Foundation - Peripheral Neuropathy diabetic neuropathy generally improves when blood sugar levels are strictlycontrolled; while neuropathies caused by toxic substances will improve if those http://www.brainaustralia.org.au/AZ_of_Brain_Disorders/peripheral_neuropathy

Home About Us The Brain Healthy Brain ... Site Map DHTML_MENU_rel_path = '/squizlib/dhtml_menu/images/'; Peripheral Neuropathy See also CIDP; Guillain-Barre Syndrome Description The peripheral nerves connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body. Peripheral neuropathy (damage to the peripheral nerves) is a relatively common neurological disorder that can occur as the result of a wide range of underlying conditions or diseases. Diabetes is perhaps the most common – approximately 50 per cent of diabetics suffer from diabetic neuropathy. Other conditions that cause peripheral neuropathy include autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis; infections such as leprosy or AIDS; pressure on a nerve; certain toxic substances, including alcohol; vitamin deficiency; radiation; trauma (eg bone fractures or penetrative injuries); and tumours of the spinal cord. Inherited neuropathies such as Charcot Marie Tooth disease are also common. However, in many cases, no underlying disorder can be diagnosed. Symptoms of the disorder vary in severity, according to the number of nerves affected. Symptoms may be limited to a single finger or toe, but generally, the arms or legs are affected, although rarely the whole body may be affected. Weakness and numbness in the affected limb or limbs may be accompanied by abnormal sensations (paresthesia) – that is, tingling, “pins and needles”, burning, pain etc. Frequently the symptoms are worse at night.

40. EMedicine - Diabetic Neuropathy : Article By Emad Soliman, MD, MSc diabetic Neuropathy The simplest definition of what constitutes diabeticperipheral neuropathy for day-to-day clinical practice was agreed on at an http://www.emedicine.com/NEURO/topic88.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Neurology Neuromuscular Diseases Diabetic Neuropathy Last Updated: September 20, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: diabetic polyneuropathy, diabetic amyotrophy, proximal diabetic neuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, diabetic autonomic neuropathy, distal symmetric sensorimotor polyneuropathy, painful diabetic neuropathy, generalized sensorimotor polyneuropathy of diabetes mellitus AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Emad Soliman, MD, MSc , Consulting Staff, Department of Neurology, St John's Riverside Hospital Coauthor(s): Charles Gellido, MD , Laboratory Director, Assistant Professor, Department of Neurology, Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Emad Soliman, MD, MSc, is a member of the following medical societies:

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