21. MedlinePlus Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. EMedicine - Cryptosporidiosis : Article By Athena P Kourtis, MD, PhD cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite that was firstassociated with human gastrointestinal disease in 1976. http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic516.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Parasitology Cryptosporidiosis Last Updated: July 28, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: Cryptosporidium, Cryptosporidium parvum, diarrhea AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Athena P Kourtis, MD, PhD , Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Divisions of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Emory University School of Medicine Athena P Kourtis, MD, PhD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics , and Pediatric Infectious Disease Society Editor(s): Michael D Nissen, BMedSc, MBBS, FRACP, FRCPA , Director of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital at Brisbane, Australia; Senior Lecturer, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Queensland, Australia; Robert Konop, PharmD

23. CDC Division Of Parasitic Diseases - Cryptosporidiosis Fact sheet with cause, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/cryptosporidiosis/factsht_cryptosporidio

24. Cryptosporidium A Waterborne Pathogen Cryptosporidium A Waterborne Pathogen http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. Simple Facts Sheets: Cryptosporidiosis a Simple Facts Sheet from the AIDS Treatment Data Network. cryptosporidiosis.cryptosporidiosis is caused by Cryptosporidium, a protozoa infection that http://www.atdn.org/simple/crypto.html

a Simple Facts Sheet from the AIDS Treatment Data Network cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis is caused by Cryptosporidium, a protozoa infection that usually infects the gastrointestinal tract. The most common symptom is diarrhea along with cramping abdominal pain, especially in the right side. The diarrhea can be profuse and watery. Infection can also cause loss of appetite and vomiting. In people whose immune systems aren't compromised, infection is either without symptoms or symptoms go away on their own, usually in 30 days. However, in young children and immunocompromised adults, infection can cause severe and lengthy illness. Diagnosis is made by the identification of the parasite in fecal smears or by intestinal biopsy. Cryptosporidiosis has recently been added to the list of infections that must be reported by doctors and other health-care providers to the New York City Department of Health. The primary way of getting infected is person to person via the fecal-oral route. Those at highest risk are young children, especially those in day care, those who engage in oral-anal sex, and close personal contacts of infected patients. Some outbreaks have been traced to water supply systems. Cryptosporidiosis was first found in a human in 1976. Before that, cryptosporidiosis was thought to only infect animals and was considered a veterinary problem. Around 1983, the number of human cases began to rise.

26. Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet cryptosporidiosis is an illness in which a parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum, is present in the intestinal tract. The parasite produces cysts (eggs) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

27. OI: Cryptosporidiosis -- ÆGIS cryptosporidiosis is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasite cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal (greater than 1 month s duration) http://www.aegis.com/topics/oi/oi-crypto.html

Cryptosporidiosis "crypto" This is part of a series on Opportunistic Infections ("OIs"). Please note that This Page Is Just A Starting Point: who specializes in treating HIV. Finding The Latest Information: Advances in treating opportunistic infections can happen at any time, so the material on this page may be outdated. Some links in the see also section at the bottom of this page are actually special database links. They may contain information published after this page was written. Classification protozoal infection Description Cryptosporidiosis is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasite Cryptosporidium parvum The disease is spread through contaminated water or fecal-oral contact (e.g., rimming, or eating contaminated raw foods such as salad). Symptoms: diarrhea (watery and/or explosive), cramps, flatulence. The US Centers For Disease Control considers this an AIDS-defining condition Cryptosporidiosis, chronic intestinal (greater than 1 month's duration) Danger Zone Any CD4+ count can get cryptosporidiosis. Dangerous mainly for those with 50 or fewer CD4+ cells/mm NOTE: If you are undergoing treatment that has increased your CD4+ levels, see the important note on

28. Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet cryptosporidiosis is an illness in which a parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum, ispresent in the intestinal tract. The parasite produces cysts (eggs) which http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/crypto.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers Care Providers Homepage For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY: 206-296-4931 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Communicable disease facts Cryptosporidiosis Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Cryptosporidiosis fact sheet What is cryptosporidiosis? What are the symptoms? How is it spread? Diagnosis and treatment ... Cryptosporidiosis in King County What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is an illness in which a parasite, Cryptosporidium parvum , is present in the intestinal tract. The parasite produces cysts (eggs) which are passed from the body in the stool (bowel movements). People with strong, healthy immune systems usually recover on their own. People with weak immune systems may have symptoms for longer periods and repeated illness episodes. What are the symptoms?

29. Cryptosporidiosis : The Department Of Health - P&G: Health Topics: Cryptosporidi cryptosporidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoa Cryptosporidiumparvum. http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/Cryptosporidios

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30. Cryptosporidiosis Key Documents : The Department Of Health - P&G: Health Topics: Publications about cryptosporidiosis. cryptosporidiosis key documents.Publications about cryptosporidiosis. Getting ahead of the curve a strategy for http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/Cryptosporidios

@import "/pages/css-p/layout_101.css"; @import "/pages/css/core_standard.css"; @import "/pages/css/core_modules.css"; @import "/pages/css/core_links.css"; @import "/pages/css/core_buttons.css"; @import "/pages/css/core_forms.css"; @import "/pages/css/core_tables.css"; @import "/pages/css/core_corners.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/brnd_buttons.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/brnd_forms.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/brnd_links.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/brnd_modules.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/brnd_standard.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/brnd_tables.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/brnd_corners.css"; @import "/pages/default/css/bspk_standard.css"; @import("/pages/css/standard_fix_ie51mac.css"); Primary Navigation - link to other main sections from here Skip Navigation DH home Policy and guidance Publications and statistics ... Procurement and proposals You are here: DH home Policy and guidance Health and social care topics Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidiosis key documents Cryptosporidiosis key documents Publications about cryptosporidiosis Getting ahead of the curve: a strategy for combating infectious diseases (including other aspects of health protection) Published: Getting ahead of the curve: a strategy for combating infectious diseases (including other aspects of health protection) Common zoonoses in agriculture Health and Safety Executive agricultural information sheet 2.

31. DPDx - Cryptosporidiosis http://www.dpd.cdc.gov/dpdx/HTML/Cryptosporidiosis.htm

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32. FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book Cryptosporidium Parvum Intestinal cryptosporidiosis is characterized by severe watery diarrhea but may, Pulmonary and tracheal cryptosporidiosis in humans is associated with http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap24.html

C enter for F ood S A pplied N utrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Cryptosporidium parvum 1. Name of the Organism: Cryptosporidium parvum Cryptosporidium parvum , a single-celled animal, i.e., a protozoa, is an obligate intracellular parasite. It has been given additional species names when isolated from different hosts. It is currently thought that the form infecting humans is the same species that causes disease in young calves. The forms that infect avian hosts and those that infect mice are not thought capable of infecting humans. Cryptosporidium sp. infects many herd animals (cows, goats, sheep among domesticated animals, and deer and elk among wild animals). The infective stage of the organism, the oocyst is 3 um in diameter or about half the size of a red blood cell. The sporocysts are resistant to most chemical disinfectants, but are susceptible to drying and the ultraviolet portion of sunlight. Some strains appear to be adapted to certain hosts but cross-strain infectivity occurs and may or may not be associated with illness. The species or strain infecting the respiratory system is not currently distinguished from the form infecting the intestines. 2. Nature of Acute Disease:

33. Cryptosporidiosis - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Retrieved from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/cryptosporidiosis . CategoriesApicomplexa Infectious diseases Parasitology http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptosporidiosis

Wikimedia needs your help in the final day of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$240,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Cryptosporidiosis From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Cryptosporidiosis is a disease affecting the intestines of mammals that is caused by Cryptosporidium , a protozoan parasite in the phylum Apicomplexa . It is a disease spread through the fecal-oral route ; the main symptom is self-limiting diarrhea in people with intact immune system. In immunocompromised individuals, such as AIDS it is one of the most common waterborne diseases and is found worldwide. The disease and parasite name are sometimes abbreviated to just Crypto Infection is through contaminated material such as earth, water , uncooked or cross-contaminated food that has been in contact with the feces of an infected individual or animal . Contact must then be transferred to the mouth and swallowed. It is especially prevalent amongst those in regular contact with bodies of fresh water whether through work or recreation. Symptoms appear from two to ten days after infection and last for up to two weeks or so. As well as watery diarrhea there is often

34. UC Davis - Office Of Environmental Health&Safety Large outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis have occurred in cities when the cryptosporidiosis is especially common in the young, both in animals and in man. http://ehs.ucdavis.edu/animal/health/crypto.cfm

Cryptosporidiosis Significance Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite can infect mammals, birds, reptiles and even fish. It belongs to a larger group of parasites that are collectively called “coccidia”. Cryptosporidium is a common cause of human diarrhea, although it’s less common than diarrhea caused by human viruses. Large outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis have occurred in cities when the city water supply has become contaminated. Cryptosporidiosis is especially common in the young, both in animals and in man. Most infected people recover without treatment but C. parvum can cause especially severe disease in people that have weakened immune systems or who are positive for HIV. Biology People and animals are infected with C. parvum when they allow fecal material from an infected person or animal to enter their mouth. The organism reproduces rapidly in the intestine, and the feces of infected animals and humans are highly infectious. The disease is diagnosed by finding oocysts in the feces of patient. The oocysts are highly resistant to disinfectants. Infected feces from wild or domestic animals may cause ponds, lakes, and reservoirs to become contaminated. Two to ten days after ingesting the organism, a watery diarhea may develop, often accompanied by cramping, nausea, and malaise. Healthy individuals generally recover in 3-14 days without any treatment. In people whose immune systems are compromised, the diarrhea can be much worse, and the organism can sometimes invade organs other than the intestine.

35. Cryptosporidiosis An easyto-read guide for people living with HIV AIDS with lessons on importanttreatment issues, from AIDSmeds.com. http://www.aidsmeds.com/OIs/Crypto1.htm

Join our confidential mailing list! Enter your email address: LESSONS DRUGS FORUMS BLOGS ... HOME Cryptosporidiosis What is it? Cryptosporidiosis, or "crypto" for short, is a disease caused by a group of organisms called Cryptosporidium . The organisms infect the lining of the small intestine and can cause severe diarrhea and malabsorption (an inability to absorb nutrients). Cryptosporidium is spread by feces. Food or water contaminated with animal feces may carry these organisms; it's also possible that oral-anal sex may spread the infection. On occasion, there are outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis that can be traced to a feces-contaminated water supply. This is most common in warm-weather climates. While anybody exposed to Cryptosporidium Crypto Index What is it? What are the symptoms, and how is it diagnosed? How is it treated or prevented? Are there any experimental treatments? Printable version of this lesson Search for news stories about this topic Last Revised:9/2/05 Please find profiles of this writing team on our " About Us

36. Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium, Is cryptosporidiosis a new disease? Although Cryptosporidium is not new, http://dhfs.wisconsin.gov/dph_bcd/communicable/factsheets/Cryptosporidiosis.htm

Topics A-Z Reference Center Search AIDS-HIV ... Tuberculosis Disease Fact Sheet Series: Cryptosporidiosis Printable Version What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is an illness caused by the protozoan Cryptosporidium, a single-celled parasite. Is cryptosporidiosis a new disease? Although Cryptosporidium is not new, it was not recognized as a cause of human disease until 1976. What are the signs and symptoms of cryptosporidiosis? By far, the most common symptom is diarrhea which is usually watery and profuse, and often accompanied by abdominal cramping. Nausea, vomiting, fever, headache and loss of appetite may also occur. Rarely, the parasite can cause an inflammation of the gall bladder or infect the lining of the respiratory tract causing pneumonia. Some persons infected with Cryptosporidium may not become ill. Who is susceptible to cryptosporidiosis and how long does the illness last? All persons are presumed susceptible to infection with Cryptosporidium. In most healthy persons with normal immune systems, signs and symptoms generally persist for two weeks or less, although they may improve and then worsen during that time period. However, immune compromised persons may be unable to clear the parasite and may have much more severe and long lasting illness. (Some examples of immune compromised persons include people receiving cancer chemotherapy, kidney dialysis patients, persons on steroid therapy, people infected with HIV, and patients with Crohn's disease.)

37. Cryptosporidiosis NSW Health Multi-Cultural Health Communication Service. http://www.mhcs.health.nsw.gov.au/health-public-affairs/mhcs/publications/7115.h

Home A-Z Health Topics Consumer Info Health Professionals ... Polyglot Online Subject Abuse Alcohol and other drugs Asthma Cancer ... Index by Language Title : Cryptosporidiosis Subject : Diseases and Conditions Publication Number : DOH-7115 Publication Date : Author : NSW Health Arabic Chinese English Farsi/Persian ... Vietnamese Cryptosporidiosis Summary: Text: Cryptosporidiosis What is Cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is a diarrhoeal disease caused by the parasite Cryptosporidium, which infects the intestine. Cryptosporidium infections have been reported in humans and in a variety of farm, pet and native animals. Although there are several species of Cryptosporidium, only one species, Cryptosporidium parvum, is thought to cause infection in humans. Cryptosporidiosis has been notifiable to the NSW Health Department since 1996.The number of cases in NSW tends to increase in the warmer months. How is it spread? The Cryptosporidium organism is present in the faecal matter of infected humans and animals and is spread by the faecal-oral route. The disease is passed on when the parasite is ingested.

38. Cryptosporidiosis Fact Sheet Cryptosporidium infections (cryptosporidiosis) have been reported in humans anda wide variety of There is no specific treatment for cryptosporidiosis http://edcp.org/html/crypto.html

39. Cryptosporidiosis Action Plan For Maryland The mission of Office of Epidemiology and Disease Control Programs of the MarylandDepartment of Health and Mental Hygiene is the prevention and control of http://edcp.org/guidelines/crypto98.html

EDCP Mission/Vision General Information on Bioterrorism Bioterrorism Information for Health Care Providers Fact Sheets ... ImmuNet Cryptosporidiosis Action Plan for Maryland Maryland Cryptosporidiosis Task Force Goals of the Cryptosporidi Plan of Action in Maryland Public Health Response and Risk Communication ... References Introduction: Cryptosporidium parvum, a protozoan parasite, is found in the feces of infected people, cattle, and other domestic animals. It has been a recognized human pathogen since 1976. It affects people with HIV infection and other immunosuppressed persons more severely than the general population. It has been identified as a cause of sporadic human gastrointestinal disease and sometimes of outbreaks - the largest being the 1993 waterborne outbreak in Milwaukee in which more than 400,000 persons became ill. It has also been transmitted by person-to-person contact in child care setting, through food, and through sexual activity that involve contact with feces. Cryptosporidiosis has become a significant public health issue, particularly because studies indicate that Cryptosporidium oocysts are present in 65%-97% of surface water prior to treatment (i.e., rivers, lakes, and streams) tested throughout the U.S. Because Cryptosporidium is highly resistant to chemical disinfectants used to treat drinking water, physical removal of the parasite from water by filtration is an important component of the municipal water treatment process.

40. Cryptosporidiosis cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic Anyone canget cryptosporidiosis, but there are some groups of people who are at http://www.state.sd.us/doh/Pubs/crypto.htm

Office of Disease Prevention - 605-773-3737 in South Dakota only) CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS (This material is provided for informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical care. Direct specific questions to your medical provider.) What is cryptosporidiosis? Cryptosporidiosis is an intestinal illness caused by a microscopic parasite called Cryptosporidium. This organism has long been recognized as a parasite of a wide variety of vertebrates but it was not noted to cause disease in man until 1976. Since then, it has been identified as a cause of sporadic human gastrointestinal disease as well as large common source outbreaks, particularly water-borne outbreaks. Who gets cryptosporidiosis? Anyone can get cryptosporidiosis, but there are some groups of people who are at increased risk for getting it such as children and care providers at daycare centers, people who drink contaminated water, people exposed to human feces through sexual contact or while caring for a person with cryptosporidiosis, and people that work closely with animals, especially domestic animals. How is the parasite spread?

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