61. Contraception Methods - The Pill, Condoms, Diaphragms And Caps Concise factsheet explaining effective methods of contraception, from the UK health insurance firm. Covers pills, male and female condoms, injectables, implants, diaphragms and caps, IUDs and intrauterine systems, sterilization, natural methods, and emergency contraception. http://hcd2.bupa.co.uk/fact_sheets/Mosby_factsheets/contraception.html

search home services health information ... BUPA Products and services Health insurance Financial protection Hospitals Care homes ... International cover Visitor interest areas Individuals Business Intermediaries Health professionals ... BUPA members Facilities finder Find local health and fitness facilities World of BUPA BUPA services around the world at bupa.com health information health factsheets Non-hormonal contraception Contraception aims to prevent sexual intercourse from causing pregnancy. This factsheet outlines the non-hormonal methods. For more information on alternatives such as the pill, see the separate BUPA factsheet on hormonal contraception. Non-hormonal contraception works by either preventing sperm fertilising an egg, or preventing the implantation of a fertilised egg into the lining of the womb. The main methods are: barrier methods, intra uterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs), natural family planning, sterilisation. Barrier methods These are physical barriers that stop the sperm coming into contact with the egg, thereby preventing fertilisation. Male condom A condom is a thin sheath, usually made out of latex, which is rolled onto an erect penis before sexual contact. They should not be used with an oil-based lubricant, such as Vaseline, because this can cause the latex to break down. Water-based lubricants, such as K-Y Jelly, and spermicidal creams or pessaries are safe.

62. Birth Control: Ineffective Contraception Explains forms of birth control that some people may use which are not at all effective in preventing pregnancy. http://www.epigee.org/guide/none.html

Home Main Menu Feature Article on Abstinence Birth Control Overview ... When Your Contraception Fails Methods to Avoid There are numerous ways for a couple to avoid pregnancy. Some are extremely effective, like abstinence or the birth control pill while others, like the withdrawal method are not at all effective. Douching Many women are under the mistaken impression that using a vaginal douche immediately after vaginal sex will help prevent a pregnancy. In actuality, douching may push sperm deeper into the uterus, thereby encouraging a pregnancy. Vaginal douches should never be used as a method of birth control. Regularly using a douche has been associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease as well as ectopic pregnancy . Moreover, since the female reproductive system naturally cleanses itself, there is no need to douche for personal hygiene. No Birth Control There are many reasons why a woman who is sexually active may choose not to use contraception although they are not actively seeking to become pregnant. It could be for personal convictions, religious belief or for medical considerations. In other instances, a woman may be under the false impression that using birth control doesn’t matter – she still won’t get pregnant. Not using any contraception has the highest rate of pregnancy, with 85% of women who choose not to use birth control becoming pregnant annually. Even if you have given the matter a lot of thought and have decided that using contraceptives is not for you, you must be open to the idea of having children. While you may not have dozens and dozens of children, it is important that you and your partner understand that you may very well become pregnant when you choose to not use birth control.

63. Provider Attitudes Toward Dispensing Emergency Contraception In Michigan's Title Article in Family Planning Perspectives (Joseph Winchester Brown and Matthew L. Boulton) describes results of a survey of family planning coordinators from Title X grantees. http://www.agi-usa.org/pubs/journals/3103999.html

@import "http://www.guttmacher.org/css/psrh2.css"; search Family Planning Perspectives Volume 31, Number 1, January/February 1999 Provider Attitudes Toward Dispensing Emergency Contraception in Michigan's Title X Programs By Joseph Winchester Brown and Matthew L. Boulton The efficacy and potential side effects of emergency contraceptive pills have been documented. Until recently, however, the method was relatively obscure. Largely because opponents of the method equate it with abortion, pharmaceutical companies were reluctant to apply to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for a license to package and market birth control pills specifically for emergency contraception; thus, the method consisted of off-label use of birth control pills, the number depending on the formulation used. Although some physicians have prescribed the method in this way since the 1970s, few studies have addressed the method's availability and dispensation, or providers' attitudes about it. But overall use of this method has been low, and for years, its characterization as the "nation's best-kept secret" seemed appropriate. Despite the lack of any licensing applications, the FDA's Reproductive Health Drug and Urologic Product Advisory Committee initiated action in June 1996 by unanimously declaring emergency contraceptive pills a safe and effective way to prevent pregnancy if taken in recommended dosages up to 72 hours after unprotected intercourse. In February 1997, the FDA published dosage information for six pill brands; although the agency stopped short of requiring pill manufacturers to relabel their products with instructions for emergency use, the notice was "intended to encourage manufacturers to make this additional contraceptive option available."

64. Birth Control - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Birth control Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaChristianity in general has had mixed opinions towards contraception and its role Prior to the 1930s, contraception was generally condemned by all the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contraception

Wikimedia needs your help in the final day of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$240,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Birth control From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Contraception For the Krautrock band, see Birth Control (band) Birth control is a regimen of one or more extra actions, devices, or medications followed in order to deliberately prevent or reduce the likelihood of a woman becoming pregnant . Methods and intentions typically termed birth control may be considered a pivotal ingredient to family planning . Mechanisms which are intended to reduce the likelihood of the fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon may more specifically be referred to as contraception . Contraception differs from abortion in that the former prevents fertilization, whereas abortion terminates an already established pregnancy. Methods of birth control which may prevent the implantation of an embryo if fertilization occurs are controversially described by either term — see morning-after pill for a more complete discussion.

65. Fpa Contraception And Sexual Health Guide Homepage Provides facts and advice on abortion, education, SIDS, and emergency contraception. http://www.fpa.org.uk/guide/index.htm

Introduction What is sexual health? Sexual health means enjoying the sexual activity you want without causing yourself or anyone else suffering or physical or mental harm. It is also about using contraception and avoiding infections. Making positive choices about contraception and sexual health is important, not just for your physical health but also for your general wellbeing. If you're anxious about your sexual health, or unwell, this can have a knock-on effect on all aspects of your life - your work, your future and your relationships with your partners, family and friends. This section of our website gives you quick and easy access to facts and advice on sexual health and contraception, including: A convenient and comprehensive guide to ALL methods of contraception with tips on what to do when something goes wrong. If you're planning a pregnancy , some general advice on how to increase your chances of conceiving. Contraceptive choices available after you've had your baby Sex education advice for parents and the legal facts.

66. Contraception - Choices Explained There are a number of methods of contraception available in Australia. The method you choose will depend on your general health, lifestyle and relationship. http://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/bhcv2/bhcarticles.nsf/(Pages)/Contraception_c

67. Emergency Contraception ("Morning After Pill") A thorough summary of the issues, from ReligiousTolerance.org. http://www.religioustolerance.org/abo_emer.htm

MENU: EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION (EC) a.k.a. the "Morning After Pill" Click Here to Visit our Sponsors. Alert: Emergency contraception, if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse will prevent a pregnancy from starting in about 90% of cases. However, some pharmacies refuse to stock this medication. Wal-Mart in the U.S. and Canada is probably the largest chain which have taken this stand. Also, some individual pharmacists refuse to dispense it on moral or religious grounds. Women who feel that they might need to obtain this medication in the future because of rape or contraceptive failure might wish to determine, in advance of need, the nearest pharmacy which will supply them with the medication. They might also wish to obtain a prescription from their physician, and perhaps even purchase the medication to have it on hand in case they need it. " The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists has urged its members to offer prescriptions for emergency contraception during patients' regular checkups ."

68. Contraception A listing of contraceptive topics on the IU Health Center Web Site. http://www.indiana.edu/~health/contrali.html

Indiana University Health Center 600 N Jordan Bloomington IN 47405 IUHC Home Page Health Topics Pharmacy Medical Clinic ... SEARCH Contraception Condom Depo Provera Diaphragm Fertility Awareness ... Pregnant

69. Reproductive Choices Clinic Clinic in Midrand, Gauteng Province in South Africa, offering reproductive health services ranging from contraception to sterilizations and termination of pregnancies. Site includes information about reproductive and sexual health. http://www.reproductivechoices.co.za

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70. EMedicine - Contraception : Article By Omnia M Samra, MD contraception The practice of contraception is as old as human existence. For centuries, humans have relied on their imagination to avoid pregnancy. http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic3211.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Medicine, Ob/Gyn, Psychiatry, and Surgery Obstetrics/gynecology Contraception Last Updated: December 6, 2004 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: fertility, population growth, reproduction, contraceptive techniques, family planning, spermicidal barriers, spermicidal agents, spermicides, abstinence, coitus interruptus, lactational amenorrhea, condom, rubber, diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptives, implants, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate, DMPA, intrauterine devices, IUDs, sterilization, vasectomy, emergency contraceptive pills, ECP, birth control patch, birth control implant, birth control shot, contraceptive shot, contraceptive implant, contraceptive patch, contraceptive ring, birth control ring, birth control, barrier methods, contraceptive barriers AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Periodic Abstinence Mechanical Barriers ... Bibliography Author: Omnia M Samra, MD

71. RU Thinking - Home Page Find local services, facts about contraception, sexually transmitted infections, abortion and links to other useful sites. http://www.ruthinking.co.uk/

[link to [link to [link to [link to ... Sing-a-long to the hilarious new football chant that's got everyone wetting themselves! Sex is a big thing. You owe it to yourself to find out as much as you can about it. or search by subject Sex Girls bodies Boys bodies Contraception Pregnancy STIs The Law Relationships Abuse The summer’s still here and with it the possibility of some sizzling summer romance. Read on Are summer relationships worth all the effort? Yeah! Definitely. No way! You just end up with a broken heart. It depends on how serious you both are. Website Policy Age of consent, Blowjob, Clitoris, Dildo, Erection, Foreplay, Gonads, Herpes, IUD, Johnnies, Kissing, Lesbian... Think you might be pregnant? Burst condom? ... All the clinics doctors and counsellors you'll ever need for a healthy sex life.

72. SpringerLink - Publication Update on contraceptionThe choice of birth control depends on a variety of factors, but options are available to suit most lifestyles. http://www.springerlink.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal&issn=0267-4874

73. Document Sans Titre Site associatif concernant l'interruption de grossesse et la contraception,   destination des professionnels et des usagers. Historique, dossiers et informations pratiques. France. http://www.avortementancic.org

74. Why I Vetoed Contraception Bill - The Boston Globe - Boston.com - Op-ed - News YESTERDAY I vetoed a bill that the Legislature forwarded to my desk. Though described by its sponsors as a measure relating to contraception, there is more http://www.boston.com/news/globe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2005/07/26/why_

Today's Globe Opinion Magazine Education ... Op-ed MITT ROMNEY Why I vetoed contraception bill July 26, 2005 YESTERDAY I vetoed a bill that the Legislature forwarded to my desk. Though described by its sponsors as a measure relating to contraception, there is more to it than that. The bill does not involve only the prevention of conception: The drug it authorizes would also terminate life after conception. Signing such a measure into law would violate the promise I made to the citizens of Massachusetts when I ran for governor. I pledged that I would not change our abortion laws either to restrict abortion or to facilitate it. What's more, this particular bill does not require parental consent even for young teenagers. It disregards not only the seriousness of abortion but the importance of parental involvement and so would weaken a protection I am committed to uphold. I have spoken with medical professionals to determine whether the drug contemplated under the bill would simply prevent conception or whether it would also terminate a living embryo after conception. Once it became clear that the latter was the case, my decision was straightforward. I will honor the commitment I made during my campaign: While I do not favor abortion, I will not change the state's abortion laws. I understand that my views on laws governing abortion set me in the minority in our Commonwealth. I am prolife. I believe that abortion is the wrong choice except in cases of incest, rape, and to save the life of the mother. I wish the people of America agreed, and that the laws of our nation could reflect that view. But while the nation remains so divided over abortion, I believe that the states, through the democratic process, should determine their own abortion laws and not have them dictated by judicial mandate.

75. Contraception Kaunitz AM, Injectable depot medroxyprogesterone acetate contraception an update for US clinicians, Int J Fertil Womens Med 1998 Mar;43(2)7383 - From http://www.montana.edu/wwwebm/Contraception.htm

Evidence-Based Medicine for Student Health Services Robert J. Flaherty, MD Swingle Student Health Service Montana State University Bozeman, MT 59717 Contraception Etiology Monitoring Epidemiology Prognosis ... Patient Education General Information EBM for Student Health Home Page About EBM EBM Resources ... Specific Conditions/Diseases Etiology No evidence is cited. Epidemiology No evidence is cited. Diagnosis Clinical Diagnosis Evidence suggests that historical features are not reliable for ruling out pregnancy. To establish a diagnosis of early pregnancy , a clinician should order a urine or serum HCG test. Caveats Age group studied: Women of childbearing age Type/size: Meta-analysis (9 studies) Population characteristics: Unclear Outcome measure: Serum or urine HCG result or pregnancy outcome Citations Is this patient pregnant? - Reviewed by DARE Laboratory/X-ray Diagnosis No evidence is cited. Treatment In General Failure rates of contraceptives include cervical cap (30%), diaphragm (18%), male condom (12%), injectable contraception (0.3%), combined oral contraceptive (0.08% - this is less than for tubal ligation=0.17%). Over five years the copper-T IUD, vasectomy, contraceptive implant and injectable contraceptive are the most cost-effective options. Caveats Age group studied: Women of childbearing age Type/size: Unknown Population characteristics: Unknown Outcome measure: Pregnancy Citations Contraception-some numbers - Reviewed by Bandolier Oral Contracept ives Desogen ) show, on average, low rates of

76. Sunshine For Women: Abortion With An Attitude Information on the legal, medical, theological, and religious history of abortion and contraception from a prochoice vantage point. http://www.pinn.net/~sunshine/abortion.html

Sunshine for Women Home Abortion With an Attitude The links below enable you to explore the following topics: Reasons to support a woman's right to choose, even if you don't personally like abortion Current medical information on a range of contraceptive practices Summary of the legal battle for women's access to contraception and abortion over the last 100 years Websites of organizations involved in pro-choice activities Democratic and Republican pro-choice, female politicians Biblical interpretations, religious positions, and ethical stands in support of a woman's right to choose Notes on feminist foremothers in the struggle for sex education and birth control Medical history of contraception and abortion Legal history of contraception and abortion History of Catholic theologians and canonists attitudes toward contraception and abortion Lots of people's reasons for supporting women's right to choose Some essays by Sunshine that summarize the issue and call attention to obscure, yet, pertinent, information Categories Sunshine for Women's Originals Activists, Activism, Organizations,

77. NPR : Emergency Contraception And The Pregnancy Debate The Food and Drug Administration has until the end of this month to decide whether to allow emergency contraception the socalled morning-after pill http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4784935

78. CADAC Pr©sente son historique et ses activit©s ainsi que des dossiers d'archives. France. http://www.cadac.org/

Passez l'intro Passez l'intro

79. Prochoiceamerica.org : Contraception contraception. contraception contraception. Home Issues contraception contraception. contraception. Unintended pregnancy is the primary factor http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/Issues/contraception/index.cfm

Contraception Equal Access Science and Women's Health Sex Education The Supreme Court ... Contraception Contraception Contraception Unintended pregnancy is the primary factor behind the high number of abortions that take place every year in the United States. Although abortion is safer than childbearing, many women could avoid the procedure altogether if contraceptive options were improved and if safe, effective and easy-to-use methods, together with comprehensive sex education, were more widely available. Many unplanned pregnancies result in wanted, loved and healthy children, but that is not always the case. Women faced with unplanned pregnancies are more likely to ignore the early signs of pregnancy and less likely to receive adequate prenatal care; their infants, therefore, run an increased risk of low birth weight and infant mortality. For some families, the emotional and economic stress of an unplanned child is overwhelming. Children who are unplanned are more likely to be abused, and children born unwanted face increased risks of poor health, poverty and neglect. Unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases are serious public health problems that could be alleviated by a national reproductive health policy that encourages personal responsibility instead of inhibiting it. Ensuring that women have access to contraceptive options that meet their health needs is essential to diminishing the significant personal and societal costs of unintended pregnancy and STDs. A national reproductive health policy must confront these problems and institute reforms that will revitalize contraceptive research and development, ensure that safe and effective birth control methods are widely available and promote public education about sexual responsibility and reproductive health.

80. Emergency Postcoital Contraception - November 15, 2000 - American Family Physici Emergency postcoital contraception, a method used to prevent pregnancy after Emergency postcoital contraception should be considered as a primary http://www.aafp.org/afp/20001115/2287.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 62/No. 10 (November 15, 2000) Emergency Postcoital Contraception RANDY ELLEN WERTHEIMER, M.D. University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts T The use of safe, effective emergency postcoital contraceptive methods could result in 1 million fewer abortions and 2 million fewer unintended pregnancies each year in the United States. Although 2 to 3 percent of women terminate a pregnancy each year through abortion, only 1 percent of women in America report ever having used emergency contraception. Studies of college women who have had abortions reveal that, on average, only one in three was aware that emergency contraception was available. Worldwide, emergency contraception has been used extensively for over two decades. The options currently available include an estrogen-progestin combination (ethinyl estradiol with levonorgestrel), progestin alone (levonorgestrel), the antiprogestin synthetic steroid RU 486 (mifepristone; Mifeprex), estrogen alone (high-dose ethinyl estradiol) and the copper intrauterine device (IUD) (Table 1) TABLE 1 Methods of Emergency Contraception Regimen Timing of first dose after intercourse Availability Reported efficacy Source of data to 72 hours Licensed in some countries since early 1980 (e.g., United Kingdom, the Netherlands); available unlicensed in the appropriate combination of oral contraceptive pills; recently licensed in the United States as a dedicated product

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