1. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Coccidioidomycosis Features cause, images, forms, tests, risks, symptoms, treatment, and prevention. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001322.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Coccidioidomycosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Coccidioidomycosis - chest X-ray Pulmonary nodule - front view chest X-ray Alternative names Return to top Coccidiosis; San Joaquin Valley fever; Valley fever Definition Return to top Coccidiodomycosis is a disease caused by the spores of the fungus, Coccidioides immitis Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Infection is caused by inhalation of the spores of the fungus, Coccidioides immitis , which is often found in desert regions. About 60% of infections cause no symptoms and are only recognized later by a positive coccidioidin skin test In the remaining 40% of cases, symptoms range from mild to severe. People with a compromised immune system tend to have more serious infections. Individuals with AIDS are at higher risk for pulmonary (lung) coccidioidomycosis , as well as for the disseminated (spread to many body systems) and cutaneous (skin) forms of the disease.

2. OI: Coccidioidomycosis -- ÆGIS coccidioidomycosis is a very dangerous opportunistic infection often fatal when untreated. Get the facts from AEGIS. http://www.aegis.com/topics/oi/oi-coccidioidomycosis.html

Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioidomycosis is a very dangerous opportunistic infection often fatal when untreated. This is part of a series on Opportunistic Infections ("OIs"). Please note that This Page Is Just A Starting Point: who specializes in treating HIV. Finding The Latest Information: Advances in treating opportunistic infections can happen at any time, so the material on this page may be outdated. Some links in the see also section at the bottom of this page are actually special database links. They may contain information published after this page was written. Classification fungus infection Description Coccidioides immitis is a fungus found mainly in soil in the southwestern parts of the US, in Mexico, in Central America, and in parts of South America. During one part of the fungus' life cycle, it is airborn. That's when it is most dangerous. Those with Coccidioidomycosis have inhaled this infective fungus. The lungs are the most commonly affected. In severe cases, Coccidioidomycosis can also involve the kidneys, lymph system, brain, and spleen. Symptoms include cough, weight loss, and fatigue. Meningitis is a common complication when Coccidioidomycosis is left untreated.

3. EMedicine - Coccidioidomycosis : Article By Joseph Kim, MD coccidioidomycosis coccidioidomycosis comprises a constellation of infectionscaused by the dimorphic fungus Coccidioides immitis, which is known as. http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic103.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Patient Education Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Emergency Medicine Infectious Diseases Coccidioidomycosis Last Updated: June 2, 2005 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: cocci, desert fever, Posadas-Wernicke disease, San Joaquin fever, cocci fungal infection, Coccidioides immitis, arthroconidia, extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis disease AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 10 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Joseph Kim, MD , Clinical Instructor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California at Irvine; Western Medical Center Editor(s): David FM Brown, MD , Instructor, Department of Medicine, Division of Emergency Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Chief, Department of Emergency Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital; Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD

4. EMedicine - Coccidioidomycosis : Article By Michele M Cheung, MD coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis is a dimorphic fungus endemic in thesoil of the southwestern United States and some areas of Mexico, http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic423.htm

(advertisement) Home Specialties Resource Centers CME ... Patient Education Articles Images CME Advanced Search Consumer Health Link to this site Back to: eMedicine Specialties Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Coccidioidomycosis Last Updated: July 17, 2003 Rate this Article Email to a Colleague Synonyms and related keywords: San Joaquin fever, valley fever, Posadas disease, Coccidioides immitis, C immitis AUTHOR INFORMATION Section 1 of 11 Author Information Introduction Clinical Differentials ... Bibliography Author: Michele M Cheung, MD , Fellow, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of California at San Francisco Coauthor(s): Peggy Weintrub, MD , Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Francisco Michele M Cheung, MD, is a member of the following medical societies: American Academy of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Society of America , and Pediatric Infectious Disease Society Editor(s): Itzhak Brook, MD, MSc

5. BioMed Central | Full Text | Coccidioidomycosis Scientific article on the disease. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1523-3820/5/529

home journals A-Z subject areas advanced search ... Issue 6 Viewing options Abstract Full text PDF Related literature: Other articles by authors Catanzaro A Tools: E-mail to a friend Download references Opinion Coccidioidomycosis Antonino Catanzaro MD 200 West Arbor Drive, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103, USA Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases Outline Opinion statement Opinion statement Introduction Treatment References Outline Introduction Opinion statement Introduction Treatment References Coccidioidomycosis is caused by a dimorphous fungus, Coccidioides . It has recently been determined that Coccidioides consists of two species, C. immitis and C. posadii . Although these organisms are genetically distinct and do not exchange DNA, they cannot be distinguished phenotypically and the disease or immune response to the organisms is indistinguishable. Coccidioides grows as a mycelium in the soil and is well-defined geographically, primarily in the Southwestern United States, northwestern Mexico, and Argentina. Infection is usually the result of activities that cause the infectious parts of the fungus to become airborne and inhaled by a susceptible host. The main risk factors for acquiring infection with Coccidioides ]. The risk for dissemination has been studied carefully and varies widely. Several risk factors have been identified. These are the same risk factors that identify patients who are more likely to have a poor outcome and who are most in need of antifungal therapy. The only exogenous risk factor is the amount of fungus inhaled. There are several host risk factors. They include gender (females fare better than males); racial background (whites are least likely to disseminate, blacks and Filipinos are most likely to disseminate); age (children younger than 1 year are more likely to disseminate, and adults older than 50 years are not more likely to disseminate but are more likely to be chronically ill 1 year after initial infection). Immunosuppressive drugs, particularly steroids, are known risk factors, but treatment regimens used in patients who have had a major organ transplant are more commonly encountered as a high risk for dissemination

6. Hospital Practice: Coccidioidomycosis Medical resource explore the concerns, epidemiology, diagnostic indicators, and therapeutic options for this infectious disease. http://www.hosppract.com/issues/1998/09/vaz.htm

Coccidioidomycosis: An Update AUSTIN VAZ, MAURICIO PINEDA-ROMAN, ALLEN R. THOMAS, and RICHARD W. CARLSON Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix The incidence of coccidioidomycosis in the southwestern United States has sharply increased over the last decade as a result of environmental and demographic changes. It is important to review the epidemiology, diagnostic indicators, and therapeutic options for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients who have a particularly high risk of infection. Drs. Vaz and Pineda-Roman are former residents in Internal Medicine, Dr. Thomas is Chief of Pulmonary Medicine, and Dr. Carlson is Chairman, Department of Medicine, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix. In addition, Dr. Thomas is Assistant Professor and Dr. Carlson is Professor of Medicine, Mayo Medical School, Scottsdale. Dr. Carlson is also Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Ariz. Awareness of coccidioidomycosis has been heightened by recent epidemics in California and by the increasing number of HIV-associated cases in endemic areas. As a result of shifting demographics, more patients are presenting with life-threatening complications. It is therefore important to review the epidemiology, diagnostic indicators, and therapeutic options available for effective management of this disease in its earliest stages. Coccidioidomycosis was first defined as a distinct disease more than a hundred years ago, in 1892. It is caused by

7. OI Coccidioidomycosis GIS coccidioidomycosis is a very dangerous opportunistic infection often fatal when untreated. Get the facts from AEGIS. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Coccidioidomycosis - Disseminated Systemic coccidioidomycosis. Definition Return to top. coccidioidomycosis is aadisease caused by breathing in a fungus (Coccidioides immitis) found in the http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000095.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Coccidioidomycosis - disseminated Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Disseminated coccidioidomycosis Fungus Alternative names Return to top Systemic coccidioidomycosis Definition Return to top Coccidioidomycosis is a a disease caused by breathing in a fungus (Coccidioides immitis) found in the soil in certain parts of the southwestern U.S., Mexico, and Central and South America. It spreads through the bloodstream to involve many organs. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Coccidioidomycosis is caused by breathing in the spores of a fungus in desert regions. About 60% of acute infections cause no symptoms and are only recognized by a positive coccidioidin skin test . In the remaining 40%, symptoms range from mild to severe. In disseminated disease, extension of infection to the bones, lungs, liver, meninges, brain, skin, heart, and pericardium (sac around the heart) may take place. Meningitis occurs in 30-50% of cases of disseminated disease. Immunodeficient (

9. Coccidioidomycosis Fact Sheet What is coccidioidomycosis? coccidioidomycosis is an infectious disease caused by inhaling spores of a fungus called Coccidioides immitis. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

10. DBMD - Coccidioidomycosis - Technical Information DBMD Disease Information. coccidioidomycosis. Navigation bar. Clinical Features,Symptomatic infection (40% of cases) usually presents as flulike illness http://www.cdc.gov/node.do/id/0900f3ec80006cc0

Coccidioidomycosis Clinical Features Symptomatic infection (40% of cases) usually presents as flu-like illness with fever, cough, headaches, rash, and myalgias. Some patients fail to recover and develop chronic pulmonary infection or widespread disseminated infection (affecting meninges, soft tissues, joints, and bone). Severe pulmonary disease may develop in HIV-infected persons. Etiologic Agent Coccidioides immitis. Reservoir Soil in semiarid areas (primarily in the Lower Sonoran life zone). Endemic in the south-western United States, parts of Mexico and South America. Incidence Incidence was 15 cases per 100,000 population in Arizona in 1995. Of persons living in areas with endemic disease, 10-50% are skin-test positive. Sequelae Meningitis may lead to permanent neurologic damage. Mortality is high in HIV-infected persons with diffuse lung disease. Transmission Inhalation of airborne arthroconidia after disturbance of contaminated soil by humans or natural disasters (e.g., dust storms and earthquakes).

11. Valley Fever Vaccine Project Of The Americas Valley Fever, coccidioidomycosis, is a lung disease that can cause mild flulike symptoms or it can be fatal. The disease is explained and lists information on the project to develop a vaccine. http://www.valleyfever.com/

Project Links Other related sites Valley Fever Primer An in depth look that answers most of your questions Project Update Slide Presentation - from Project Director Richard Hector, July 2004 Latest Newsletter One Page Flyer One Page Flyer (Español) “THE PIN PLAN” A “WE FIGHT THE FEVER” pin designed by Griffin Communications in Bakersfield is available for a minimum donation of $20. Businesses making a donation may be provided with pins for their employees attached to a card describing the donation that has been made. This idea originated with the Valley Fever Vaccine Project of the Americas, a Rotary District 5240 Project, but is a community wide, grassroots campaign. A very promising vaccine has been identified, but it must be proven in primates, manufacturing methods must be developed and it must be tested for safety in humans before human trials can begin. If 156,000 people give the minimum donation, we will be able to raise more than the $2,500,000 required for activities planned through 2004/2005.

12. EID Vol 2 No 3 Coccidioidomycosis A Reemerging Infectious Disease coccidioidomycosis A Reemerging Infectious Disease http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. EID Vol 2 No 3: Coccidioidomycosis: A Reemerging Infectious Disease In what sense is coccidioidomycosis an emerging infectious disease? coccidioidomycosisis not a new disease; it was first recognized and reported slightly http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol2no3/kirkland.htm

Synopses Coccidioidomycosis: A Reemerging Infectious Disease Theo N. Kirkland, M.D., and Joshua Fierer, M.D. Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA Download Article Coccidioides immitis , the primary pathogenic fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, is most commonly found in the deserts of the southwestern United States and Central and South America. During the early 1990s, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis in California increased dramatically. Even though most infections are subclinical or self-limited, the outbreak is estimated to have cost more than $66 million in direct medical expenses and time lost from work in Kern County, California, alone. In addition to the financial loss, this pathogen causes serious and life-threatening disseminated infections, especially among the immunosuppressed, including AIDS patients. This article discusses factors that may be responsible for the increased incidence of coccidioidomycosis (e.g., climatic and demographic changes and the clinical problems of coccidioidomycosis in the immunocompromised) and new approaches to therapy and prevention. . In what sense is coccidioidomycosis an emerging infectious disease? Coccidioidomycosis is not a new disease; it was first recognized and reported slightly more than 100 years ago by a medical student in Argentina

14. EID Vol 2 No 3: Coccidioidomycosis: A Reemerging Infectious Disease Scientific and medical article on the disease. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol2no3/kirkland.htm

Synopses Coccidioidomycosis: A Reemerging Infectious Disease Theo N. Kirkland, M.D., and Joshua Fierer, M.D. Departments of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Diego, California, USA Download Article Coccidioides immitis , the primary pathogenic fungus that causes coccidioidomycosis, is most commonly found in the deserts of the southwestern United States and Central and South America. During the early 1990s, the incidence of coccidioidomycosis in California increased dramatically. Even though most infections are subclinical or self-limited, the outbreak is estimated to have cost more than $66 million in direct medical expenses and time lost from work in Kern County, California, alone. In addition to the financial loss, this pathogen causes serious and life-threatening disseminated infections, especially among the immunosuppressed, including AIDS patients. This article discusses factors that may be responsible for the increased incidence of coccidioidomycosis (e.g., climatic and demographic changes and the clinical problems of coccidioidomycosis in the immunocompromised) and new approaches to therapy and prevention. . In what sense is coccidioidomycosis an emerging infectious disease? Coccidioidomycosis is not a new disease; it was first recognized and reported slightly more than 100 years ago by a medical student in Argentina

15. DBMD - Coccidioidomycosis - Technical Information coccidioidomycosis Clinical Features Symptomatic infection (40% of cases) usually presents as flulike illness with fever, cough, headaches, rash http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Coccidioidomycosis coccidioidomycosis Contents of this page Illustrations Illustrations. coccidioidomycosis chest X-ray. Pulmonary nodule - front view chest http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

17. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Coccidioidomycosis - Disseminated coccidioidomycosis disseminated Contents of this page Illustrations. Alternative names. Definition. Causes, incidence, and risk factors http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

18. Coccidioidomycosis Detailed information on the disease. http://www.doctorfungus.org/mycoses/human/cocci/coccidioidomycosis.htm

Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural The Fungi Introduction Descriptions Synonyms Image Bank Lecture Bank Video Bank Drugs Introduction Medical Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Laboratory Introduction Susceptibility MIC Database Procedures Histopathology Tools Introduction Abbreviations Links CME Conference Highlights Bibliography Glossary Good Books Events Calendar About Us Introduction Our Mission Editorial Board Editorial Staff Supporters Contributors Legal Stuff Kudos This page updated: 7/6/2005 2:22:31 PM Site built and designed for doctorfungus by Webillustrated You are here: Mycoses Introduction Human Veterinary Environmental Industrial Agricultural Navigate this section from here: Select a Fungal Infection Aspergillosis Blastomycosis Candidiasis: General Overview Candidiasis: Invasive Forms Overview - Arthritis - Asymptomatic Colonization - Biliary - Candidemia - Candidemia and Catheters - Cardiac - CNS: General - CNS: Neurosurgery-related - Chronic Candidiasis - Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis - Cutaneous - Empirical Therapy: Neonates - Empirical Therapy: Neutropenic - Empirical Therapy: Non-Neutropenic - Endophthalmitis - Esophagitis - Four Forms of Invasive Candidiasis - Hepatosplenic - Neonatal - Onychomycosis (Nail infections) - Oropharyngeal - Osteomyelitis - Pancreatic - Peritonitis - Peritonitis: Dialysis-related - Peritonitis: Gut injury-related - Pneumonia - Urinary: General - Urinary: Asymptomatic funguria - Urinary: Fungus balls - Vulvovaginitis Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcosis - CNS Cryptococcosis

19. Valley Fever Vaccine Project Of The Americas Valley Fever, coccidioidomycosis, is a lung disease that can cause mild flulike symptoms or it can be fatal. The disease is explained and lists http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

20. Emerging Infectious Diseases Coccidioidomycosis Following The coccidioidomycosis is not transmitted from person to person. Extrapulmonarycoccidioidomycosis in a person infected with human immunodeficiency virus is http://www.aegis.com/pubs/Cdc_Fact_Sheets/1994/cdc94010.html

Emerging Infectious Diseases: Coccidioidomycosis Following the Northridge Earthquake California, 1994 MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - March 18, 1994 From January 24 through March 15, 1994, 170 persons with laboratory evidence of acute coccidioidomycosis * were identified in Ventura County, California. This numberwhich comprises cases identified through active surveillancesubstantially exceeds the total number of coccidioidomycosis cases (52) reported through routine passive surveillance during all of 1993 in Ventura County, which has been considered an area of low incidence for this disease. The increase in cases follows the January 17 earthquake centered in Northridge (in adjacent Los Angeles County), which may have exposed Ventura County residents to increased levels of airborne dust. The California Department of Health Services, local public health agencies, and CDC are conducting an investigation to determine the magnitude of the outbreak, risk factors for infection, and its possible association with the Northridge earthquake. REPORTED BY: D Pappagianis, MD, Univ of California, Davis; G Feldman, MD, M Billimek, MSH, Ventura County Public Health Dept, Ventura; L Mascola, MD, Los Angeles County Health Dept, Los Angeles; SB Werner, MD, RJ Jackson, MD, GW Rutherford, III, MD, State Epidemiologist, California Dept of Health Svcs. Emergency Response Coordination Group, National Center for Environmental Health; Office of the Director, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; Div of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases; Div of Field Epidemiology, Epidemiology Program Office, CDC.

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