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         Cholera:     more books (100)
  1. 'At the Extremity of Civilization' : A Meticulously Descriptive Diary of an Illinois Physician's Journey in 1849 Along the Oregon Trail to the Goldmines and Cholera of California, Thence in Two Years to Return by Boat via Panama by Israel Shipman Pelton Lord, Necia Dixon Liles, 1995-01
  2. A Treatise on Epidemic Cholera by Horatio Gates Jameson, 2010-10-14

141. Cholera
Translate this page Die cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrionen) verursachte Infektionskrankheit . Nur ganz vereinzelt wird die cholera nach Deutschland importiert.
http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/www/de/laenderinfos/gesundheitsdienst/merkblatt/c
var imagepath ="/www/de/"; AA-Homepage Gesundheitsdienst Merkblätter Cholera
Cholera
Bitte beachten Sie in jedem Fall den untenstehenden Haftungsausschluss. Die Infektion
Das Krankheitsbild
Die Diagnose
Die Therapie
Schutz gegen Cholera
Choleraregeln
Die Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrionen) verursachte Infektionskrankheit. Es handelt sich um eine Darmerkrankung, daher werden die Erreger nur mit dem Stuhl oder Erbrochenen ausgeschieden.
Sie ist weitverbreitet in Ländern mit mangelnder Hygiene (Fernost, Afrika, Süd- und Mittelamerika). Nur ganz vereinzelt wird die Cholera nach Deutschland importiert. Das Erkrankungsrisiko ist für Normaltouristen und Entsandte äußerst gering. Strikte Einhaltung der Lebensmittel-, Trinkwasser- und Körperhygiene sind die wichtigsten Vorbeugemaßnahmen.
Die Infektion: Sie erfolgt über Essen und Trinken und anderes Verhalten, bei dem die Bakterien in den Mund und den Verdauungskanal gelangen können. Die Erreger stammen - von einem chronischen (aber subjektiv gesunden) Dauerausscheider, oder - aus entsprechend verschmutztem Wasser bzw. Lebensmitteln, oder

142. Afghan Capital On Verge Of Cholera Outbreak - Infectious Diseases - MSNBC.com
Authorities chlorinated wells across the Afghan capital amid fears the city of4 million people was on the verge of a cholera epidemic.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8231960/
Skip navigation Health Health Library Katrina's Impact ... Most Popular NBC NEWS MSNBC TV Today Show Nightly News Meet the Press ... Infectious Diseases
Afghan capital on verge of cholera outbreak
Authorities chlorinate hundreds of wells to avert crisis
KABUL, Afghanistan - Authorities chlorinated wells across the Afghan capital Wednesday amid fears the city of 4 million people was on the verge of a cholera epidemic. The waterborne disease has killed eight or nine people and is suspected of infecting more than 2,000, said Fred Hartman, an epidemiologist with a U.S.-supported health project. Abdullah Fahim, an adviser to the health minister, put the death toll at six, up from three Tuesday. Fahim said there was no reason to panic, but hospitals pitched dozens of tents on their grounds in case of a surge of patients. The NATO-led international security force in Kabul used a radio station and a newspaper it controls to tell the public about sanitary steps that help avoid the disease, a potentially fatal intestinal ailment generally spread by contaminated water and food. Fahim said all major water sources, including reservoirs, had been chlorinated. He said teams also had treated about 700 wells, which are the main source of water for many people in Kabul. He said the city is thought to have thousands of wells.

143. Cholera - Onmeda Medizin Und Gesundheit
Translate this page cholera - eine ernstzunehmende Seuchenkrankheit. Wo kommt sie her, was löst sieaus, wie kann man sich schützen, was ist bei Infektionsverdacht zu tun,
http://www.onmeda.de/krankheiten/cholera.html

144. Patron Saints Index: Cholera
cholera. Roch Saints Index Page Catholic Community Forum Contact Author Message Board.
http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/pst01140.htm
PATRON SAINT INDEX TOPIC
cholera Saints Index Page Catholic Community Forum Contact Author ... Message Board

145. Evolution: Library: Cholera: Domesticating Disease
The case study of the 1991 cholera epidemic in South America is the backdrop forthis segment. That s the case with the bug that causes cholera .
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/library/10/4/l_104_01.html
Cholera: Domesticating Disease
This segment from Evolution: "The Evolutionary Arms Race" features the work of biologist Paul Ewald , who studies the evolution of virulence of disease organisms. The case study of the 1991 cholera epidemic in South America is the backdrop for this segment. Ewald describes how, over a few years time, society can steer the evolution of such pathogens toward becoming more mild. Credits: View in:
QuickTime
RealPlayer Resource Type: Video Format: QuickTime or RealPlayer
Length: 4 min, 52 sec
Topics Covered:
Why Evolution Matters Backgrounder Cholera: Domesticating Disease: Charles Darwin himself most likely could not have imagined the impact of his ideas on the way today's scientists interpret the spread and power of infectious diseases.
Scientists are using evolutionary concepts to explain why some viruses and bacteria are highly virulent and life-threatening, while others reside in their hosts with few, if any, ill effects. By formulating mathematical models from evolutionary forces at play, scientists are beginning to predict patterns of disease transmission and their levels of virulence.
Understanding these concepts, one has to look at infections from the point of view of the

146. Fowl Cholera
Fowl cholera has occurred only once in Michigan and that was in a green heron . The mechanism of spread of avian cholera among waterfowl is unknown.
http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26650--,00.html
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Michigan Bird Conservation Initiative
... [Text Version] Fowl Cholera Description and Distribution Fowl cholera is an infectious avian disease caused by the bacterium, Pasteurella multocida . A wide variety of wild and domestic birds are susceptible and outbreaks of fowl cholera are not uncommon among wild waterfowl. Fowl cholera can be acute or chronic, generalized or local and is characterized by sudden onset with high morbidity and high mortality. Fowl cholera is said to be a disease of overcrowding, spread by contact between healthy and ill birds, in an environment contaminated with Pasteurella organisms. Stress appears to be an important factor in breaking down the bird's resistance. Cold, damp weather predisposes birds to this disease and outbreaks are generally seen during the winter months in overwintering waterfowl flocks. The only existing enzootic areas of fowl cholera in the world are the Muleshoe National Refuge in Texas, in north central California and in the rainwater basin in Nebraska where periodic winter outbreaks occur. Sporadic outbreaks have occurred in other areas of the U.S. during the winter months, with Wisconsin and Illinois being the states closest to Michigan with fowl cholera cases.

147. AllAfrica.com Sudan Cholera Hits Sudan Camp
allAfrica African news and information for a global audience.
http://allafrica.com/stories/200507251627.html

148. Vaccine Information Statement-Cholera Vaccine
cholera vaccine is a suspension of two strains of killed cholera bacteria in saline cholera vaccine is about 50% effective in preventing disease.
http://depts.washington.edu/druginfo/Vaccine/HealthDept/Cholera.html
Note to UWMC/HMC patients: If you have questions on this information, please consult your UWMC/HMC health care provider.
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT CHOLERA VACCINE Please read carefully WHAT IS CHOLERA?
Cholera is a disease that is usually caused by consumption of fecally contaminated water and food and is most likely to occur in parts of Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
CHOLERA VACCINE:
Cholera vaccine is a suspension of two strains of killed cholera bacteria in saline solution. Phenol is added as a preservative. Cholera vaccine is about 50% effective in preventing disease. The indications for cholera vaccine are travel to or from and residence in countries with cholera. Cholera vaccine is not recommended for infants under six (6) months of age.
The best protection is to avoid contaminated food and water. Vaccination for cholera is not a substitute for careful food and water consumption. Some countries require cholera immunization for persons entering the country, especially when arriving from another country where cholera occurs.
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE:
The primary immunization series consists of two (2) doses of vaccine given one week to one month apart. For persons who are to be vaccinated in the US because of anticipated travel to a country requiring cholera for entrance, a single dose of vaccine is sufficient to satisfy international health regulations. With the threat or occurrence of epidemic cholera, health authorities of some countries may require evidence of a complete primary series of two (2) doses or a booster within six (6) months before arrival.

149. Cholera.diaryland.com * Spring 2003
- 1022 am - 2003-11-28. /diary . Previous // Next Archived Guestbook Notes Profile Rings Images Septicity.com SidewalkVagina.com
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150. Poultry Diseases - Fowl Cholera
This is a contagious bacterial disease of worldwide distribution caused byPasteurella multocida. The disease affects domesticated as well as wild birds.
http://www.dpi.qld.gov.au/poultry/5357.html
Access keys Skip to primary navigation Skip to secondary navigation Skip to content ... Safe, sustainable systems
Poultry diseases -
Fowl cholera
Fowl cholera is a contagious bacterial disease of world wide distribution caused by Pasteurella multocida. The disease affects many types of domesticated and wild birds. Fowl cholera may be acute with sudden or rapid death or may be chronic. Losses usually occur in birds over 16 weeks of age.
Signs of infection
Acute
Often sudden death is the only sign. Fever, loss of appetite, ruffled feathers, mucous discharge from the mouth, green watery diarrhoea and respiratory difficulty may be seen. Other signs include cyanosis (bluish – purple discolouration) and swelling of the comb and wattles. Birds that survive become chronically infected or recover while others die through emaciation and dehydration.
Chronic
This may result following partial recovery or from infection with organisms of low virulence (strength). Signs include localised swelling in joints, foot pad, eyes and throat. Birds that recover may remain carriers.
Lesions
Peracute
Lesions may be entirely absent.

151. Guidelines For Cholera Control
Issues on prevention of disease outbreak, control of cholera, treatment of patients, This document, Guidelines for cholera Control was compiled by the
http://www.doh.gov.za/issues/cholera/guidelines.html
Guidelines for Cholera Control
National Department of Health
Directorate: Communicable Disease Control
Sub-Directorate: Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases Pretoria, June 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Print this document (14 pages) Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction 2. The Etiology of Cholera
  • Infectious Agent Clinical Presentation of Cholera Reservoir Mode of Transmission Incubation Period Period of Communicability Population at Risk
  • 3. Epidemic Preparedness 4. Prevention and Control
  • Preventive Measures Public Awareness Control of Patients, Contacts and Environment
  • 5. Surveillance
  • Bacterial Surveillance Environmental Surveillance Reporting Notification According to International Health Regulations
  • 6. Treatment
  • Management of Cholera Patient Antibiotics Vaccines Prophylaxis General measures
  • 7. Training 8. Intersectoral Collaboration Annexure A
    Annexure B
    ...
    Form to apply for copies of this document
    PREFACE
    Since the early 1970’s, cholera has been endemic in the Southern part of the African region. Since then, South Africa has been actively involved in the prevention, control and treatment of cholera. Cholera outbreaks in the early 1980’s were used as training grounds for the South African Health System in so far as prevention and control of infectious diseases is concerned. Various strategies and outbreak response mechanisms were employed at various levels of care. The experiences learnt in the 1980’s provided a wealth of knowledge, which culminated into the compilations of guidelines for the control of cholera outbreaks not only in South Africa but also in other developing countries throughout the world. So as not to loose what was learnt in the 1980’s, the National Department of Health developed guideline on the control of cholera in 1998.

    152. Hardships On The Oregon-Trail
    cholera Perhaps the biggest problem on the Trail was a mysterious and deadly cholera killed more emigrants than anything else. In a bad year,
    http://www.isu.edu/~trinmich/Hardships.html
    Web oregon-trail Hardships
    Walking 2,000 miles barefootand that was the easy part
    River Crossings
    River crossings were a constant source of distress for the pioneers. Hundreds drowned trying to cross the Kansas, North Platte and Columbia Riversamong others. In 1850 alone, 37 people drowned trying to cross one particularly difficult riverthe Green. Emigrant John B. Hill:
    "The ferryman allowed too many passengers to get in the boat, and the water came within two inches of the gunwale. He ordered every man to stand steady as the boat was liable to swamp. When we were nearly across the edge of the boat dipped; I thought the boat would be swamped instantly and drowned the last one of us." Those who didn't drown were usually fleeced. The charge ranged up to 16 dollars; almost the price of an oxen. One ferry earned $65,000 in just one summer. The emigrants complained bitterly.

    153. HOG CHOLERA
    Hog cholera (HC) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine that occurs in an Although minor antigenic variants of hog cholera virus (HCV) have been
    http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/gray_book/FAD/hoc.htm
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    FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES HOG CHOLERA
    ( Note: The preferred term for this disease is now classical swine fever.)
    (Classical swine fever, peste du porc, colera porcina, Virusschweinepest) Definition Hog cholera (HC) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine that occurs in an acute, a subacute, a chronic, or a persistent form. In the acute form, the disease is characterized by high fever, severe depression, multiple superficial and internal hemorrhages, and high morbidity and mortality. In the chronic form, the signs of depression, anorexia, and fever are less severe than in the acute form, and recovery is occasionally seen in mature animals. Transplacental infection with viral strains of low virulence often results in persistently infected piglets, which constitute a major cause of virus dissemination to noninfected farms. Etiology Although minor antigenic variants of hog cholera virus (HCV) have been reported, there is only one serotype. Hog cholera virus is a lipid-enveloped pathogen belonging to the family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus . The organism has a close antigenic relationship with the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and the border disease virus (BDV), as demonstrated in the immunodiffusion and immunofluorescence tests. The serum neutralization test can, however, differentiate between HCV and BVDV. In a protein-rich environment, HCV is very stable and can survive for months in refrigerated meat and for years in frozen meat. The virus is sensitive to drying (desiccation) and is rapidly inactivated by a pH of less than 3 and greater than 11.

    154. The Australian: Cholera Hits Starving Masses [July 29, 2005]
    The Australian, Australia s national daily newspaper.
    http://www.theaustralian.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5744,16092265%5E1702,00
    09 September 2005
    Home
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    Cholera hits starving masses
    From correspondents in geneva, Switzerland
    July 29, 2005 FIVE people have died from cholera in Niger, the UN health agency said, warning that disease could spread rapidly among hundreds of thousands of people weakened by the country's food emergency.
    "If we are not there now and with sufficient funds, the number of deaths could be dramatic," World Health Organisation crisis expert Pino Annunziata. "Cholera is already there." mR Annunziata, who has just returned from a mission in Niger, said the death rate among the 49 cases of cholera found in the south-western area near Tahoua was high, at least five times the usual fatality rate of 1-2 per cent. "This is already an indicator that this disease is affecting already weakened bodies," he said.

    155. David Gratzer On Public Health On National Review Online
    In 1854, cholera was killing Londoners, claiming 500 people in just over ten days . How is it that public health has gone from cholera to school choice?
    http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/gratzer200402120851.asp
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    February 12, 2004, 8:51 a.m.
    Cadbury Replaces Cholera
    Can government make us healthier?
    By David Gratzer W your choices their business.
    in the household. During an interview with a local paper, Rondeau waxed poetic about the need for citizens to appreciate not only the health differences between a green leafy vegetable and a double bacon cheeseburger, but also to make the right choice between them. He hopes to push people in that direction. Let's be clear. Rondeau won't be doing any random checks on Canadian kitchens, looking for evil hamburger meat or saintly asparagus. Despite his grand ambitions, there are limitations to his present job: He doesn't have a staff beyond his secretary. In other words, Rondeau's title is august while his political stature is small. But his appointment illustrates the biggest trend in public health, from the community to your house. This medical heroism may be the most spectacular success in public health, but it hardly stands out as the only one. Indeed, the advances made by smart public-health initiatives in the first half of the twentieth century resulted in a greater extension of life expectancy than the dazzling medical discoveries made in the latter half. My colleagues would have you believe that open-heart surgery and MRIs are the medical miracles of the past century, but clean water and infectious-disease control deserve more credit.

    156. The Sydney Morning Herald
    Fears capital on verge of cholera epidemic The Sydney Morning Herald.
    http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2003/04/23/1050777306292.html
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    157. Meine Gesundheit: Cholera
    Medikamentenratgeber, Reisevorsorge, Rehakliniken.
    http://www.meine-gesundheit.de/281.0.html
    SEITE EMPFEHLEN STARTSEITE VOLLTEXTSUCHE
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    DRUCKVERSION CHOLERA
    Ursachen / Ausbreitung Cholera ist eine durch Bakterien (Vibrio cholerae) verursachte Erkrankung. Die Erreger gelangen mit den menschlichen Ausscheidungen in die Abwässer und von dort ins Trinkwasser und in bestimmte Lebensmittel (Milch, Muscheln). Etwa jeder 5. Infizierte erkrankt, besonders anfällig sind unterernährte Personen. Alle Infizierten, auch die nichterkrankten, scheiden den Erreger aber aus und können somit die Ausbreitung der Erkrankung fördern. Cholera tritt dort auf, wo es mangelnde Hygiene, Armut, Hunger oder Krieg gibt. Die letzte Choleraepidemie gab es in Deutschland vor etwa 100 Jahren in Hamburg und sie konnte erst dann eingedämmt werden, als man für sauberes Trinkwasser und die Sanierung der schlechten hygienischen Verhältnisse gesorgt hatte. Symptome Einige Tage nach der Infektion kommt es zu massiven wässerigen Durchfällen und zu starkem Erbrechen., die eine knappe Woche anhalten. Die Erkrankten können bis zu 10 Liter Flüssigkeit täglich verlieren. Wenn die Flüssigkeit, und die damit verlorenen Elektrolyte (Salze), nicht ersetzt werden, kommt es zu Austrocknungserscheinungen. Bei abheben der Haut bleiben Falten stehen, es besteht ein starkes Durstgefühl, es treten Muskelkrämpfe auf und schließlich kann es zu einem lebensbedrohlichen Kreislaufkollaps kommen.

    158. Cholera Vaccine Adverse Reactions
    Transverse myelitis following cholera, typhoid and polio vaccination. JR Soc Med . Acute renal failure after TAB and cholera vaccination.
    http://www.whale.to/vaccines/cholera.html
    Cavaliere T, D'Isanto R, Palmieri A. [Serologic changes induced by anticholera vaccine].
    Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1974 Sep-Oct;29(5):503-4. Italian. No abstract available.
    PMID: 4451166; UI: 75106158
    Colucci D'Amato FC, Feis P.
    [Psychiatric complications due to anticholera vaccination with reference to 2 clinical cases]. Acta Neurol (Napoli). 1974 Sep-Oct;29(5):534-6. Italian. No abstract available.PMID: 4451169; UI: 75106163
    D'Costa DF, Cooper A, Pye IF.
    Transverse myelitis following cholera, typhoid and polio vaccination.
    J R Soc Med. 1990 Oct;83(10):653. No abstract available.
    PMID: 2286971; UI: 91140505
    Driehorst J, Laubenthal F.
    [Acute myocarditis after cholera vaccination].
    Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1984 Feb 3;109(5):197-8. German. No abstract available.
    PMID: 6697911; UI: 84131654 Eisinger AJ, Smith JG. Acute renal failure after TAB and cholera vaccination.
    Br Med J. 1979 Feb 10;1(6160):381-2. No abstract available. PMID: 761023; UI: 79104630 Gavrilesco S, Streian C, Constantinesco L. [Associated ventricular tachycardia and auricular fibrillation after anticholera vaccination]. Acta Cardiol. 1973;28(1):89-94. French. No abstract available.

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