61. Many Women Uninformed About Cervical Cancer - Cancer Information On MedicineNet. Information on many different cancers includes symptoms, cancer detection andprevention, and treatment options. http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=52575

62. Cervical Cancer - March 1, 2000 - American Academy Of Family Physicians Identifying women at risk for developing invasive cervical cancer enables In a prospective study of 297 women with HPV type 18 and cervical cancer, http://www.aafp.org/afp/20000301/1369.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 61/No. 5 (March 1, 2000) Cervical Cancer TIMOTHY P. CANAVAN, M.D., and NIPA R. DOSHI, M.D. Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, Pennsylvania I n 1998, it was reported that 12,800 women in the United States developed cancer of the uterine cervix, and 4,800 women died of the disease. Overall, cervical cancer is relatively uncommon in the developed countries of the world, where intensive screening programs are in place. Since the advent and widespread use of screening Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, which detect asymptomatic preinvasive lesions at the earliest stages, the incidence of cervical cancer has dramatically decreased from 32 cases per 100,000 women in the 1940s to 8.3 cases per 100,000 women in the 1980s. However, in many parts of the developing world, cervical cancer continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality. After breast cancer, cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Cervical cancer is relatively uncommon in developed countries with intensive cytologic screening programs.

63. Breast And Cervical Cancer Prevention And Treatment (BCCPT) Main Page have been screened for and found to have breast or cervical cancer, Model Agreement for Provision of Breast and cervical cancer Screening, http://www.cms.hhs.gov/bccpt/

Search Frequenty Asked Questions Programs Medicare Medicaid SCHIP HIPAA ... CLIA Topics Advisory Committees Coverage Demonstrations Manuals ... State Waivers Resources Acronyms Contacts Events Forms ... Search Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment The Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000 On October 24, 2000, the Breast and Cervical Cancer Prevention and Treatment Act of 2000 ( Public Law 106-354 ) was signed into law. This Act, which has an effective date of October 1, 2000, gives states the option to provide medical assistance through Medicaid to eligible women who were screened through the and found to have breast or cervical cancer, including pre-cancerous conditions. NBCCEDP, which is administered by CDC, provides free breast and cervical cancer screening and follow-up diagnostic services to women in need, such as those who are uninsured or have low incomes. In 2000, CDC began its 10th year of this landmark program, supporting early detection programs in all 50 states, 6 U.S. territories, the District of Columbia, and 12 American Indian and Alaska Native organizations. Native American Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Technical Amendment Act of 2001 On January 15, 2002, Congress passed a technical amendment to the BCCPT Act. This amendment, the Native American Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Technical Amendment Act of 2001, extends benefits of the BCCPT Act to additional American Indian and Alaska Native women. On February 28, 2002, CMS sent a

64. M. D. Anderson Cancer Center - Cervical Cancer Treatment, Research & Prevention Get cervical cancer treatment and research information as well as support andeducation resources from the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. http://www.mdanderson.org/Diseases/Cervical/

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65. It's Your Health - Diseases It s Your Health is a series of topical and brief publications produced by HealthCanada for the public, media and special interest groups. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/iyh/diseases/cervical_cancer.html

@import url(/styles/advanced.css); Français Contact us Help Search ... Diseases Diseases Here you will find current, reliable and easy-to-understand articles on the topic of diseases. There are over 100 It's Your Health articles on various topics you can download or print for free. See the complete list Avian Influenza (Bird Flu) Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer ... Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Last Updated: 2005-09-06 Important Notices

66. Cytyc Corporation - Dedicated To Women's Health Information about women's health, cervical cancer screening and the ThinPrep Pap Test. http://www.cytyc.com/

Events Schedule Sept. 11-14, 2005 College of American Pathologists (CAP) Oct. 6-9, 2005 Lynn Sage Breast Cancer Symposium NovaSure System Cytyc Surgical Products Division markets the NovaSure System, an innovative endometrial ablation device to treat menorrhagia, or excessive menstrual bleeding. Mammosite Radiation Therapy System Allows physicians to deliver radiation from inside the breast following removal of a tumor. This technology enables women to complete radiation therapy in just 5 days. ThinPrep System The ThinPrep System is the most widely used method for cervical cancer screening in the United States. FirstCyte Breast Test The FirstCyte Breast Test is Cytyc's patented ductal lavage technology to aid in breast cancer risk assessment. Home Privacy Terms Site Map

67. Cervical Cancer Prevention cervical cancer is an important women s reproductive health problem, especially in This section of RHO provides information on cervical cancer, http://www.rho.org/html/cxca.htm

Site Map Glossary Topics RH Resources ... Cervical Cancer Prevention Cervical Cancer Prevention Cervical cancer is an important women's reproductive health problem, especially in developing countries where an estimated 190,000 women die from the disease each year. Unlike many cancers, cervical cancer can be prevented. This section of RHO provides information on cervical cancer, with a focus on women in developing countries and prevention of cancer through identification and treatment of precancerous lesions, not on treatment of invasive disease. The Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention was launched in 1999 by EngenderHealth (formerly AVSC International), IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer), JHPIEGO Corporation, PAHO (Pan American Health Organization), and PATH (Program for Appropriate Technology in Health). The five-year project, supported by the will support programs to clarify, promote, and implement strategies for preventing cervical cancer in developing countries. RHO's Cervical Cancer Prevention section is funded by the through the Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention.

68. Smoking, Sex And Reproduction: Fact Sheet No.7 - ASH ASHUK Factsheet covers smoking and cervical cancer, fertility, pregnancy, menopause, oral contraceptives, fetal growth and birth weight, spontaneous abortion, complications of pregnancy, perinatal mortality, secondhand smoke and pregnancy, children's health and long-term growth. http://www.ash.org.uk/html/factsheets/html/fact07.html

factsheet no:7 Smoking, sex and Reproduction Action on Smoking and Health – May Introduction Cigarette smoking can affect women’s fertility; men’s fertility; sexual function in men; pregnant women's health; the health of an unborn child; and the health of young children. Most of the information below is sourced from the British Medical Association report: Smoking and Reproductive Life: http://www.bma.org.uk/ap.nsf/Content/SmokingReproductiveLife Fertility Women who smoke take longer to conceive. Among smokers, the chances of conceiving fall by 10 – 40 per cent per cycle. The greater the quantity of cigarettes smoked, the longer a woman is likely to take to achieve pregnancy. Even comparatively low levels of smoking can have a significant impact. An investigation involving almost 11,000 women in Denmark revealed that women who smoked between five and nine cigarettes a day were 1.8 times more likely than non-smokers to wait longer than 12 months to conceive. A British study found that both active and passive smoking was associated with delayed conception. Cigarette smoking can also affect male fertility: smoking reduces the quality of semen. Men who smoke have a lower sperm count than non-smokers, and their semen contains a higher proportion of malformed sperm. By-products of nicotine present in semen of smokers have been found to reduce the motility of sperm.

69. Cervical Cancer: Research, Treatment, Symptoms And Diagnosis Women s health information written and reviewed by experts at Sunnybrook andWomen s College Health Sciences Centre. Women s health matters includes http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca/centres/cancer/cervical/

Print this page Home + Health Centres Cancer ... Glossary Cancer Home Breast Cervical Colorectal Endometrial Ovarian Skin - Melanoma - Nonmelanoma Cervical cancer can be prevented and, in most cases, it can be cured if treated early. Cervical cancer was once one of the most common causes of cancer death, but death rates have dropped dramatically over the last 40 years. This is due to the use of the Pap test, an examination performed in your doctor's office to detect early abnormal cells. Cervical cancer is the eleventh most common cancer among Canadian women. Most cervical cancers are caused by specific strains of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). This virus is passed from one person to another by genital skin contact. Intercourse in not necessarily required for transmission. HPV can be transmitted by sexual contact with women or men. Am I at risk?

70. Cervical Dysplasia General resource on causes, treatments, and cervical cancer, including a selection of pictures and HPV informational links. http://www.cervical-dysplasia-causes.com/

Human Papilloma Virus - HPV How dangerous is HPV? The medical facts may surprise you! www.health-science-report.com Cervical Dysplasia Causes Cervical Dysplasia Causes - Alternative Names cervical intraepithelialneoplasias (CIN I, II, and III) low-grade and high-gradesquamous intraepithelial lesions (LGSILs andHGSILs) Cervical Dysplasia Causes - Common Misspellings cervcial dysplasia cevicaldyspalsia cervicaldisplasia cervixal dysplasia cervicaldysplasia Cervical Dysplasia Causes - What Is Cervical Dysplasia? Cervical dysplasia means that there is abnormal cell growth (dysplasia) in the cervix. The cervix is the firm, smooth organ that forms the entrance to the uterus in the female reproductive system. Cell growth is considered abnormal when some areas of cervical cells are immature compared with their normal neighbors. They also divide faster than expected, and their nuclei show specific types of microscopic changes. Cervical dysplasia is an important health problem because it sometimes, but not always, progresses to cervical cancer. Cervical dysplasia is a laboratory diagnosis made on the tiny sample of cervical tissue taken for a Pap smear. Depending on the specific naming system used, cervical dysplasia may also be calledsquamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or cervical intraepithelialneoplasia (CIN). When a Pap smear is examined under a microscope and abnormal cervical cells involve the lower third of the specimen, the condition is described as "mild" cervical dysplasia (low-grade SIL or CIN 1). If abnormal cervical cells are found on larger portions of the specimen, the condition is described as "moderate" or "severe" cervical dysplasia (high-grade SIL or CIN 2 or 3).

71. Cervical Cancer Information Directory - CancerIndex cervical cancer is a common type of malignancy accounting for about 6% of all The peak incidence of cervical cancer occurs between the ages of 40 to 55. http://www.cancerindex.org/clinks3h.htm

Home Site Map Cancer Types Treatments ... About Cervical Cancer Information Directory Home Cancer Types Gynacological Cancers Cervical Cancer Cervical cancer is a common type of malignancy accounting for about 6% of all cancers found in women. It is a disease in which cancerous cells develop in the uterine cervix (this is the connecting passage between the uterus and vagina). The human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the principal cause of most cervical cancers. The peak incidence of cervical cancer occurs between the ages of 40 to 55. It is rare before the age of 35, however the incidence of cervical cancer in younger women rose dramatically during the two decades after 1960. Regular Pap smear tests may detect abnormal changes in the cervical tissues, before cancer develops. Symptoms of cervical cancer may include vaginal bleeding after intercourse or bleeding between periods. However, in the early stages of the disease there are often no obvious signs or symptoms, so regular smear tests are important. Menu: Cervical Cancer Information Directory Information for Patients and the Public Information for Health Professionals / Researchers Cervical Cancer Screening (including the PAP smear test) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Cervical Cancer Gynacological Cancers Information for Patients and the Public (12 links) What You Need to Know About Cancer of the Cervix - Patient's booklet (National Cancer Institute, USA) This site contains information about the disease, diagnosis, staging, and treatment options.

72. Cervical 'Pap' Smears And Colposcopy UK based site concerned with cervical screening, cervical cancer and colposcopy. http://www.colposcopy.org.uk

73. UK To Start Trials Of New Cervical Cancer Vaccine CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/cancer/01/15/health.vaccine.reut/index.html

74. Cervical Cancer Overview of cervical cancer and the tests used to screen for and detect it. http://www.labtestsonline.org/understanding/conditions/cervical.html

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75. Lakewood Pathology Associates Providing global pathology services to hospitals, physicians and patients as well as consumer education on cervical cancer, Pap tests and other issues. Lakewood, New Jersey. http://www.lakewoodpath.com/

Company Overview Company Overview Chief Operating Officer Medical Staff Professional Staff ... Client Service Purchased Services Surgery Center Private Practice Legal Opinion of Purchased Services Sample Reports ... for live access to reports... Lakewood Pathology Associates (LPA) is a national anatomical pathology company providing comprehensive and dynamic pathology services tailored to the outpatient needs of surgeons of diverse specialties. Providing a full range of anatomical pathology services including extensive diagnostic procedures and specialist consultations, LPA serves a client base including but not limited to hospitals, medical centers, physicians and dentists. A CLIA certified cytology, histology and molecular pathology laboratory, LPA is accredited by the College of American Pathologists and recognized with distinction for exceptional service and quality. Areas of Specialization: Genitourinary Pathology Gastrointestinal Pathology Dermatopathology Gynecologic Pathology Cytopathology Hematopathology Breast Pathology 1200 River Avenue, Building 10

76. Cervical Cancer The cervix is the lower part of the womb or uterus and is commonly referred toas the neck of the womb . http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/diseases/facts/cervicalcancer.htm

Search: All NetDoctor Diseases Medicines NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News News archive Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Examinations Medicines Premium services SMS services StayQuit thediet Health centres ADHD Allergy and asthma Children's health Depression ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital Search Medline Test yourself Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Cervical cancer Reviewed by Dr Philip Owen , consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist What is the cervix? The cervix is the lower part of the womb or uterus and is commonly referred to as the 'neck of the womb'. The cervix plays an important role in maintaining a normal pregnancy. In non-pregnant women, the cervix has no obvious function although it may be important to the enjoyment of sex in some women. If you squat or stand with one leg on a chair and put one or two fingers into your vagina, you will be able to feel the smooth, rounded cervix at the top of your vagina. What is cervical cancer?

77. [Clinical Preventive Services] Screening For Cervical Cancer Routine screening for cervical cancer with Papanicolaou (Pap) testing is recommended The principal screening test for cervical cancer is the Pap smear. http://cpmcnet.columbia.edu/texts/gcps/gcps0019.html

Guide to Clinical Preventive Services, Second Edition Neoplastic Diseases Screening for Cervical Cancer RECOMMENDATION Routine screening for cervical cancer with Papanicolaou (Pap) testing is recommended for all women who are or have been sexually active and who have a cervix. Pap smears should begin with the onset of sexual activity and should be repeated at least every 3 years (see Clinical Intervention). There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against an upper age limit for Pap testing, but recommendations can be made on other grounds to discontinue regular testing after age 65 in women who have had regular previous screenings in which the smears have been consistently normal. There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against routine screening with cervicography or colposcopy, or for screening for human papilloma virus infection, although recommendations against such screening can be made on other grounds (see Clinical Intervention). Burden of Suffering Accuracy of Screening Tests The principal screening test for cervical cancer is the Pap smear. Although the Pap smear can sometimes detect endometrial, vaginal, and other cancers,3,4 its use as a screening test is intended for the early detection of cervical dysplasia and cancer. Other proposed cervical screening tests include cervicography, colposcopy, and testing for HPV infection. The role of pelvic examination, which usually accompanies the collection of the cervical specimen, is discussed in Chapter 14 in relation to ovarian cancer screening.

78. NCCC Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Information Information from the National cervical cancer Coalition about cancer treatment and vaccine trials. http://www.nccc-online.org/hpv.htm

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) This area provides important information regarding Human Papillomavirus (HPV) , including some of the latest cancer trials and information on upcoming vaccines. Please choose an area of interest from the menu on the right. Click here for Additional Information on HPV HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV): A virus that is the cause of warts of the hands and feet, as well as lesions of the mucous membranes of the oral, anal and genital cavities. More than 50 types of HPV have been identified, some of which are associated with cancerous and precancerous conditions. The virus can be transmitted through sexual contact and is a precursor to cancer of the cervix. There is no specific cure for an HPV infection, but the virus often can be controlled by podophyllin (medicine derived from the roots of the plant Podophyllum peltatum) or interferon, and the warts can be removed by cryosurgery, laser treatment or conventional surgery. SOme sicientitsts believe HPV can "clear" out of the body. top CDC Report to Congress, Prevention of HPV and cervical cancer, July 2004

79. Cervical Cancer Center: Cervical Cancer Treatment At Cancer Treatment Centers Of cervical cancer treatment hospitals for patients who believe in conventionaltreatments along with alternative care and medicine. http://www.cancercenter.com/cervical-cancer.cfm

About Us Cancers We Treat Treatments Offered Hospital Locations ... Advanced Search Cervical Cancer Center Overview Conventional Treatments Surgical Oncology Cavitron Ultrasonic Surgical Aspiration ... Detection Tools Quick Links CTCA News Employment Seminars Survivors ... Cancer Treatment Cervical Cancer Center Overview To Learn More About This Topic: Chat with Us Email Us Scientists believe that some abnormal changes in cells on the cervix are the first step in a series of slow changes that can lead to cancer years later. Pre-cancerous changes of the cervix usually do not cause pain. In fact, they generally do not cause any symptoms and are not detected unless a woman has a pelvic exam and a Pap test. About 15,000 women each year learn they have cervical cancer, or cancer of the cervix (the lower, narrower portion of the uterus.) It is important to know that cancer of the cervix is different from cancer that begins in other parts of the uterus, and requires different treatment. Socioeconomic status is a significant risk factor for cervical cancer, since a lack of access to medical care often eliminates the opportunity for early diagnosis by Pap smear screening. Smoking, a high number of sexual partners, and early age of first intercourse are other risk factors. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) and HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infections are also associated risks for cervical cancer. Fortunately, pre-cancerous conditions of the cervix can be detected and treated through regular pelvic exams and Pap tests (also called a Pap smear, this simple procedure enables doctors to look at cells from the cervix and identify cancerous or pre-cancerous cells). Regular, professional gynecological examinations remain the most effective way to prevent invasive cervical cancer.

80. MerckSource - Pap Smear Learn about the papanicolaou test, a test conducted for cervical cancer. Includes how it is performed and how to prepare for it. http://www.mercksource.com/pp/us/cns/cns_health_library_frame.jspzQzpgzEz/pp/us/

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