1. Cat-Scratch Disease Features cause, symptoms, complications, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. http://www.astdhpphe.org/infect/Catscratch.html

Cat-Scratch Disease Cat-scratch disease is a bacterial disease that results from a scratch or bite by a cat. Persons with cat-scratch disease can have a range of illnesses from mild to severe. Cat-scratch disease usually causes swollen lymph glands near the site of the scratch or bite. Most people get better on their own in about 3 weeks. To prevent cat-scratch disease, avoid provoking cats and kittens. Thorough cleaning of cat scratches and bites might also help. What is cat-scratch disease? Cat-scratch disease is an infectious disease that results from a scratch or bite by a cat. Persons with cat-scratch disease can have a range of illnesses from mild to severe. What is the infectious agent that causes cat-scratch disease? Cat-scratch disease is caused by Bartonella henselae , a bacterium. Where is cat-scratch disease found? The bacterium that causes cat-scratch disease is found in all parts of the world. The bacterium is carried by cats and kittens. Infected animals do not become sick. How is cat-scratch disease spread?

2. Cat Scratch Disease Diagnosis And Management Cat scratch disease Diagnosis and management. Infectious Diseases and Immunization Committee, Canadian Paediatric Society (CPS) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

3. Cat-Scratch Disease Research article on Bartonella infections. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol1no1/regnery.htm

EID Volume 1 * Number 1 January-March 1995 Synopsis Unraveling Mysteries Associated with Cat-Scratch Disease, Bacillary Angiomatosis, and Related Syndromes Russell Regnery, Ph.D., and Jordan Tappero, M.D. National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Download Article The search for the infectious agents responsible for cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and related syndromes has a long and often circuitous history. Recognition of the etiologic agents and a new understanding of the fundamental features of the epidemiology and natural history of modern day Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea)-associated diseases culminate a multipartite story that combines clinical medicine, traditional microbiology, and novel technological approaches to solve a long-standing enigma. The quest for the etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD) has frequently been described as a mystery . Indeed, the search has many qualities of a mystery novel; the pursuit has spanned several decades and recently taken several unexpected turns. During this period of important discovery, major microbial suspects have undergone name changes, novel microbial culprits have been introduced, new groups of affected patients have been recognized, and yet significant questions remain to be answered. Scientific and medical interest has been high; approximately 900 publications have dealt with CSD since the first good clinical description of the disease in 1950

4. Cat-Scratch Disease Unraveling Mysteries Associated with catscratch disease, Bacillary Angiomatosis, and Related Syndromes http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

5. Cat-Scratch Disease Familydoctor.org Information about catscratch disease from the American Academy of Family Physicians. http://familydoctor.org/024.xml

Advanced Search familydoctor.org Home Healthy Living First Aid Cat-Scratch Disease What is cat-scratch disease, and how do people get it? What are the signs of cat-scratch disease? What tests are needed to diagnose cat-scratch disease? How is cat-scratch disease treated? ... Should cats be treated? Cat-Scratch Disease Printer-friendly version Email this article What is cat-scratch disease, and how do people get it? Cat-scratch disease is an infection caused by bacteria (germs) carried in cat saliva. The bacteria can be passed from a cat to a human. Doctors and researchers think cats may get the bacteria from fleas, although this hasn't been proved. You can get cat-scratch disease from a cat bite or cat scratch. You can get the infection after a cat scratches you if the cat's paws have the bacteria on them. (A cat can get the bacteria on its paws when it licks itself.) With a cat bite, the cat can pass the bacteria to you in its saliva. You can also get the bacteria in your eyes if you pet a cat that has the bacteria on its fur and then rub your eyes. Many people who get cat-scratch disease do not remember being scratched or bitten by a cat. Cat-scratch disease is not a severe illness in people who are healthy. But it can be a problem in people with weak immune systems. People with weak immune systems include those who are receiving chemotherapy for cancer, those who have diabetes or those who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

6. Cat Scratch Fever MANIFESTATIONS. catscratch disease (CSD) Incubation period of 1-2 weeks. Symptoms of classic CSD range from mild to severe. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Cat-Scratch Disease catscratch disease. cat-scratch disease is a bacterial disease that results from a scratch or bite by a cat. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

8. Cat Scratch Cat Scratch Disease. We are trying hard to keep up with all the name changes for the culprit organism of CSD! http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Cat-Scratch Disease Unraveling Mysteries Associated with catscratch disease, The search for theinfectious agents responsible for cat-scratch disease, http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/eid/vol1no1/regnery.htm

EID Volume 1 * Number 1 January-March 1995 Synopsis Unraveling Mysteries Associated with Cat-Scratch Disease, Bacillary Angiomatosis, and Related Syndromes Russell Regnery, Ph.D., and Jordan Tappero, M.D. National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Download Article The search for the infectious agents responsible for cat-scratch disease, bacillary angiomatosis, and related syndromes has a long and often circuitous history. Recognition of the etiologic agents and a new understanding of the fundamental features of the epidemiology and natural history of modern day Bartonella (formerly Rochalimaea)-associated diseases culminate a multipartite story that combines clinical medicine, traditional microbiology, and novel technological approaches to solve a long-standing enigma. The quest for the etiologic agent of cat-scratch disease (CSD) has frequently been described as a mystery . Indeed, the search has many qualities of a mystery novel; the pursuit has spanned several decades and recently taken several unexpected turns. During this period of important discovery, major microbial suspects have undergone name changes, novel microbial culprits have been introduced, new groups of affected patients have been recognized, and yet significant questions remain to be answered. Scientific and medical interest has been high; approximately 900 publications have dealt with CSD since the first good clinical description of the disease in 1950

10. CFA Health Committee - Cat Scratch Disease (CSD) Feline Health Feline Asthma. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cat Scratch Disease. Feline Diabetes. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia Cat Scratch Disease Cat scratch disease Contents of this page Illustrations. Alternative names. Definition. Causes, incidence, and risk factors. Symptoms http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

12. Symptoms Of Cat Scratch Disease - CureResearch.com Symptoms of Cat scratch disease including signs, symptoms, incubation period, duration, and correct diagnosis. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. ABC News Health Tip Risking Cat Scratch Disease Health Tip Risking Cat Scratch Disease http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

14. The Winn Feline Foundation - Cat Scratch Disease A Winn Foundation Health Article On Cat Scratch Disease. Cat Scratch Disease by Susan Little, DVM http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

15. Cat Scratch catscratch disease (CSD) is probably the most common Bartonella infection seenby pediatricians in the US. The true incidence is unknown, but the CDC has http://home.coqui.net/myrna/csd.htm

Cat Scratch Disease DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS It can include virtually all known causes of lymphadenopathy. As a general rule the diagnosis is favored by chronicity, unilateral occurrence, tenderness and characteristic sites of involvement, such as the axillary, epitrochlear and preauricular nodes. Cervical, femoral, inguinal and generalized lymph node involvement is less specific for CSD and necessitates more care in differential diagnosis. The most common diagnoses in a series of patients with adenopathy and negative CSD skin test were pyogenic lymphadenitis or abscess (29), benign of malignant neoplasms (12), and cervical adenitis caused by mycobacteria (10). Tularemia, toxoplasmosis, plague, and Kawasaki disease must be considered because of the need for specific therapy. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS DIAGNOSIS TREATMENT CSD is almost uniformly a self-limiting illness, regardless of antibiotic treatment. For the majority of patients with CSD, management should include conservative symptomatic care and observation. Complete resolution of lymphadenopathy usually occurs after 2 to 6 months. Patients with severe CSD (encephalopathy, neuroretinitis) may have a shortened course and thus benefit from antibiotic therapy, but choice of antibiotics is unclear. Studies by Margileth on 268 patients found that rifampin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS-SMX) appeared to have clinical efficacy in patients with CSD (listed in order of clinical efficacy from greatest to least), but failures also have been reported after treatment with gentamicin and TMS-SMX. In addition, in vitro and in vivo antibiotic susceptibilities to Bartonella species often do not correlate and cannot be used to guide antibiotic recommendations.

16. Cat-Scratch Disease - DrGreene.com Dr. Alan Greene explains the mystery surrounding cat scratch disease, past and present. http://www.drgreene.com/21_821.html

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17. Cat-Scratch Disease What is catscratch disease, and how do people get it? cat-scratch disease is aninfection caused by bacteria (germs) carried in cat saliva. http://jaxmed.com/catscratch.htm

Cat-Scratch Disease by Charles H. Booras, MD What is cat-scratch disease, and how do people get it? Cat-scratch disease is an infection caused by bacteria (germs) carried in cat saliva. The bacteria can be passed from a cat to a human. Cats may get the bacteria from ticks and fleas, although this hasn't been clearly proven yet. Studies in the early 1990's found that the Bartonella henselae bacterium is responsible for the disease. Approximately 38% of household cats tested positive for the bacterium in one study from 1992. You can get cat-scratch disease from a cat bite or cat scratch. You can get the infection after a cat scratches you if the cat's paws have the bacteria on them. A cat can get the bacteria on its paws when it licks itself. Then, when the cat scratches you, the bacteria on the cat's paws and claws may be passed on to you. With a cat bite, the cat can pass the bacteria to you in its saliva. You can also get the bacteria in your eyes if you pet a cat that has the bacteria on its fur and then rub your eye with the hand you used to pet the cat. You are at higher risk if your cat sleeps with you, licks you, or is allowed outdoors. The symptoms of cat-scratch disease develop about six to eight weeks after a cat scratch, bite, or other direct contact with a cat or it's saliva. Many people who get cat-scratch disease do not ever remember being scratched or bitten by a cat.

18. Ask-A-Doc Answer 5/5/97 Answer We have learned a lot about catscratch disease (CSD) in the past few years . What is cat-scratch disease, and how do people get it? http://jaxmed.com/ask_a_doc/answers/answer5597.htm

Question from: 5/5/97 Answer: We have learned a lot about Cat-scratch disease (CSD) in the past few years. I'll break down my response into multiple sections. This topic was recently reviewed in the April 1997 issue of "American Family Physician" . I have derived much of my information from this article since it is so current. What is cat-scratch disease, and how do people get it? Cat-scratch disease is an infection caused by bacteria (germs) carried in cat saliva. The bacteria can be passed from a cat to a human. Cats may get the bacteria from ticks and fleas, although this hasn't been clearly proven yet. Studies in the early 1990's found that the Bartonella henselae bacterium is responsible for the disease. Approximately 38% of household cats tested positive for the bacterium in one study from 1992. You can get cat-scratch disease from a cat bite or cat scratch. You can get the infection after a cat scratches you if the cat's paws have the bacteria on them. A cat can get the bacteria on its paws when it licks itself. Then, when the cat scratches you, the bacteria on the cat's paws and claws may be passed on to you. With a cat bite, the cat can pass the bacteria to you in its saliva. You can also get the bacteria in your eyes if you pet a cat that has the bacteria on its fur and then rub your eye with the hand you used to pet the cat. You are at higher risk if your cat sleeps with you, licks you, or is allowed outdoors. The symptoms of cat-scratch disease develop about six to eight weeks after a cat scratch, bite, or other direct contact with a cat or it's saliva. Many people who get cat-scratch disease do not ever remember being scratched or bitten by a cat.

19. ACP-ASIM Bioterrorism Resource Center: Cat-Scratch Disease catscratch disease is a common, benign condition, most often caused by Bartonella Differential Diagnosis cat-scratch disease can be distinguished from http://www.acponline.org/bioterro/anthrax/cat_scratch.htm

Home Search Site directory Bioterrorism Home Overview Anthrax Smallpox ... FBI/Public Health Offices Cat-Scratch Disease Cat-scratch disease is a common, benign condition, most often caused by Bartonella henselae . It is transmitted by a bite or scratch of a kitten or a cat with fleas or occasionally, that of an other pet. Peak transmission is in the early fall or winter. The condition characteristically affects children and adults younger than 21 years. The vast majority of patients can recall a history of cat contact, but not all. Typically, within 2 to 3 days of inoculation, a papule develops and progresses to a vesicle, which is followed by proximal lymphadenopathy in about two weeks. Rarely, the primary lesion at the site of inoculation is pustular or nodular. In fewer than 6% of patients, the primary lesion is followed by a generalized macular-papular and morbilliform eruption. The involved lymph nodes are tender, often with overlying erythema; occasionally they can suppurate. The lymphadenopathy subsides spontaneously after several months. The diagnosis of cat-scratch disease is primarily clinical. Differential Diagnosis: Cat-scratch disease can be distinguished from cutaneous anthrax in the following manner.

20. Cat-scratch Disease CHC Wausau Hospital s Medical Library and Patient Education Center providesresearch services and healthcare information to physicians, http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00041730.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Causes ... Resources Cat-scratch disease Definition Cat-scratch disease is an uncommon infection that typically results from a cat's scratch or bite. Most sufferers experience only moderate discomfort and find that their symptoms clear up without any lasting harm after a few weeks or months. Professional medical treatment is rarely needed. Description Cat-scratch disease (also called cat-scratch fever) is caused by the Bartonella henselae bacterium, which is found in cats around the world and is transmitted from cat to cat by fleas. Researchers have discovered that large numbers of North American cats carry antibodies for the disease (meaning that the cats have been infected at some point in their lives). Some parts of North America have much higher rates of cat infection than others, however. Bartonella henselae is uncommon or absent in cold climates, which fleas have difficulty tolerating, but prevalent in warm, humid places such as Memphis, Tennessee, where antibodies were found in 71% of the cats tested. The bacterium, which remains in a cat's bloodstream for several months after infection, seems to be harmless to most cats, and normally an infected cat will not display any symptoms. Kittens (cats less than one year old) are more likely than adult cats to be carrying the infection. Bartonella henselae can infect people who are scratched or (more rarely) bitten or licked by a cat. It cannot be passed from person to person. Although cats are popular pets found in about 30% of American households, human infection appears to be rare. One study estimated that for every 100,000 Americans there are only 2.5 cases of cat-scratch disease each year(2.5/100,000). It is also unusual for more than one family member to become ill; a Florida investigation discovered multiple cases in only 3.5% of the families studied. Children and teenagers appear to be the most likely victims of cat-scratch disease, although the possibility exists that the disease may be more common among adults than previously thought.

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