101. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy On the basis of these findings, a focal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was suspected, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by inappropriate http://www.med.harvard.edu/JPNM/TF99_00/June13/WriteUp.html

Joint Program in Nuclear Medicine Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy David A. Israel, MD PhD Finn Mannting, MD PhD June 13, 2000 Presentation A 42 year-old man presented with ECG abnormalities at rest. A stress test was requested. Imaging Findings Myocardial SPECT perfusion imaging was performed with Tc-99m tetrofosmin using a stress/rest protocol. Stress imaging was performed following treadmill exercise. The patient was exercised for 14:00 minutes of a standard Bruce protocol, and reached a peak heart rate of 169 BPM (95% MPHR) without symptoms. Systolic pressure rose from 115 to 150 mm Hg. The ST-T wave abnormalities which were present at rest normalized with stress. Short axis vertical long axis , and horizontal long axis tomographic views were analyzed. Gated images (not presented) were analyzed for wall motion and ejection fraction. The rest images show high tracer uptake in apex, the apical third of the inferior wall and septum. During stress there appears to be relative hypoperfusion to this portion of the myocardium except for the septum. The gated SPECT revealed mildly increased LV volume and normal global systolic LV function with an ejection fraction of 63%. There was mild apical hypokinesis. On the basis of these findings, a focal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was suspected, and subsequently demonstrated by echocardiography. Discussion Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by inappropriate myocardial hypertrophy which occurs in the absence of an obvious hemodynamic load such as aortic stenosis or systemic hypertension. There are several distinct variants of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; for example, a subset of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have a pressure gradient in the left ventricular outflow tract, a variant which in the past has been called idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS).

102. InteliHealth: Diseases Of The Heart Muscle cardiomyopathy refers to changes in the heart muscle that prevent part or There are three types of cardiomyopathy, based on the physical changes that http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/8059/11162/213081.html?d=dmtHealth

103. Pets Health Dilated cardiomyopathy is a disease of the ventricular muscle, Most cats probably had secondary cardiomyopathy as a result of taurine deficiency. http://www.cah.com/dr_library/cardiac.html

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104. The Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program At St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center The Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Program of St. Luke sRoosevelt Hospital Center, NYC. HCM is a complex cardiac disease marked by thickening of the heart http://www.hcmny.org/

105. Topics Of Interest > Feline Cardiomyopathy The most common cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) in cats is hypertrophic Restrictive cardiomyopathy is another type of heart muscle disease. http://www.southpaws.com/topics/feline-dcm.html

SouthPaws Veterinary Referral Center 6136 Brandon Avenue Springfield, Virginia 22150 Tel: (703) 569-0300 Fax: (703) 866-4962 Feline Cardiomyopathy The most common cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease) in cats is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This form has many variations and is defined by thickening of the primary heart muscle, the left ventricle. Depending on the specific variation, the problem can be primarily in the blood flowing out of or into the cat's heart. This differentiation using echocardiographic and other examination findings helps determine which medications your cat requires. With appropriate medication and early intervention, we can frequently achieve stabilization of the disease and sometimes reversal of the problems. A genetic predisposition to develop hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been found in Maine Coon and American shorthair cats with a suspected genetic predisposition in ragdolls and Persians. The 1 to 4 year age group of cats has a tendency toward more aggressive disease. Male cats are also over represented. A common secondary change in cats with cardiomyopathy is enlargement of the left atrium. This finding is particularly worrisome in cats because they are susceptible to blood clot formation. If your cat has an enlarged left atrium, we may prescribe aspirin therapy (children's aspirin twice weekly is safe in cats) or other medication to try to delay or prevent blood clot formation. Unfortunately, the development of a blood clot is unpredictable and can occur on any medication. Blood clot formation can result in a cat being paralyzed in the rear legs, limping on a front leg, exhibiting episodes of abnormal behavior, or even sudden death.

106. Topics Of Interest > Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle which causes the The occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy increases with age and typically http://www.southpaws.com/topics/canine-dcm.html

SouthPaws Veterinary Referral Center 6136 Brandon Avenue Springfield, Virginia 22150 Tel: (703) 569-0300 Fax: (703) 866-4962 Canine Dilated Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a disease of the heart muscle which causes the heart to enlarge and not function properly. The disease usually afflicts larger breeds of dogs such as the Doberman pinscher, Scottish deerhound, boxer, Newfoundland, golden retriever, Labrador retriever, and the Irish wolfhound. However, it can also affect both the English and American cocker spaniel and rarely, other small breeds of dogs. The occurrence of dilated cardiomyopathy increases with age and typically has an age of onset between 4 and 10 years. The cause of DCM in dogs is still unknown; however, many factors suggest a genetic cause. Dilated cardiomyopathy usually affects both the left and right sides of the heart with either side being more severely affected. Typically, both the ventricle (lower chamber) and the atria (upper chamber) enlarge and the ventricle loses its ability to contract and pump blood out to the body or the lungs. The consequence of the heart failing in its ability to pump blood can be compared to a simple mechanical pump. If the sump pump in your basement fails, water backs up into the basement; if the left heart fails, fluid backs up into the lungs and if the right heart fails, fluid backs up in the abdomen or space surrounding the lungs.

107. Cardiomyopathy In Cats ~ Pawprints And Purrs, Inc. cardiomyopathy means disease of the heart muscle. More specifically, it is a disease of the heart muscle in which either the heart walls thicken greatly http://www.sniksnak.com/cathealth/cardio.html

HOME Mission Donate Table of Contents ... Wealth of Resources Pawprints and Purrs, Inc. Cat Health Care Information by Condition or Disease A Non-Profit 501(c)(3) Organization All donations are tax deductible Any health care links located here are NOT to replace a veterinarian visit; please take your cat to a vet immediately at any sign of odd behavior or any symptoms of illness or injury. Call your vet and describe your cat's symptoms with any of your concerns about the cat's well-being. Your veterinarian may discover changes in your cat's health that you have overlooked. It is always better to err on the side of caution. Cardiomyopathy in Cats What is cardiomyopathy? Literally, the term "cardiomyopathy" means disease of the heart muscle. More specifically, cardiomyopathy (CM) is a disease of the heart muscle in which either the heart walls thicken greatly ( hypertrophic and restrictive forms) or stretch greatly (dilated form). In either form, the heart's function is significantly compromised and leads to an eventual state of heart failure. What causes cardiomyopathy?

108. HCMAC-HEART . CA THE HYPERTROPHIC cardiomyopathy ASSOCIATION OF CANADA . - Made in Canada THE CANADIAN WEB SITE ON cardiomyopathy Made in Canada - http://hcmac-heart.ca/

HCMAC-HEART . CA - THE HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY ASSOCIATION OF CANADA - THE CANADIAN WEB SITE ON CARDIOMYOPATHY - WELCOME - - THIS SITE IS DEDICATED TO THOSE AFFLICTED WITH CARDIOMYOPATHY - This site was created and authored by Webmaster J-P Doiron, a heart patient who himself is afflicted by HCM with obstruction for many years. Throughout the years he has undergone all possible tests, procedures and eventually, surgery to control and reduce many of the symptoms. In his search for information on this medical condition, JP has put together this site for all heart patients with the hope of facilitating their search for information. The information and links presented on this site are from accredited medical sources. This site primarily focuses on the subject of Cardiomyopathy with an emphasis on Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. We have provided to the viewer references and links to these sources. - PLEASE NOTE - The information contained in this web site is not intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice The site is designed to support, not replace the relationship that exists between a patient/Site viewer and their physician. ALWAYS seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Nothing contained in this web site is intended to be for medical diagnosis or treatment.

109. Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Surgery is not yet an option for any form of cardiomyopathy. This section is confined to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy since it it’s the most common http://maxshouse.com/hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy.htm

Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy This section is dedicated to the loving memory Mickey, the Perfect Cat Cardiomyopathy is the name applied to an abnormality of heart muscle function. The heart's pumping ability is diminished, resulting in such signs as inability to exercise, fatigue, fainting, fluid collection in the lungs, abdomen, and limbs, or emboli (clots that arise in the heart and travel to the kidney, brain, or legs). Although some cats with cardiornyopathy do not develop clinical signs, others experience rapid progression of their disease or sudden death. The causes of cardiomyopathy include genetic predisposition, infections, toxic causes (drugs and chemical compounds), specific dietary insufficiencies, and unknown causes. Whereas some cases are entirely reversible, others are not and are treated with various levels of success. Three major forms of cardiomyopathies occur in the canine and feline species. In dilated cardiomyopathy the heart muscle is weak and flaccid (floppy). This condition is associated with a reduction in heart muscle function during contraction (systole) and a decrease in forward flow of blood. Subsequent upper heart chamber (left atrial) enlargement is associated with backup of blood and then fluid into the lungs (pulmonary edema). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a thickening of the lower heart muscle chambers (ventricles). The results are inappropriate heart function, obstruction of blood flow from the heart into the circulation, and enlargement of the upper heart chambers (atria). This abnormality is called diastolic dysfunction a condition -in which the heart fails to relax fully, fill, and then empty. The resulting backup of pressures into the lung is responsible for the clinical signs of respiratory distress. coughing, and systemic emboli (blood clots).

110. Cardiomyopathy & Homeopathy Quick introduction to homeopathy all about what it is and how to use homeopathy for best effect. About like cures like, treating the whole person and http://www.abchomeopathy.com/c.php/29

Homeopathy Conditions - C CF ... Cystitis Homeopathy - Cardiomyopathy (User entered condition) Alternative Names: Hypertropic Cardiomyopathy, IHSS, Idiopathic Hypertropic Subaortic Stenosis, Hypertensive Hypertropic Cardiomyopathy Homeopathic remedies are prescribed by symptoms rather than conditions, as each case of a particular illness can manifest differently in different people. However, to make it quicker to find the symptoms related to Cardiomyopathy, the symptoms experienced by a previous vistor to our homeopathic remedy finder have been grouped, by them, under the name of Cardiomyopathy. There may be symptoms not related to Cardiomyopathy, and this may not be an exhaustive list of symptoms. Cardiomyopathy For suggestions of homeopathic remedies for Cardiomyopathy, tick the boxes below and press the Find Remedies button at the bottom of the screen. On the next screen, you should enter any other symptoms in the search box. vertigo, dizziness;

111. HEART Committee An open letter to all PWD Owners. The Portuguese Water Dog Club of America, Inc. JUVENILE DILATED cardiomyopathy. Dear Portuguese Water Dog Owner, http://www.pwdca.org/New_Health/heart.htm

Pawtraits Committee Name: Heart Committee Co-Chairs: Carol Mattingley and Maryanne Murray Members: Carolyn Iraggi Dr. Erin Mayfield , and Dr. Richard Lowy Health Condition The PWDCA HEART Committee is concerned with any health condition involving the heart and circulatory system of PWD’s. Heart murmurs, congestive heart failure, Tetralogy of Fallot, and Pulmonic Stenosis are among the conditions reported to the committee. Currently the most critical issue facing Portuguese Water Dogs is Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy, JDCM. This is a recessively inherited disease which causes sudden death in puppies between the ages of five  weeks and seven months. At this time, there is no cure and no way to determine if a puppy will be affected with the disease. The only way for breeders to prevent producing affected puppies is to avoid breeding carriers of the gene. The only way to know who the carriers are is for owners and breeders to come forward with the names of dogs who have produced puppies who have died of the disease. Action Taken By The PWDCA: The PWDCA is fortunate to have the financial assistance of the Portuguese Water Dog Foundation in supporting research projects dealing with JDCM. Drs. Meg Sleeper and Paula Henthorn at the

112. Cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy is a weakening of the heart muscle or a change in heart muscle structure. It is often associated with inadequate heart pumping or other heart http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/001105.html

113. Dilated Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy is a group of disorders in which the heart muscle is weakened and cannot pump blood efficiently. Decreased heart function affects the http://www.healthscout.com/ency/1/000168.html

114. ► Restrictive Cardiomyopathy A medical encycopedia article on the topic Restrictive cardiomyopathy. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000189.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Z Maryland Medical Center Programs Maryland Heart Center Home Medical Reference Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Restrictive cardiomyopathy Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: "Restrictive cardiomyopathy" referes to a group of disorders in which the heart chambers are unable to fill properly with blood because of stiffness of the heart. In restrictive cardiomyopathy, the heart is normal in size or only slightly enlarged, but it cannot relax normally during diastole (that is, the time between heartbeats in which the blood returns from the body to the heart). Later in the disease, the heart may not pump blood efficiently. The abnormal heart function can affect the lungs, liver, and other body systems. Restrictive cardiomyopathy may affect either or both ventricles and may or may not be associated with a disease of the heart muscle Alternative Names: Cardiomyopathy - restrictive; Infiltrative cardiomyopathy Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

115. Cardiomyopathy Overview of cardiomyopathy. cardiomyopathy Congenital Heart Defects Heart Attack Heart Failure Mitral Valve Prolapse Heart Murmurs http://www.umm.edu/cardiac/cardiomy.htm

Heart Information Coronary Heart Disease... Stroke / Brain Attack... Cardiac Conditions... ... Section Index Related Resources Within UMM Maryland Heart Center Heart Information Cardiomyopathy FOR MORE INFORMATION Maryland Heart Center The University of Maryland Heart Center is a regional referral center for the most difficult cardiac cases. What is cardiomyopathy? Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, in which the heart loses its ability to pump blood and, in some instances, heart rhythm is disturbed, leading to irregular heartbeats, or arrhythmias. There may be multiple causes of cardiomyopathy, including viral infections. Sometimes the exact cause of the muscle disease is never found. How does cardiomyopathy differ from many other heart disorders? In several ways cadiomyopathy: is fairly uncommon, affecting only about 50,000 Americans. is a leading cause for heart transplantation often occurs in the young. Â tends to be progressive and sometimes worsens fairly quickly. Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy is due to specific causes, and is often associated with diseases involving other organs as well as the heart.

116. Cardiomyopathy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Ischemic cardiomyopathy is weakness in the muscle of the heart due to coronary Individuals with ischemic cardiomyopathy typically have a history of http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiomyopathy

Wikimedia needs your help in the final day of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$240,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Cardiomyopathy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Cardiomyopathy is the deterioration of the cardiac muscle of the heart wall. Cardiomyopathies can generally be categorized into two groups: ischemic cardiomyopathy and nonischemic cardiomyopathy Ischemic cardiomyopathy is weakness in the muscle of the heart due to coronary artery disease . Individuals with ischemic cardiomyopathy typically have a history of myocardial infarction (heart attack). Nonischemic cardiomyopathy is weakness in the muscle of the heart that is not due to coronary artery disease. To make a diagnosis of nonischemic cardiomyopathy, significant coronary artery disease should be ruled out. The term nonischemic cardiomyopathy does not describe the etiology of weakened heart muscle. The nonischemic cardiomyopathies are a mixed-bag of disease states, each with their own causes. Nonischemic cardiomyopathy has a number of causes including drug and alcohol toxicity, certain

117. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy The Cleveland Clinic Disease Management Project covers various diseases from their diagnosis to treatment options. This chapter, written by Michael S. Chen, http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/diseasemanagement/cardiology/hypertrophic/hy

Reviewed May 28, 2003 Michael S. Chen, MD Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Harry M. Lever, MD Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Print Chapter The Cleveland Clinic Foundation DEFINITION Definition Prevalence Pathophysiology Signs and ... References National Guidelines ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices Related Information LIVE CME 6th Annual Intensive Review of Cardiology Cardiology for the Clinician The Atrial Fibrillation Summit Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has classically been defined as hypertrophy of the myocardium greater than 1.5 cm without an identifiable cause (Figures 1 and 2) . Other etiologies of left ventricular hypertrophy, such as long-standing hypertension and aortic stenosis , need to be excluded before one can diagnose HCM. The term recommended by the World Health Organization for the disease is HCM. It is also known as muscular subaortic stenosis (MSS), hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), and idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS). As our understanding of the genetics of HCM progresses, HCM will likely be diagnosed in the near future based on genetic testing, with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) used to assess the phenotypic manifestations and clinical severity of the disease.

118. Congestive Heart Failure And Cardiomyopathy: Online Reference For Health Concern Congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy symptom, causes, diagnosis, medication, treatment and prevention information. http://www.lef.org/protocols/prtcl-037.shtml

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119. Franklin OM, Burch M. Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Childhood. Images Paediatr Cardi cardiomyopathy, congestive, Myocarditis/diagnosis, Heart transplantation Dilated cardiomyopathy is an uncommon disease in children but morbidity and http://www.health.gov.mt/impaedcard/issue/issue2/0310/0310.htm

Invited article Franklin OM*, Burch M**. Dilated cardiomyopathy in childhood. Images Paediatr Cardiol 2000;2:3-10 Specialist Registrar in paediatric cardiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK MeSH Cardiomyopathy, congestive Myocarditis/diagnosis Heart transplantation Prognosis Abstract Dilated Cardiomyopathy is an uncommon disease in children but morbidity and mortality in affected patients are high. This review discuses clinical presentation, diagnosis, medical management and prognosis of the condition, with an emphasis on recent advances that have influenced management of these children. Article Presentation and investigation dilated cardiomyopathy At the time of presentation the child with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is usually in symptomatic cardiac failure, and at initial assessment, it is important to differenciate this condition from bronchiolitis. The chest x-ray features of increased cardiothoracic ratio, with evidence of lateral bronchial displacement due to left atrial enlargement and pulmonary plethora in association with hepatomegaly, raises clinical suspicion of the diagnosis (figure 1). Figure 1: Chest x-ray in a child with dilated cardiomyopathy Echocardiography is confirmatory showing dilatation of cardiac chambers, with or without mitral regurgitation (figure 2), and reduced ventricular function on M Mode analysis. It is very important to exclude mural thrombus on echocardiogram as its presence requires urgent treatment.

120. Doberman Dilated Cardiomyopathy Dobermans are affected with dilated cardiomyopathy more than all other breeds combined. Once occult dilated cardiomyopathy is diagnosed, what do we do? http://www.dpfa.org/dcm.html

Dilated Cardiomyopathy What Can Be Done Now? It now appears that we have a reasonably easy way to identify a significant number of dogs that fall into the "occult” category. This is primarily a result of work completed by Michael O’Grady, DVM, MS, ACVIM (Cardiology), at the Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph. Dr. O'Grady is reporting: 1. Dobermans, free of heart disease, have hearts that are normally weaker than those of other dogs. 2. Dobermans are affected with dilated cardiomyopathy more than all other breeds combined. 3. At least 28% of all apparently normal Dobermans will develop DCM. 4. Both males and females appear to be equally affected. 5. Dobermans that appear to be healthy but demonstrate even ONE premature ventricular contraction (PVC) detected on a routine electrocardiogram (EKG) and cardiac ultrasound results consistent with DCM can be expected to die within 1.5 to 2 years if left untreated. 6. Sudden death (death within 5 minutes of onset of visible symptoms) is the first and only physical sign in 17% of the Dobermans with DCM. 7. There is no cure at this time, but therapeutic measures are possible.

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