101. Digital Termpapers: Term Papers On Bubonic Plague bubonic plague Plague has been known for at least 3000 years. Epidemics have been recorded in China since 224 BC. The di. http://www.digitaltermpapers.com/c7824.htm

Term Papers Count: Home Join Login Sign Out ... Contact for: Bubonic Plague Term Paper Title Bubonic Plague # of Words # of Pages (250 words per page double spaced) Bubonic Plague Plague has been known for at least 3000 years. Epidemics have been recorded in China since 224 BC. The disease occurred in huge pandemics that destroyed the entire populations of cities throughout the Middle Ages; they have occurred sporadically since that time. The last great pandemic began in China in 1894 and spread to Africa, the Pacific islands, Australia, and the Americas, reaching San Francisco in 1900. Plague still occurs in Asia, Africa, South America, and Australia, but rarely appears in the U.S. Two small, well-contained outbreaks occured in India in 1994. In 1950 the World Health Organization initiated sanitation programs for plague control throughout the world. Bubonic plague is an acute infection in humans and various species of rodents, caused by Yersinia pestis (formerly called Pasteurella pestis), a bacterium trans- mitted by fleas that have fed on the blood of infected rodents, usually rats. The

102. Bubonic Plague The bubonic plague originated in India in (year). Victims of bubonic plague usually suffer from high fevers and swellings under the armpits or in the http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC030397/bubonic_plague.htm

Homepage Stars of the Time Famous Events About Us ... Resources The Bubonic Plague Plague is a bacterial infection that can take more than one form

103. Bubonic Plague - St. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor Michigan bubonic plague St. Joseph Mercy Health System Hospitals serving Ann Arbor, SE Michigan, Washtenaw County, Livingston County, Wayne County, Oakland County, http://www.sjmercyhealth.org/12839.cfm

@import url(default.css); Online Health Information Health Information - Rare Diseases and Disorders Back to Health Library Print This Page Email to a Friend National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. Bubonic Plague Synonyms Disorder Subdivisions General Discussion Resources ... For a Complete Report Important It is possible that the main title of the report Bubonic Plague is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms Black Death Black Plague Glandular Plague Hemorrhagic Plague Pestis Pestis Fulminans Pestis Major Plague Disorder Subdivisions Pestis Minor General Discussion Bubonic Plague is an acute, severe infectious disorder caused by the bacterium (bacillus) Yersinia Pestis. These bacteria can be carried by small wild rodents, other wild animals or even household pets. The disease can be transmitted to humans through the bites of fleas or through direct contact with infected animal tissues. The disorder is most common in Southeast Asia, but it also occurs in some areas of the United States. Major symptoms include an abrupt onset with chills, fever, and enlarged lymph nodes (buboes). Treatment must start immediately to avoid life-threatening complications. A milder form of Bubonic Plague, Pestis Minor, usually resolves in approximately a week with appropriate treatment. Interest in Bubonic Plague has heightened, in recent years, by the awareness of its potential use as an agent of biological warfare.

104. Bubonic Plague And Volcanoes, Avon, Ohio bubonic plague and Volcanoes. Home (Main Menu). The timeline for volcanoes sulfur content of ice core layers. REVIEW of an ARTICLE BY RICHARD STOTHERS http://www.centurytel.net/tjs11/bug/plague1.htm

105. BioTerrorism Emerging Diseases: Bubonic Plague, Symptoms, Epidemic Yersinia pestis bubonic plague biological warfare The typical sign of the most common bubonic form of human plague is a swollen and very tender lymph http://www.zkea.com/archives/archive02005.html

ZKEA Biological Terrorism : Emerging Diseases : Biological Warfare Latest News Disease Outbreak Update Featured Articles Government Reports Background Biological Hiroshima Categories Biological Terrorism Anthrax Botulinum, BT Bubonic Plague ... Health Policy Resources World Health Organization Center for Disease Control FEMA Red Cross ... FBI Syndicated Content CDC RSS Feed WHO RSS Feed News Archives Bubonic Plague Like anthrax plague is zoonotic , found primarily in animals. The normal reservoir for plague is various species of burrowing rodents. Usually fleas transmit the yersinia pestis bacillus between such rodents. However, under the right conditions the fleas can also bite humans, infecting them with plague as well. Thus plague is normally a problem when humans live in close proximity to rodents. Historically, this has meant rats. Slum populations, with poor hygiene, were thus at greatest risk. The typical sign of the most common bubonic form of human plague is a swollen and very tender lymph gland, accompanied by pain. The swollen gland is called a bubo . This is usually accompanied by fevers, chills and extreme exhaustion. Natural plague has not evolved significant resistance to antibiotics, and thus remains treatable in most cases.

106. 網上讀書室 / LibTalk : Plagues And Bubonic Plague In particular, we will look at information on bubonic plague. bubonic plague is transmitted by fleas (carried by rats and other rodents) and has an http://library.ust.hk/info/libtalk/16-plagues.html

HKUST LIBRARY Exhibits / Colloquia / News 網上讀書室 / LibTalk No. 16 24 February 2004 http:// library.ust.hk/info/libtalk/ Plagues and the Bubonic Plague After the SARS outbreak last year, and with the current Bird Flu outbreak, we are more aware of epidemic diseases than ever before. Considering this, today’s LibTalk will point out two books and a video about how epidemic diseases (sometimes called plagues) have changed human history and culture. In particular, we will look at information on Bubonic Plague. Plagues and Peoples (RA649 .M3 1994) was written by William H. McNeil. In this remarkable work, (first published in 1976), he traces the dramatic effect different parasites and diseases have had on civilizations across the world. McNeill’s basic premise is that human populations, especially after the invention of agriculture, have balanced precariously under the burden of micro-parasites (insects, worms, bacteria, viruses, etc.) and macro-parasites (landlords, warlords, kings, priesthoods, etc.). If large numbers of people fall ill or die from the effects of micro-parasites, then the macro-parasites have less to feed on. This causes kin

107. The Jazz Butcher Conspiracy : Lyrics : Do The Bubonic Plague bubonic plague (SOMETHING) One more thing to worry about Where d you get it? bubonic plague Where d where d where d where d you get it? bubonic plague http://www.jazzbutcher.com/htdb/lyrics/bubonic_plague.html

in the press audio/video lyrics discography ... Pat's links 2,159 viewings Recent Updates: gigs/2004/Aug6 gigs/2000/Jun1.. gigs/2000/Jun1.. audio ... press/2002_apo.. Someone's Seen: homepage feedback homepage homepage ... homepage New Comments: gigs/2005/Mar2 gigs/2005 gigs/2005/Sep2 gigs/2005/Aug5 ... gigs/2005/Jul1 Popular Pages: feedback homepage lyrics albums ... audio Offsite Links: Sumosonic Max Eider roir-usa.com vinyljapan.com ... Lyrics Do The Bubonic Plague Found On New Invention Big Planet, Scarey Planet One more thing to worry about: bubonic plague One more thing to worry about Bubonic plague Bubonic plague Bubonic plague A West Texas hunter Meanwhile there's a potential killer or killers at large A West Texas hunter contracted bubonic plague from an infected rabbit he shot Bubonic plague (SOMETHING) One more thing to worry about Swelling in the groins and armpits Have your father see a doctor Swellings in the groins and armpits Have your father see a doctor These filthy things These these these filthy things There is no excuse for it Bubonic plague Where'd you get it?

108. Medieval Black Death Not Bubonic Plague The Black Death of the 1300s was probably not the modern disease known as bubonic plague, according to a team of anthropologists studying on these 14th http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2002-04/ps-mbd041102.php

Public release date: 12-Apr-2002 E-mail Article Contact: A'ndrea Elyse Messer aem1@psu.edu Penn State Medieval black death not bubonic plague The Black Death of the 1300s was probably not the modern disease known as bubonic plague, according to a team of anthropologists studying on these 14th century epidemics. “Although on the surface, seem to have been similar, we are not convinced that the epidemic in the 14th century and the present day bubonic plague are the same,” says Dr. James Wood, professor of anthropology and demography at Penn State. “Old descriptions of disease symptoms are usually too non-specific to be a reliable basis for diagnosis.” The researchers note that it was the symptom of lymphatic swelling that led 19th century bacteriologists to identify the 14th century epidemic as bubonic plague. “The symptoms of the Black Death included high fevers, fetid breath, coughing, vomiting of blood and foul body odor,” says Rebecca Ferrell, graduate student in anthropology. “Other symptoms were red bruising or hemorrhaging of skin and swollen lymph nodes. Many of these symptoms do appear in bubonic plague, but they can appear in many other diseases as well.” The researchers, who also include Sharon DeWitt-Avina, Penn State graduate student in anthropology, Stephen Matthews and Mark Shriver, both professors in the Population Research Institute at Penn State, and Darryl Holman, assistant professor of anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, are investigating church records and other documents from England to reconstruct the virulence, spacial diffusion and temporal dynamics of the Black Death.

109. Bubonic Plague --  Britannica Student Encyclopedia bubonic plague Caused by the rodshaped bacterium scinm ty = moneran Yersinia pestis /scinm (sometimes categorized as scinm ty = moneran Pasteurella http://www.britannica.com/ebi/article-9273382

Home Browse Newsletters Store ... Subscribe Already a member? Log in This Article's Table of Contents bubonic plague Print this Table of Contents Shopping Price: USD $1495 Revised, updated, and still unrivaled. The Official Scrabble Players Dictionary (Hardcover) Price: USD $15.95 The Scrabble player's bible on sale! Save 30%. Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary Price: USD $19.95 Save big on America's best-selling dictionary. Discounted 38%! More Britannica products bubonic plague  Student Encyclopedia Article Page 1 of 1 Caused by the rod-shaped bacterium Yersinia pestis (sometimes categorized as Pasteurella pestis ), bubonic plague is an acute and severe infection that occurs mainly in wild rodents, such as rats or squirrels. Two other forms of plague are also caused by Y. pestis bubonic plague... (75 of 571 words) var mm = [["Jan.","January"],["Feb.","February"],["Mar.","March"],["Apr.","April"],["May","May"],["June","June"],["July","July"],["Aug.","August"],["Sept.","September"],["Oct.","October"],["Nov.","November"],["Dec.","December"]]; To cite this page: MLA style: "bubonic plague."

110. Bubonic Plague :: Mike Little’s Journalized bubonic plague Mike Little s Journalized The random thoughts of Mike Little. http://zed1.com/journalized/archives/2002/11/09/bubonic-plague/

@import url( http://zed1.com/journalized/wp-content/themes/journalized/style.css ); http://www.makepovertyhistory.org A collection of random thoughts and links. Nothing too exciting. ;-) Mike Little [powered by WordPress Saturday, 9 November 2002 Bubonic Plague by mike @ 15:18:30. Filed under General Story from Yahoo! news Link from memigo link The URI to TrackBack this entry is: http://zed1.com/journalized/archives/2002/11/09/bubonic-plague/trackback/ alastair jones Says: January 25th, 2004 at 10:02:57 I thought that a case of the bubonic plaugue had been reported in the desert in Mexico in the last few months and a study of rats in that area was to turn out that rats where indeed carrying the deadly disease ? Am i incorrect ? your thoughts, please e-mail me Leave a Reply Please note: Comment moderation is currently enabled so there will be a delay no need to re-submit your comment. Name (required) Mail (will not be published) (required) Website New Tables at the Samsi Saturday [powered by WordPress counter: n.

111. The Bubonic Plague A look at the bubonic plague, its causes and its history as it spread throughout England. http://me.essortment.com/bubonicplague_rvdr.htm

The Bubonic plague A look at the bubonic plague, its causes and its history as it spread throughout England. It is the year of Our Lord 1346, and trade is abundant in the wealthy ports of Europe. Merchant ships sail between Italy and the Orient on a regular basis, exchanging goods and glory, prosperity and ... plague? What foul disease could disturb the general peace of the known world? Originating in the Orient, a plague swept westward and, by the spring of 1348, was rampant in the once-thriving Italian port of Sicily. As the plague, quickly becoming known as the Black Death, spread, people began to become afraid. The stories of travelers had been circulating that disaster had struck the Orient a decade earlier. But Europe, detached from the situation, had simply ignored the possibility of its spread. While no one had been able to say why the plague began in the Orient, stories of its spread westward and its dastardly death toll had began to alarm people. Medieval medicine was a mixture of superstition and religion; because of this, the idea that the Black Death was caused by atmospheric corruption over the Orient kept Europeans calm. Later, excused as punishment on heathens and sinners, the Black Death would be scoffed by Europe as a whole. At the outbreak, many ignored its spread in Europe. However, the plague continued to spread rapidly, and people began to doubt their theories when it descended indiscriminately on heathen and Christian, sinner and saint, alike. As people began to realize that the Black Death, also becoming known as the Black Plague, could be contracted through contact with those already infected, cities, and even entire counties, began mass ostracisms and exiles. Infected individuals were forced to remain locked inside their homes, not even daring to show their faces outside their doors, for fear of exile. Humanitarians in communities, appalled at such treatment of the

112. Planet Ark : Bubonic Plague Kills One In China Planet Ark gives you up to 40 World Environment News stories every day from the Reuters news agency. Nearly 10000 environmental news stories are fully http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/26887/newsDate/02-Sep-2004/st

Subscribe to daily environment news Cartridges 4 Planet Ark Planet Ark Home Our UK Home Page Select a topic from this pull-down menu Read the latest Reuters World Environment News Look at the latest Reuters Environment News Pictures Receive free daily news headlines via email Search the Planet Ark News Archive Find out about National Tree Day Visit the Planet Ark Media Centre Who are Planet Ark? Find out about Planet Ark's campaigns Find out about the local recycling services available in your area Bubonic Plague Kills One in China Mail this story to a friend Printer friendly version CHINA: September 2, 2004 BEIJING - Bubonic plague has killed one person and made another sick in China, the Health Ministry said, appealing for efforts nationwide to prevent further outbreaks. The cases were found earlier this year in China's impoverished west - one in Gansu province's Sunan county and another in Qinghai province's Qilian county, the ministry said on its Web site, www.moh.gov.cn. It did not say specifically when the cases were detected but the outbreak had been brought under control, the Beijing News quoted health officials as saying. The bubonic plague bacterium, carried by rats and fleas, is commonly thought to have been the cause of the Black Death which decimated the population of Europe in the 14th century.

113. Plague (Pneumonic Plague, Bubonic Plague) : Bureau Of Communicable Disease : NYC bubonic plague gets its name from the enlarged and tender lymph glands, bubonic plague is transmitted primarily by the bite from infected fleas; http://www.nyc.gov/html/doh/html/cd/cdpla.shtml

Bureau of Communicable Disease Plague (Pneumonic plague, bubonic plague) What is plague? Plague is a bacterial disease caused by Yersinia pestis . Wild rodents, especially ground squirrels and prairie dogs, are the natural reservoir for plague. Rats, wild rodents, cats, and dogs can become infected with plague and the disease is occasionally transmitted to people by fleas. Who gets plague? Plague is extremely rare in the United States, where the small number of reported cases in recent years have been limited to the Western states. Plague occurs in areas where infection of wild rodents is common, including South America, parts of Africa, and South Asia. Are there different kinds of plague? Yes. Bubonic plague gets its name from the enlarged and tender lymph glands, or nodes (called "buboes" during the 14th century, when the disease ravaged Europe). Pneumonic plague gets its name from its pneumonia-like symptoms. How is plague spread? Bubonic plague is transmitted primarily by the bite from infected fleas; however, transmission can occur by bites or scratches from infected wild rodents and cats, or contact with tissue from infected animals. Pneumonic plague is far more contagious because it is spread through the air by sneezing or coughing. What are the symptoms of plague?

114. CNN.com - Man With Plague Leaves N.Y. Hospital - Feb. 10, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/US/Northeast/02/10/bubonic.plague.nyc.ap/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Man with plague leaves N.Y. hospital Story Tools RELATED CDC: Plague facts John and Lucinda's Web site NEW YORK (AP) A New Mexico man who was hospitalized in New York City for more than three months with bubonic plague left the hospital to fly home on Monday, a spokesman said. John Tull left Beth Israel Medical Center at about 7 a.m., hospital spokesman Mike Quane said. Tull was admitted to Beth Israel on November 5. Tull, whose feet were amputated due to extensive tissue damage, will begin physical therapy in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Quane said. Disease investigators believe Tull and his wife, Lucinda Marker, contracted plague from infected fleas on their Santa Fe, New Mexico, ranch. They became ill after arriving in New York on November 1 for vacation. Marker was released after less than two weeks in the hospital. On a Web site she established to update friends on her husband's progress, Marker posted an update Sunday that described three months filled with "very late night conversations with doctors, sleepless nights, tears of great relief and of sadness." "Love to all and we shall return to this fine city soon," Marker wrote. "Thank you for taking care of us."

115. CNN.com - Professor In Bioterrorism Scare Pleads Innocent - May. 9, 2003 CNN http://cnn.com/2003/EDUCATION/05/09/bubonic.plague.ap/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Professor in bioterrorism scare pleads innocent Story Tools RELATED Scientist in plague vial case set to appear court LUBBOCK, Texas (AP) A noted university professor who is accused of lying about missing vials of plague bacteria in January pleaded innocent Friday to smuggling charges. Texas Tech University researcher Thomas C. Butler, 61, remained free on bond and will no longer be required to wear an electronic monitoring device while he awaits trial. Butler, who is internationally renowned for his plague research, had told the FBI that 30 vials of bubonic plague bacteria were missing from his laboratory, but then, according to court documents, he admitted he had accidentally destroyed them. After further investigation, he was charged with sneaking bacteria into the country, illegally transporting it to labs in Fort Collins, Colorado and Fort Detrick, Maryland, and shipping some samples to Tanzania. He was also accused of lying to federal agents and filing a false income tax return. Butler who had about a dozen supporters in the gallery Friday, declined to comment as he left the federal court building. Under the relaxed restrictions, Butler will be allowed to travel to California to see his son graduate from Stanford University.

116. CNN.com - Newspaper: Texas Tech Professor Carried Plague On Airlines - Feb. 22, CNN http://cnn.com/2003/US/Southwest/02/22/bubonic.plague.ap/index.html

The Web CNN.com Home Page World U.S. Weather ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Newspaper: Texas Tech professor carried plague on airlines Dr. Thomas Butler Story Tools VIDEO CNN's Susan Candiotti reports on the arrest of a Texas Tech scientist who allegedly destroyed vials containing bacteria samples that could cause bubonic plague. (January 16) PLAY VIDEO CNN Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta explains different forms of plague and what causes them. (January 15) PLAY VIDEO RELATED Security to tighten at research labs What is plaque? Antibiotics effective against plague Understanding chemical and biological weapons RESOURCES Criminal complaint: U.S. v. Butler (FindLaw, PDF) LUBBOCK, Texas (AP) The Texas Tech University researcher accused of lying to the FBI about missing vials of plague bacteria repeatedly carried live samples of the germ aboard commercial airliners, a newspaper reported. Thomas Butler's attorney, Floyd Holder, told the Lubbock Avalanche-Journal that the professor imported plague about 60 times over the past 30 years, but said his method of transporting the specimens was "absolutely safe." Holder said he believes federal authorities probably will file additional charges against Butler accusing him of failing to go through proper channels in importing live plague samples. Transporting such biological material requires permits and other documents.

117. The Black Plague The Black plague has moved. Follow this link to www.themiddleages.net/plague.html. Please update all references to this page. This page will automatically http://www.byu.edu/ipt/projects/middleages/LifeTimes/Plague.html

The Black Plague has moved Follow this link to www.themiddleages.net/plague.html Please update all references to this page. This page will automatically forward in ten seconds.

118. CDC Plague Home Page - CDC Division Of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID) Includes symptoms, history, treatment, epidemiology, prevention and control, and scientific literature. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague/

Plague Contents Introduction General Information Fact Sheet Questions and Answers ... CDC World Health Organization Collaborating Center on Plague Information on plague surveillance in Africa: Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response CDC Plague Home Page Male Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea) engorged with blood. This flea is the primary vector of plague in most large plague epidemics in Asia, Africa, and South America. Both male and female fleas can transmit the infection. View enlarged image Introduction: Plague is an infectious disease of animals and humans caused by a bacterium named Yersinia pestis People usually get plague from being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the plague bacterium or by handling an infected animal. Millions of people in Europe died from plague in the Middle Ages, when human homes and places of work were inhabited by flea-infested rats. Today, modern antibiotics are effective against plague, but if an infected person is not treated promptly, the disease is likely to cause illness or death. Risk: References: Campbell GL, Dennis DT. Plague and other

119. The CDC Plague Home Page Has Moved - CDC Division Of Vector-Borne Infectious Dis The CDC plague Home Page has moved. Please update your bookmarks or http//www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague. Division of VectorBorne Infectious Diseases http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plagindex.htm

Plague Contents Introduction General Information Fact Sheet Questions and Answers ... Scientific Literature The CDC Plague Home Page has moved. Please update your bookmarks or links to the new address: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/plague Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Home Search Health Topics A-Z This page last reviewed June 22, 2001 Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases National Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention P.O. Box 2087 Fort Collins, Colorado 80522 Accessibility

120. The Black Death In 1347 AD, a great plague swept over Europe, ravaged cities causing widespread hysteria and death. One third of the population of Europe died. http://www.insecta-inspecta.com/fleas/bdeath/

Table Of Contents The Oriental Rat Flea Transmission The Black Death Path of the Plague ... Back to Insecta Inspecta World The Black Death Culprit: Oriental Rat Flea Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Family: Pulicidae Order: Siphonaptera Genus: Xenopsylla Species: cheopis Dead littered the streets everywhere. Cattle and livestock roamed the country unattended. Brother deserted brother. The Black Death was one of the worst natural disasters in history. In 1347 A.D., a great plague swept over Europe, ravaged cities causing widespread hysteria and death. One third of the population of Europe died. "The impact upon the future of England was greater than upon any other European country." (Cartwright, 1991) The primary culprits in transmitting this disease were oriental rat fleas carried on the back of black rats. Frederick F. Cartwright, DISEASE AND HISTORY, Dorset Press, New York, 1991, p. 42.

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