41. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) And Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease , MAFF/DEFRA (19922001) bovine spongiform encephalopathy in Great Britain http://www.eufic.org/gb/safe/safe05.htm

Homepage Who are we? Archive Links ... Homepage > Newsletter FoodToday Search: Advanced search Glossary FoodToday Articles Reviews and brochures ... Miniguide Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease What is BSE? What causes BSE? How is BSE diagnosed? How is BSE transmitted? ... APPENDIX - EU Country categorisation What is BSE? Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as "mad cow disease", is a fatal brain disease that affects cattle. The disease is named after the characteristic sponge-like changes to the brain that it causes. BSE usually has an incubation period of 4-5 years from the time that the animal is exposed. The condition is fatal within weeks or months of its onset. The first signs are weight loss and nervousness. BSE is one type of a group of prion diseases referred to as Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (TSEs). TSEs are fatal diseases that cause spongy degeneration of the brain and severe neurological symptoms. Another example of a TSE is scrapie, a disease found in sheep and goats. TSEs have also been found in other animals including mink, North American mule deer, elk and cats. TSE's found in humans include Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (CJD) and variant-Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease (vCJD). What causes BSE?

42. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Clinical signs and prevention of BSE, a slowly progressing......Title bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Pub Number MF2434 Alt. TitleBeef http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/lvstk2/samplers/MF2434.asp

Skip the navigation header body Home Viewing Ordering Adobe Access ... Catalog Title: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Pub Number: Alt. Title: Beef Description: Clinical signs and prevention of BSE, a slowly progressing fatal disease affecting the central nervous system of cattle. Authors: Stokka, Gerald L. Van Boening, Jeremy Publication Date: January 2000 Resource Type: text Format: pdf Language: English Download publication: http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/lvstk2/MF2434.pdf (41 kb)

43. MANUAL ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY cover.jpg (49544 bytes), MANUAL ON bovine spongiform encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Other transmissible spongiform http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/003/W8656E/W8656E00.HTM

FAO Animal Health Manual - 2 MANUAL ON BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY John W. Willesmith Epidemiology Department Central Veterinary Laboratory Veterinary Laboratory Agency Surrey, United Kingdom FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 1998 Acknowledgements Contents Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) ... PUBLIC HEALTH BIBLIOGRAPHY Chapter 1 Introduction BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first recognized and defined as a pathological entity in the United Kingdom in November 1986 (Wells et al., 1996). Initial epidemiological investigations and examination of archived brains indicated that the first cases occurred around April 1985. Subsequently, the largest freeborn epidemic of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) occurred which has had severe economic effects and has caused concern for public health. The initial clinical signs of this fatal neurological disease are non-specific, typically involving behavioural changes. As the clinical phase progresses the disease is typified by alterations in mental state and of sensation and ataxia. The majority of affected animals reach the advanced stages within two to three months from the onset, when slaughter on welfare grounds becomes necessary (Wilesmith

44. Contents Introduction to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) 2. Diseases related toBSE 2.1. Scrapie 2.2. Transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) http://www.fao.org/docrep/T0573E/T0573E00.htm

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Table of contents by Richard H. Kimberlin Scrapie and Related Diseases Advisory Service Edinburgh, UK The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. M-27 ISBN 92-5-1031 55-X (c) FAO 1993 Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviations Introduction 1. Introduction to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ... FAO technical papers: FAO animal production and health papers

45. Institute Of Food Science & Technology: BSE/vCJD bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) AND VARIANT CREUTZFELDTJAKOB DISEASE (vCJD)IN HUMANS. The Institute of Food Science Technology, http://www.ifst.org/hottop5.htm

IFST: Current Hot Topics BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) AND VARIANT CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE (vCJD) IN HUMANS Special Note : This updated Information Statement takes account of available data and published research up to September 2004. As with the previous update, in order to accommodate much new material without extending the length, some of the earlier material which has become of historical rather than of current interest has been eliminated or curtailed, but literature references from that period that remain relevant have been retained. Summary Full text of the BSE/vCJD Information Statement. IFST recognises that research is constantly bringing new knowledge. However, collectively the profession is the repository of existing knowledge in its field. It includes researchers expanding the boundaries of knowledge and experts seeking to apply it for the public benefit. Its purposes are to serve the public interest by furthering the application of science and technology to all aspects of the supply of safe, wholesome, nutritious and attractive food, nationally and internationally; to advance the standing of food science and technology, both as a subject and as a profession;

46. Official Mad Cow Disease Home Page bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie, BSE, CJD, CWD, TME, and TSE. Last Updated17 Apr 01 . . a project of the Sperling Biomedical Foundation . http://www.mad-cow.org/

7,651+ articles on mad cow and new variantCreutzfeldt-Jakob disease, prions, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie, BSE, CJD, CWD, TME, and TSE. Last Updated: 17 Apr 01 . . a project of the Sperling Biomedical Foundation . Note: news, policy, commentar, medicine have moved to new site The Official Mad Cow Disease Home Page You are what you eat: now serving number Bovine-CJD: might you already have it? ... Visit charity pages Early warnings: insomnia, memory loss, depression, anxiety, withdrawal, fearfulness) News archives Best links Search site 3D prions ... Science archives NEWS 2001 has moved Apr 17.. Webmaster: the next generation Apr 28.. Global TSE News Mar 24.. Slaughter on suspicion Mar 17.. Second epidemic raging Feb 27.. Canada censors scientists Feb 16.. Diagnostic news Feb 12.. Cosmetics ban on 13 countries Feb 11.. Genetically modified foods Feb 09.. Bogus BSE in Brazil? Jan 30.. Texas cattle quarantined Jan 13.. FDA scolds feed mills Jan 08.. Canadian concerns Jan 03.. FDA issues vaccine alert NEWS 2000... Dec 28..

47. United States ISSN 1052-536X Department Of Agriculture National D27S64 no.9105 bovine spongiform encephalopathy TABLE OF CONTENTS Begins withrecord 005 bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States. http://netvet.wustl.edu/species/cows/srb91-05.txt

^ZUnited States ISSN: 1052-536X Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Library Beltsville Maryland 20705 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY SRB 91-05 Special Reference Briefs Janice C. Swanson Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library Beltsville, Maryland 20705 December 1990 National Agricultural Library Cataloging Record: Swanson, Janice C. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Special reference briefs ; 91-05) 1. Cattle Diseases Bibliography. I. Title. aS21.D27S64 no.91-05 BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY TABLE OF CONTENTS Begins with record # Introduction General and Review Articles ............................. 1 Epidemiology and Diagnoses .............................. 48 Transmission ............................................ 76 Safety and Control ...................................... 83 Toxicity ................................................ 98 Wildlife ................................................101 Genetics ................................................103 Addendum ................................................104 Author Index INTRODUCTION The first observation of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is estimated to have occurred in Great Britain in April of 1985. A specific diagnosis was arrived at in 1986. By June of 1990 there were 14,324 confirmed cases out of an estimated population of 10 million cattle in Great Britain (2, 22, 23, 104). Other cases have been reported in Ireland and Oman in 1989 and 1990, respectively (22, 23, 62, 52). BSE is an afebrile neurological disease that primarily affects mature cattle. Clinical signs include abnormally stilted gaits, high stepping, heightened sensory perception, itching, anorexia, excessive licking, and death. Abnormal motor nerve control coupled with aggressiveness have earned the disease the common name of Mad or Raging Cow Disease. Although all types of cattle are susceptible, most cases have been reported in the Holstein-Fresian breed. The first clinical signs of the disease (onset) has been observed in cattle at an age of 1 year 10 months to 15 years. From onset, the disease course varies from less than 2 weeks to 14 months usually resulting in death or humane destruction within 4 months (2, 9, 20, 22, 23, 31, 37, 69). The causative agent of BSE is not known, however, histopathological studies and clinical signs indicate a strong resemblance to that of scrapie. Brain extracts of suspect cattle have produced disease specific structures known as scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF). SAF are attributed to infectious type agents called prions. Prions are associated with a unique protein found in brain tissue called prion protein (PrP). Because scrapie has been transmissible via filtrates, the disease agent has been thought to be a virus. However, other characteristics of the disease do not readily fit traditional virus concepts (2, 6, 8, 9, 19, 31, 49, 54). In 1979 studies were conducted by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) to attempt experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle. Approximately 30% of the inoculated cattle developed progressive neurological signs of the disease. Upon initial histological examination scrapie could not be confirmed. However, a more recent examination of the same tissues, coupled with new information, have shown PrP structures to be present (2, 79). The incubation period for the disease has also been studied. Mice inoculated with BSE brain homogenates develop neurological signs of the disease 300 to 450 days later, therefore, indicating a prolonged incubation period before onset. In cattle the incubation period has been estimated to be from 2 to 8 years. Although the onset of BSE is observed in mature cattle the prolonged incubation period indicates that exposure can and does occur in calfhood. Calves have an estimated 30 times risk of exposure than adults (2, 31, 82). To date there is no evidence of animal to animal transmission of BSE. BSE is considered a "common source" epidemic, meaning that animals contract the disease from a common element in their environment. Evidence has ruled out sources of the disease such as semen, chemicals, autosomal inheritance, biologics and pharmaceuticals. The primary suspect disease source are diets fed to cattle containing ruminant based meat and bone protein. Scrapie or BSE contaminated carcasses which are rendered for ruminant diets may account for the presence of SAF in the brain homogenates of affected cattle. The feeding of animal protein specifically derived from ruminants was ceased in the United Kingdom as of July, 1988. Results of this control effort by the United Kingdom will not be assessable before 1992 (2, 9, 20, 23, 31, 91, 97). There have been no reported cases of BSE in the United States. As a preventative measure a prohibition of importation of ruminants from the United Kingdom was implemented in July of 1989. Scrapie and other forms of spongiform encephalopathy are present in the United States, hence, the intense interest in BSE. A transmissible form of spongiform encephalopathy found in ranched mink, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME), in the United States has been primarily attributed to the feeding of scrapie infected sheep and goat carcasses. However, cattle carcasses (also part of the ranched mink diet) are now a suspect source of TME (2, 3, 4, 83). The USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) Veterinary Services program produces a Programs Alert on BSE (released in 1989) and a quarterly Foreign Animal Disease Report providing up-to-date information on diseases foreign to the United States including BSE. Copies of the Programs Alert and the Foreign Animal Disease Report may be requested from: USDA-APHIS, VS, 6505 Belcrest Drive, Room 741, Hyattsville, MD 20782. Information contained within this Special Reference brief was derived from the above publications, AGRICOLA and from a variety of other resources. All citations that are present in the collections of the National Agricultural Library (NAL) will have the appropriate NAL call number included. Citations have been organized into categories reflecting the nature of the articles represented in this brief. Categories are: general and review articles; epidemiology and diagnosis; transmission; safety and control; wildlife and ; genetics. The author wishes to extend her gratitude to Dr. Patrick McCaskey of the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service and Dr. Edwin Pilchard and Vira Milbank of USDA-APHIS Veterinary Services division for their thoughtful review and additions to this document. GENERAL AND REVIEW ARTICLES 001 "Mad Cow Disease: Uncertainty rules." J. Cherfas Science 249:1492-1493 (September 28, 1990). NAL call number: 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), review, issues. 002 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." Emergency Programs Alert, Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy U.S. Department of Agriculture - Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs, Hyattsville, MD. June 1990. 3 pp. DESCRIPTORS: review, clinical signs, diagnosis, epidemiology, control, reporting. 003 "Proceedings of an international roundtable on bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Summary report and recommendations." C. L. Bolis and C.J. Gibbs Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1673 (May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 Descriptors: BSE, issues. 004 "Recommendations for initiation of research studies on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C.J. Gibbs, Jr. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1686-1688(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, research projects. 005 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States." R.F. Marsh. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1677(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, sheep, epidemiology. 006 "Virus-like agent blamed for mad cow disease." J. Cherfas. Science 247(4942):523(February 2, 1990). NAL call number: 470 SC12 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie agent. 007 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C. Fear and M. Derakumar British Medical Journal: Clinical Research Edition 300(6727):817 DESCRIPTORS: electroencephalography, human. 008 "Is BSE simply scrapie in cattle?" (Correspondence) R.M. Barlow, D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record 126(12):295(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, nervous system diseases, disease transmission, bovine spongiform encephalopathy. 009 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: The need for knowledge, balance, patience and action." R. Bradley Journal of Pathology 160:283-285(1990). DESCRIPTORS: review, research assessment, future action. 010 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Taking stock of the issues." R.H. Kimberlin Nature 345(6278):763-764 (1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie, nervous system. 011 "Delusional bovine spongiform encephalopathy." S. Lovestone Lancet 336(8714):565 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: human health, case studies. 012 "Spongiform encephalopathies: Implications of recent developments. Report of a joint meeting of Sections of Comparative Medicine, Epidemiology Community Medicine and Pathology, 15 November 1989." R.E. McKerrell and H. Farmer. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 83(5):334-336(1990). NAL call number: 448.9 R814 DESCRIPTORS: nervous system diseases, scrapie, cattle diseases, sheep diseases, man, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 013 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence) K.C. Meldrum. Lancet 335(8692):797(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heat, international trade, meat. 014 "Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison. Veterinary Record 126(3):68(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: sheep diseases, cattle diseases, muscles, scrapie agent, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 015 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy - a new warning." [Bovine spongiforme encefalopathie (BSE), een hernieuwde oproep.] B.E.C. Schreuder. Tijdschrift voor Dierjeneeskunde 115(4):175(1990). DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, lentivirinae. 016 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a review." [Bovine spongieuze encefalopathie (BSE), een overzicht.] B.E.C. Schreuder and A.D.M.E. Osterhaus Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 115(11):507-517(1990). DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, review. 017 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, a review."[Bovine spongieuze enzephalopathie (BSE).] O.C. Straub Deutsches Tierarzteblatt 38(5):328-330(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 D484 DESCRIPTORS: cattle, neuro-disease, review. 018 "Link between scrapie and BSE." (Coorespondence) D. Westaway and S.B. Prusiner Nature 346(6280):113(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, sheep, scrapie, epidemiology. 019 "Prion disease." R.G. Will, H. Diringer, L.R. Bridges, H. Fraser, J. Hardy, A. Goate and S.C. Araya Lancet 336(8711):369-370 (1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: creuzfeldt-jacob disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, disease surveillance. 020 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (BVA policy Paper). Veterinary Record 126(7):170-171(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: neuro-disease, public health, disease prevention. 021 "BSE in perspective." (Editorial) Lancet 335(8700):1252-1253(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle diseases, nervous system diseases, public health, cat diseases, meat. 022 Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1989. UK, Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1990. 91 pp. DESCRIPTORS: cattle, swine, sheep, poultry, disease, research, government funding, scientific survey, United Kingdom. 023 "Minister outlines extent of BSE." (News and Reports) Veterinary Record 125(24):589(December 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, prevalence, United Kingdom. 024 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Abstract) R. Bradley. Journal of Medical Microbiology 30(2):xii(1989). NAL call number: QR1 J62 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, central nervous system. 025 "Observations on bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie (report of a visit to the UK)." M. Cooke. Surveillance 16(4):8-9(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, sheep, disease incidence, United Kingdom. 026 "The latest information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." T. Onodera, E. Momotani and T. Yoshino. Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association 42(5):303-305(1989). NAL call number: 41.9 J275 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review. 027 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Bovine spongiform encephalopati(BSE)." S.B. Rasmussen. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989). DESCRIPTORS: central nervous system, scrapie. 028 "Report of the working party on bovine spongiform encephalopathy." Sir R. Southwood. Leaflets Unit, PO Box 21, Stanmore, Middlessex HA7 2AY, UK; Department of Health ii:35 pp(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, disease history, epidemiology, transmission, research, United Kingdom. 029 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Potential threat to Belgian cattle." [Boviene spongiforme encephalopahtie (BSE): een mogelijke bedreiging voor de Belgische veestapel?] E. Vanopdenbosch, G. Wellemans and M. Giangaspero. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift 58(3):91(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V84 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, transmission, control. 030 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A possible danger for Belgian cattle?" [L'encephalopathie spongiforme des bovines: un danger possible pour le cheptel belge?] G. Wellemans, E. Vanopdenbosch and M. Giangaspero. Annales de Medecine Veterinaire 133(7):623-624(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 AN78 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeds, meat meal, bone meal, international trade. 031 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Veterinary Annual. 29:59-63(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V6456 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review, scrapie agent, central nervous system. 032 "BSE: Some unanswered questions." S. Wilson. Veterinary Record 125(10):279-280(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, central nervous system. 033 "Animal health." Northern Ireland Agriculture. 48th Annual General Report of the Department of Agriculture. Year ended 31 March 1989. UK, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Belfast, UK; Her Majesty's Stationery office. 95-101(1989). DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, sheep disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), Johne's disease, pulmonary adenomatosis, bovine tuberculosis, Brucellosis, vaccines, import control, disease occurrence. 034 Annual Report of the Institute for Animal Health 1988. UK, Agricultural and Food Research Council. Compton, Newbury and Berks. RG16 ONN, UK; Institute for Animal Health 1989. 77 pp. DESCRIPTORS: cattle disease, research, government funding, scientific survey, United Kingdom. 035 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (B.S.E.): A new disease?" P.J.N. Pinsent. The Bovine Practitioner 23:97-98(November 1988). NAL call number: SF779.5.A1B6. DESCRIPTORS: pathology, central nervous system. 036 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." A.H. Andrews. Veterinary Record 122(23):566-567(June 4, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease prevalence. 037 "Disease update: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (News and Reports) Veterinary Record 122(20):477-478(May 14, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, review. 038 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Time to take scrapie seriously." K.L. Morgan. Veterinary Record 122(18):445-446(April 30, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, sheep, goats, deer, feeds, offal. 039 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." G.A.H. Wells. Foreign Animal Disease Report - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs 16(4):97-98(Winter 1988). NAL call number: aSF601.U5 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, livestock, disease, statistics. 040 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). M.P. Cranwell, R.D. Hancock, J.R. Hindson, S.A. Hall, N.J. Daniel, A.R. Hopkins, B. Wonnacott, M. Vivian, P. Hunt. Veterinary Record 122(8):190(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, clinical signs, behavior. 041 "Scrapie in dairy sheep and cattle." H. Fraser. Sheep Dairy News 5(3):45(1988). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), neuro-disease. 042 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a brief review." M.C. Horzinek. Tijdschrift voor Diergeneeskunde 113(21):1200(1988). DESCRIPTORS: research review. 043 "Mad cows and ministers lose their heads. (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy.)" S. Pain. New Scientist 119(1625):27-28(1988). NAL call number:472 N42 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, epidemiology, scrapie, cattle, neuro-disease. 044 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: A new slow virus disease?" [Encephalopathie spongiforme bovine: une nouvelle maladie a veruis lents?] M. Savey and A.L. Parodi. Point Veterinaire 20(113):79-80(1988). NAL call number: SF 602 P6 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, etiology. 045 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence). J.W. Wilesmith. Veterinary Record 122(25):614(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, commentary. 046 "Veterinary aspects of beef production. Government health scheme for cattle." Beef Yearbook 1988 - Meat and Livestock Commission Bletchley (UK): Meat and Livestock Commission, 1988, p. 99-104. NAL call number: HD9433 G7B4 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), bovine oncoviros, IBR, IPV, virus, leukosis, leptospirosis, United Kingdom. 047 Animal Health 1987. Report of the Chief Veterinary Officer. UK, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London, SW8 5DT, UK; HMSO Publications Centre, 1988. 52pp. DESCRIPTORS: disease prevalence, cattle, swine, wildlife, anthrax, swine fever, paramyxoviros, enzootic bovine leukosis, sheep scab, Aujeszky's disease, brucellosis, tuberculosis, mycobacterian bovis, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DIAGNOSES 048 "Detection of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom." R.H. Kimberlin. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1675-1676(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, diagnosis. 049 "Ultrastructural neuropathologic features of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." P.P. Liberski. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1682(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, histopathology. 050 "Epidemiology and current status of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United Kingdom." J.W. Wilesmith. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1674-1675(May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, epidemiology. 051 "Cerebrospinal fluid studies in normal cows and cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke and R.G. Will. Veterinary Studies 146(1):88-90(January/February 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V643 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, immunological response, diagnosis. 052 "BSE in Oman." (Correspondence) D.J.P. Carolan. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, case study. 053 "Scrapie agent in muscle." (Correspondence) I. Pattison. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie, cattle, sheep. 054 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Detection and quantitation of fibrils, fibril protein (PrP) and vacuolation in the brain." A.C. Scott, G.A.H. Wells, M.J.Stack, H. White and M. Dawson. Veterinary Microbiology 23(1-4):295-304(1990). NAL call number: SF601 V44 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, pathology. 055 "Incidence of BSE." (Coorespondence) K.C. Taylor Veterinary Record 126(20):513(1990) NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, prevalence. 056 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a cow in the United Kingdom." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, M. Clarke and R. Will. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 195(12):1745-1747(December 15, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case study, pathology. 057 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata." G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J. Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record 125(21):521-524(November 18, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histopathological diagnosis. 058 "Post-mortem immunodiagnosis of scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy." C.F. Farquhar, R.A. Somerville and L.A. Ritchie. Journal of Virological Methods 24(1/2):215-222(April/May 1989). NAL call number: QR355.J6 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, antisera, testing, infection. 059 "Observations on abnormal brain fibril detection in scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)." (Abstract) A.C. Scott, G.A.H. Wells, M. Stack and M. Dawson. First Congress, European Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege, Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989. DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, pathology. 060 "Immunoblotting and lectin binding studies of fibril protein from natural scrapie and BSE." (Abstract) H. White and M. Dawson. First Congress, European Society for Veterinary Virology, Liege, Belgium, 6-7 April, 1989. DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie. 061 "Occurrence of 14 cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a closed dairy herd." M.H. Winter, B.M. Aldridge, P.R. Scott and M. Clarke. British Veterinary Journal 145(2):191-194(March/April 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V643 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, etiology. 062 "Case of BSE in the Irish Republic." (Correspondence) H. Basset and C. Sheridan. Veterinary Record. 124(6):151(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, case report, histology, diagnosis. 063 "Suspected case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (final diagnosis: Hepatic encephalopathy)." A.F. Julian and D.J. Moore. Surveillance (Wellington) 16(4):6(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, pathology, histology, liver disease. 064 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Scrapie, TME, transmissible mink encephalopathy." [Bovine Spongiform Encephalopati (BSE).] S.B. Rasmussen. Dansk Veterinaertidsskrift 72(11):637-640(1989). NAL call number: 41.9 D23 DESCRIPTORS: clinical signs, epidemiology, diagnosis, disease control, zoonoses. 065 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Diagnostic significance of vacuolar changes in selected nuclei of the medulla oblongata." G.A.H. Wells, R.D. Hancock, W.A. Cooley, M.S. Richards, R.J. Higgins and G.P. David. Veterinary Record 125(21):521-524(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, diagnosis, histology, brain. 066 "The distribution pattern of neuronal vacuolation in bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is constant." (Abstract) G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15(6):519(1989). DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, histopathology, nervous system. 067 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Epidemiological studies." J.W. Wilesmsith, G.A.H. Wells, M.P. Cranwell and J.B.M. Ryan. Veterinary Record 123(25):638-644(December 17, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, history, diagnosis, genetics, etiology, scrapie agent. 068 "Fibrils from brains of cows with new cattle disease contain scrapie-associated protein." J. Hope, L.J.D. Reekie, N. Hunter, G. Multhaup, K. Beyreuther, H. White, A.C. Scott, M.J. Stack, M. Dawson and G.A.H. Wells. Nature 336(6197):390-392(November 24, 1988). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, neuro-disease, pathogenesis 069 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in an adult British Friesian cow." P.R. Scott, B.M. Aldridge, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and D.M. Collins. Veterinary Record 123(16):373-374(October 1, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, pathology, central nervous system, clinical signs. 070 "Elevated plasma glucose concentration in a case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) B.M. Aldridge, P.R. Scott, L.A. Holmes, E.M. Milne and D.F. Collins. Veterinary Record 122(3):71-72(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, blood glucose, encephalitis. 071 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Bull. Correspondence.) J.S. Gilmour, D. Buxton, N.S.M. Macleod, T.A. Brodie, J.B. More. Veterinary Record 122(6):142-143(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, encephalitis. 072 "BSE: Not a self evident diagnosis." (Correspondence). A.R. Hopkins. Veterinary Record 122(26):639(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, cattle, lentivirinae. 073 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Blood chemistry. Correspondence.) C.T. Johnson and C.J. Whitaker. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, hematological analysis. 074 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Correspondence.) P.N. Pulford. Veterinary Record 122(8):190(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, artificial insemination. 075 "A novel progressive spongiform encephalopathy in cattle." G.A.H. Wells, A.C. Scott, C.T. Johnson, R.F. Gunning, R.D. Hancock, M. Jeffrey, M. Dawson and R. Bradley. Veterinary Record 121(18):419-420(1987). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, case report, clinical signs, histopathology, scrapie. TRANSMISSION 076 "Dietary transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice." R.M. Barlow and D.J. Middleton. Veterinary Record 126(5):111-112(February 3, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, central nervous system, histology. 077 "Preliminary evidence of the experimental transmissibility of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to cattle." M. Dawson, G.A.H. Wells and B.N.J. Parker. Veterinary Record 126(5):112-113(February 3, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, histology, neuro-disease, transmission. 078 "BSE. New fears on transmission." P. Aldhous. Nature (London) 345(6273):280(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, neuro- disease, scrapie agent, meat. 079 "Experimental transmission of scrapie to cattle." C.J. Gibbs, Jr., J. Sofar, M. Ceroni, A. di Martino, W.W. Clark, J.L. Hourrigan. Lancet 335(8700):1275(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 L22 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), neuro-disease, brain, proteins, scrapie agent, experimental infection. 080 "Transmission of encephalopathies." (Coorespondence) P.H. Gibson Veterinary Record 126(10):248(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, scrapie, epidemiology. 081 "Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie to mice." (Abstract) H. Fraser, I. McConnell and G.A.H. Wells. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology 15(6):590(1989). DESCRIPTORS: BSE, experimental transmission, neuropathology, central nervous system, inbred mice. 082 "Transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to mice." H. Fraser, I. McConnell, G.A.H. Wells and M. Dawson. Veterinary Record 123(18):472(October 29, 1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, mouse scrapie, neuropathology. SAFETY AND CONTROL 083 "Recommendations concerning the risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the United States." D.M. Asher Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 196(10):1687 (May 15, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 AM3 DESCRIPTORS: human health, cattle feed, bone meal, future research. 084 "Caesarean sections on BSE cows." (Correspondence) R.G. Eddy. Veterinary Record 126(4):92(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth. 085 "More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Coorespondence) K.W.F. Jericho Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(4):252(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 R3224 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control. 086 "Scrapie and human neurodengenerative diseases." (Correspondence) P.K. Lewis. Canadian Medical Association Journal 142(9):928(1990). DESCRIPTORS: man, prions, zoonoses, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), nervous system diseases. 087 "More on the control of bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Coorespondence) P.B. Little and J. Thorsen. Canadian Veterinary Journal 31(4):252-253(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 R3224 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, scrapie agent, feeding, disease control. 088 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy. The safety of beef has not yet been tested and may not be testable." (Editorial) W.B. Matthews. British Medical Journal. 300(6722):412-413(1990). NAL call number: 448.8 B77 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, neuro-disease, creutzfeldt-jakob disease, meat. 089 "Animal production and public health." J.P. Samaille. Action Veterinaire (No. 1121-1122):3-4(1990). NAL call number: SF602 A25 DESCRIPTORS: milk hygiene, salmonella, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), listeria, zoonoses 090 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy and human health." D.M. Taylor Veterinary Record 125(16):413-415(October 14, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, epidemiology, pathology, transmission, zoonoses. 091 "Scrapie agent decontamination: Implications for bovine spongiform encephalopathy." D.M. Taylor. Veterinary Record 124(12):291-292(March 25, 1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641. DESCRIPTORS: BSE, disease control, feed contamination, rendering. 092 "Current animal events concerning human health." K.N. Burns. Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England 150:90-100(1989). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), salmonellosis, listeria, scrapie, somatotropin, legislation, human health, zoonoses. 093 "Update on spongiform encephalopathies of animals and proposals for their prevention. Attulalita sulle encefalopatie spongiformi degli animali e proposte di intervento." F. Guarda and F. Valenza. Nuovo Progresso Veterinario 44(10):363-366,368(1989). DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), cattle, sheep, scrapie, control, review. 094 "BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence). C.A. Madeiros. Veterinary Record 125(3):73(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central nervous system. 095 "BSE safety precautions." (Caesarean section. Correspondence). K.D. Meldrum. Veterinary Record 125(3):73-74(1989). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy, birth, central nervous system. 096 "Options for the control of scrapie in sheep and its counterpart in cattle." A.G. Dickinson and D.M. Taylor. Proceedings, 3rd World Congress on Sheep and Beef Cattle Breeding, 19-23 June 1988, Paris. Volume 1:553-564. NAL call number: SF 371.2 W67 1988 DESCRIPTORS: bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), disease resistance, genetics. 097 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Meat inspection) (Correspondence.) J.F. Gracey. Veterinary Record 123(6):163(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, meat products, rendering, cattle, zoonoses. TOXICITY 098 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy: Possible toxicity link?" (Human hexachlorophene poisoning. Correspondence). C.B. Boothby. Veterinary Record 122(4):95(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology, hexachlorophene. 099 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity. Correspondence.) E.J. Jack. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, encephalitis, etiology. 100 "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy." (Hexachlorophane toxicity. Correspondence.) G.A.H. Wells and J.W. Wilesmith. Veterinary Record 122(6):142(1988). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, etiology. WILDLIFE 101 "Antelopes die of "mad cow" disease". P. Aldhous. Nature 344(6263):183(1990). NAL call number: 472 N21 DESCRIPTORS: neuro-diseases, zoo animals, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). 102 "Spongiform encephalopathy in an eland." (Correspondence) A.J. Fleetwood and C.W. Furley. Veterinary Record 126(16):408-409(1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: scrapie agent, zoo animals, case reports, neuro-disease, tragelaphus oryx, spongiform encephalopathy, antelopes, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), United Kingdom. GENETICS 103 "A study of the inheritance of susceptibility to bovine spongiform encephalopathy." W.V.S. Wijeratne and R.N. Curnow. Veterinary Record 126(1):5-8(January 6, 1990). NAL call number: 41.8 V641 DESCRIPTORS: BSE, heritability, scrapie agent, resistance. ADDENDUM 104 "Foreign animal disease update." P. Fernandez Foreign Animal Disease Report U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Emergency Programs 18(4):4 (in press 11/27/90). DESCRIPTORS: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), update. AUTHOR INDEX Aldhous, P. 78, 101 Aldridge, B.M. 51, 56, 61, 69 Andrews, A.H. 36 Araya, S.C. 19 Asher, D.M. 83 Barlow, R.M. 8, 76 Basset, H. 62 Beyreuther, K. 68 Bolis, C.L. 3 Boothby, C.B. 98 Bradley, R. 9, 24, 75 Bridges, L.R. 19 Brodie, T.A. 71 Burns, K.N. 92 Buxton, D. 71 BVA, 20 Carolan, D.J.P. 52 Ceroni, M. 79 Cherfas, J. 1, 6 Clark, W.W. 79 Clarke, M. 51, 56, 61 Collins, D.M. 69, 70 Cooke, M. 25 Cooley, W.A. 57, 65 Cranwell, M.P. 40, 67 Daniel, N.J. 40 David, G.P. 57, 65 Dawson, M. 54, 59, 60, 68, 75, 77, 82 Derakumar, M. 7 Dickinson, A.G. 96 diMartino, A. 79 Diringer, H. 19 Eddy, R.G. 84 Editorials, 21 Farmer, H. 12 Farquhar, C.F. 58 Fear, C. 7 Fleetwood, A.J. 102 Fraser, H. 19, 41, 81, 82 Furley, C.W. 102 Giangaspero, M. 29, 30 Gibbs, C.J. 3 Gibbs, Jr., C.J. 4, 79 Gibson, P.H. 80 Gilmour, J.S. 71 Goate, A. 19 Gracey, J.F. 97 Guarda, F. 93 Hall, S.A. 40 Hancock, R.D. 40, 57, 75 Hardy, J. 19 Higgins, R.J. 57, 65 Hindson, J.R. 40 Holmes, L.A. 69, 70 Hope, J. 68 Hopkins, A.R. 40, 72 Horzinek, M.C. 42 Hourrigan, J.L. 79 Hunt, P. 40 Hunter, N. 68 Jack, E.J. 99 Jeffrey, M. 75 Jericho, K.W.F. 85 Johnson, C.T. 73, 75 Julian, A.F. 63 Kimberlin, R.H. 10, 48 Lewis, P.K. 86 Liberski, P.P. 49 Little, P.B. 87 Lovestone, S. 11 MacLeod, N.S.M. 71 Madeiros, C.A. 94 Marsh, R.F. 5 Matthews, W.B. 88 McConnell, I. 81, 82 Mckerrell, R.E. 12 Meat and Livestock Commission (UK) 46 Meldrum, K.C. 13 Meldrum, K.D. 95 Middleton, D.J. 8, 76 Milne, E.M. 69, 70 Momotani, E. 26 Moore, D.J. 63 More, J.B. 71 Morgan, K.L. 38 Multhaup, G. 68 Onodera, T. 26 Osterhaus, A.D.M.E. 16 Pain, S. 43 Parker, B.N.J. 77 Parodi, A.L. 44 Pattison, I. 14, 53 Pinsent, P.J.N. 35 Prusiner, S.B. 18 Pulford, P.N. 74 Rasmussen, S.B. 27, 64 Reekie, L.J.D. 68 Richards, M.S. 57, 65 Ritchie, L.A. 58 Ryan, J.B.M. 67 Samaille, J.P. 89 Savey, M. 44 Schreuder, B.E.C. 15, 16 Scott, A.C. 54, 59, 68, 75 Scott, P.R. 51, 56, 61, 69, 70 Sheridan, C. 62 Sofar, J. 79 Somerville, R.A. 58 Southwood, Sir R. 28 Stack, M. 59 Stack, M.J. 54, 68 Straub, O.C. 17 Taylor, D.M. 90, 91, 96 Taylor, K.C. 55 Thorsen, J. 87 UK Agricultural and Food Research Council 22, 34 UK Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland 33 UK Ministry of Agrc. Fisheries and Food 47 USDA-APHIS 2, 39 Valenza, F. 93 Vanopdenbosch, E. 29, 30 Vivian, M. 40 Wellemans, G. 29, 30 Wells, G.A.H. 31, 39, 54, 57, 59, 65, 66, 67, 68, 75, 77, 81, 82, 100 Westaway, D. 18 Whitaker, C.J. 73 White, H. 54, 60, 68 Wijeratne, W.V.S. 103 Wilesmith, J.W. 45, 50, 66, 67, 100 Will, R. 56 Will, R.G. 19, 51 Wilson, S. 32 Winter, M.H. 61 Wonnacott, B. 40 Yoshino, T. 26

48. BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy http://www.itass.dk/bse.htm

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49. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) - Minnesota Dept. Of Health Mad Cow Disease (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy and Variant CreutzfeldtJakob Disease Background, Evolution, http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/idepc/diseases/bse/

dqmcodebase = "http://www.health.state.mn.us/script/" Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy BSE Home Page Basics For Minnesota For Health Care Providers Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies TSE Home Page Human Prion Diseases CJD vCJD ... For Health Care Providers More from MDH Infectious Diseases A-Z Infectious Diseases by Category Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) or "Mad Cow Disease" Since 1996, evidence has been increasing for a causal relationship between the outbreak in Europe of a disease in cattle, called bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, or "mad cow disease"), and a disease in humans, called "variant" Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) Both disorders are invariably fatal brain diseases with unusually long incubation periods measured in years, and are caused by abnormally folded protiens in the brain called "prions" (pree-ons). Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Basics General information about mad cow disease, background, evolution, and current concerns and information from the CDC, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), and Foreign Agriculture Service.

50. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE; Mad Cow Disease), What is BSE? How is BSEspread? Where does BSE occur? And more http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/ansci/beef/as1206w.htm

North Dakota State University NDSU Extension Service Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy  (BSE; Mad Cow Disease) AS-1206 (Revised), March 2004 Greg Lardy, Ph.D. Beef Cattle Specialist, NDSU Extension Service Charlie Stoltenow, DVM Veterinarian, NDSU Extension Service Julie Garden-Robinson, Ph.D. Food and Nutrition Specialist, NDSU Extension Service Click here for an Adobe Acrobat PDF file suitable for printing. What is BSE? How is BSE spread? Where does BSE occur? ... Suggested Resources for Further Information What is BSE? Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a disease condition in cattle which is thought to have originated in Great Britain. It occurs in cattle between two and eight years old and is always fatal. The most plausible cause of the disease is a prion, a "self-replicating" protein, rather than a bacterium or virus. BSE causes a portion of the brain to become sponge-like. Brain, central nervous system tissue, and the distal ileum (portion of the small intestine) can carry the infective agent, and measures have been taken to exclude those parts known to carry the infective agent (primarily brain and central nervous system tissue) from the food and feed supply. BSE is often referred to as "mad cow" disease, because animals infected with the disease are often irritable and can react in a somewhat violent or threatening fashion when approached by humans.

51. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Also Known as Mad Cow Disease includes background on bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Variant http://www.extension.iastate.edu/emms/bse/homepage.html

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Also Known as 'Mad Cow Disease' Iowa State University Extension Resources ISU Extension Resources Resources for Beef Producers Resources for Consumers Other Links ... Today's Ag BSE Meetings for Meat Processors Iowa State University Meat Science Extension, the Iowa Meat Processors Association, and the Meat and Poulty Inspection Bureau of the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship are cosponsoring four meetings for Iowa meat processors to discuss new regtulations that USDA/FSIS has published to further enhance safeguards against BSE. See schedule and locations of the meetings to be held Feb. 10, 11, 12, and 21 in four Iowa cities. ISU BSE Program Available Online A TV broadcast bringing together experts from ISU Extension and the Iowa Beef Center originated Jan. 7 from the Extension 4-H Youth Building on the Iowa State University campus. Streaming audio and video versions of this program also are available from the University of Nebraska for viewing on your computer.

52. Official Mad Cow Disease Home Page bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie, BSE, CJD, CWD, TME, and TSE. Updated31 Dec 99. . a project of the Sperling Biomedical Foundation http://www.cyber-dyne.com/~tom/mad_cow_disease.html

5,932+ articles on mad cow and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, prions, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie, BSE, CJD, CWD, TME, and TSE. Updated: 31 Dec 99 . . a project of the Sperling Biomedical Foundation The Official Mad Cow Disease Home Page Bovine-CJD: might you already have it? ... Visit charity pages Early warnings: insomnia, memory loss, depression, anxiety, withdrawal, fearfulness) Best links Spongiform brains 3D prions Inquiry ... Submit news ... GENERAL NEWS Page has moved to www.mad-cow.org ... PRION MOLY BIO Page has moved to www.mad-cow.org

53. Category:Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Wikinews Articles about bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Articles in category Bovinespongiform encephalopathy . There are 4 articles in this category. http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy

Water cooler Real-time chat International Wikinews Writing Contest Wikinews Licensure Poll Category:Bovine spongiform encephalopathy From Wikinews, the free news source you can write! Latest Articles about Bovine spongiform encephalopathy Did human remains cause mad cow disease? French goat is found to have BSE Second case of BSE confirmed in U.S. ... Third case of BSE reported in Canada Articles in category "Bovine spongiform encephalopathy" There are 5 articles in this category. D Did human remains cause mad cow disease? F French goat is found to have BSE S Second case of BSE confirmed in U.S. T Third case of BSE reported in Canada U US officials accused of covering up human deaths from BSE and discouraging testing of suspected animals Retrieved from " http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy Categories Health Views Category Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Create an account or log in Navigation Main Page Browse by section Write/edit articles Recent changes ... Donations Search Toolbox What links here Related changes Upload fair use media Special pages ... Permanent link This page was last modified 22:19, 2 September 2005. All content of Wikinews Beta is in the public domain unless otherwise specified.

54. LII - Results For "bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy" BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or Mad Cow Disease) This specialsection on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) includes news, http://www.lii.org/search?searchtype=subject;query=Bovine spongiform encephalopa

55. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Compiled from bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease) FACTSHEET , bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Commonwealth Agriculture Bureau http://epix.hazard.net/topics/animal/b_s_e.htm

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Bovine Spongioform Encephalopathy ( also known as BSE or "mad cow disease" ) is a progressive degenerative disease that affects to central nervous system of cattle. It belongs to a group of similar but distinct neurological diseases that include scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans. The cause of BSE is unknown and there is no treatment for this fatal disease. BSE does not exist in Canada . Since 1986, when first diagnosed in Great Britain, BSE has profoundly affected the British cattle and beef industries. BSE has been confirmed in domestic cattle in Ireland, France, Portugal, and Switzerland, and in cattle exported from Great Britain to Oman, the Falkland Islands, germany, denmark, and Italy. Canada has experienced one case of the disease in a cow imported from Great Britain in 1987, and diagnosed with BSE six years later. The federal government immediately took extraordinary measures to deal with risks BSE might pose to other cattle in Canada. These measures included: destruction of the entire herd containing the BSE-infected cow

56. Health Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy Abstract BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATH (BSE)What is bovine spongiform encephalopathy? bovine spongiform encephalopathy http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/health/cwp/view.asp?A=171&Q=230324

57. BSE Information And Resources From FSIS Evaluation of the Potential for bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the UnitedStates (Nov 26, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) Hot Issues Page http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_BSE/index.

All FSIS Dockets Docket Comments Export Information Training All USDA Information For... Constituent Groups FSIS Employees You are here: Home Fact Sheets / Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Latest BSE News - Go to www.usda.gov for complete listing. The Philippines Lifts Ban On U.S. Beef And Beef Products (Aug 4, 2005) Chile Opens Borders To U.S. Beef (Jul 19, 2005) Johanns Announces Next Steps For Importing Canadian Cattle (Jul 16, 2005) BSE Information and Resources from FSIS BSE Rules Being Strictly Enforced (Aug 12, 2005) A review of inspection data by FSIS shows strong enforcement of regulations to further enhance safeguards against BSE. Using Dentition to Age Cattle - An illustrated tutorial Despite individual differences, when the age of an animal is not known, examination of the teeth serves as the best and most practical method of age determination. Frequently Asked Questions Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy FSIS Further Strengthens Protections Against Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) FSIS Technical Service Center Common BSE Questions and Answers Harvard Risk Assessment Evaluation of the Potential for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy in the United States (Nov 26, 2001)

58. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Resources Page Has Moved Information released by FSIS, other USDA and other government agencies on theissue of BSE, plus information and resources for further study. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/oa/topics/bse.htm

Food Safety and Inspection Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C. 20250-3700 The BSE Resources page has moved to a new location! The new URL for this page is: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Bovine_Spongiform_Encephalopathy_BSE/ Please wait a moment to be transferred to the new site, or click the new URL above.

59. Www.foodsafety.gov - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy bovine spongiform encephalopathy Mad Cow Disease . Federal Government Web Sites.USDA and HHS Strengthen Safeguards Against Bovine Spongiform http://www.foodsafety.gov/~fsg/bse.html

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy "Mad Cow Disease" Federal Government Web Sites Commonly Asked Questions About BSE in Products Regulated by FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) January 14, 2004; Updated: June 30, 2005 (FDA) BSE Information and Resources (USDA) BSE Documents (CDC) Emerging Infectious Diseases and Morbity and Mortality Weekly Reports BSE Documents (FAS) Reports, Guidelines, Directives BSE Documents (FDA) Updates, Guidance Documents, Federal Register Notices, Public Fora-Related Information, and Other Information BSE Documents (FSIS) Latest News, Background, Risk Analysis Meeting International Web Sites Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) (WHO) State and Local Government Web Sites Chronic Wasting Disease (Colorado Division of Wildlife) Rendering (Department of Health, Texas) Additional links to federal, state and local government agencies. www.FoodSafety.gov Privacy Accessibility Webmaster

60. BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY bovine spongiform encephalopathy belongs to the family of diseases known as bovine spongiform encephalopathy has been experimentally transmitted to the http://www.vet.uga.edu/vpp/gray_book/FAD/BSE.htm

BACK MENU NEXT PART IV FOREIGN ANIMAL DISEASES BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY Definition Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), widely known as "mad cow disease," is a chronic, afebrile, degenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of cattle. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy belongs to the family of diseases known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE's). These diseases are caused by a transmissible agent that is yet to be fully characterized. They share the following common characteristics: a. A prolonged incubation period of months or years; b. A progressive debilitating neurological illness that is always fatal; c. When examined by electron microscopy, detergent-treated extracts of brain tissue from animals or humans affected by these diseases reveal the presence of scrapie-associated fibrils (SAF's); d. Pathological changes appear to be confined to the CNS and include vacuolation and astrocytosis; e. The transmissible agent elicits no detectable specific immune response in the host. Specific types of TSE's include scrapie, which affects sheep and goats; transmissible mink encephalopathy; feline spongiform encephalopathy; chronic wasting disease of deer and elk; and five rare diseases in humans: kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia (FFI), and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD).

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