21. Defra, UK - BSE - Homepage Official UK government site which covers a number of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) related subjects, providing information on the disease and efforts to eradicate it. http://www.defra.gov.uk/animalh/bse/index.html

Skip navigation Animal health and welfare Home Contact Defra About Defra News ... Homepage > BSE Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Legislation Other TSEs (inc. Scrapie) Publications Public health issues ... Statistics Other useful links BSE site directory BSE FAQ Glossary Contacts ... Links Welcome to the BSE website. This site is an authoritative source of information on BSE provided by Defra. If you'd like to comment or provide some feedback regarding this site or its content we'd be pleased to hear from you. Information prior to August 2004 has been archived. If you wish to see an item which was formerly on this site, please contact us Background to the disease BSE is a relatively new disease of cattle. It was first recognised and defined in the United Kingdom in November 1986. Over the next few years the epidemic grew considerably and affected all parts of the country but to different degrees. It reached its peak in 1992, when 36,680 cases were confirmed, and since then has shown a steady decline. Further information, including graphs, is available on the statistics pages.

22. USATODAY.com - Relief After Potential 'mad Cow' Case Arises Both cows also were born before the feed ban. The brainwasting disease is known scientifically as bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or BSE. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. WHO Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is also a TSE, affecting a number ofspecies (cattle, human, cats, some types of animals in 300 settings). http://www.who.int/csr/disease/bse/en/

24. CBER - Vaccines The Center regulates vaccine products. Vaccines undergo a rigorous review of laboratory and clinical data to ensure the safety, efficacy, purity and potency of these products. Major sections are Flu Vaccine, Thimerosal, Anthrax, and bovine spongiform encephalopathy, ( mad cow disease. ) http://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccines.htm

FDA Home Page CBER A-Z Index CBER Search Contact CBER ... CBER Home Page Vaccines The Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER) regulates vaccine products. Many of these are childhood vaccines that have contributed to a significant reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccines have reduced preventable infectious diseases to an all-time low and now few people experience the devastating effects of measles, pertussis and other illnesses. Vaccines, as with all products regulated by FDA, undergo a rigorous review of laboratory and clinical data to ensure the safety, efficacy, purity and potency of these products. Vaccines approved for marketing may also be required to undergo additional studies to further evaluate the vaccine and often to address specific questions about the vaccine's safety, effectiveness, or possible side effects. VAERS ), a cooperative program for vaccine safety. VAERS is a post-marketing safety surveillance program, collecting information about adverse events (side effects) that occur after the administration of US licensed vaccines. Reports to the VAERS program are welcome from all concerned individuals: patients, parents, health care providers, pharmacists, and vaccine manufacturers. Additional information concerning preventive vaccines and vaccine preventable diseases is available at the CDC National Immunization Program WWW site: http://www.cdc.gov/nip/

25. APHIS Hot Issues bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE, mad cow disease http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

26. APHIS | Hot Issues bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE, mad cow disease. Bovine SpongiformEncephalopathy; MinimalRisk Regions and Importation of Commodities— FINAL http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html

APHIS Services Find Traveler's Information Search Regulations Find Permit Application Information Download permit forms Apply Online for Import Authorization Apply to Import, Move or Field Test Nursery Stock Permits View Status of Biotech Applications Genetically Engineered Organisms Agricultural Select Agent Program Locate Missing Pets Apply for AWA Licenses/Registration Find Vet Accreditation Information Locate Wildlife Damage Resources Report a Pest or Disease View Small Business Information Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Home Page Email Us Privacy Statement EEO Statement ... APHIS Home Page Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) BSE: Recent Information Joint Statement from U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - Investigation Results of Texas Cow That Tested Positive for Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) PDF Transcript Of Technical Briefing With Agriculture Secretary Mike Johanns, USDA Chief Veterinary Officer Dr. John Clifford (APH IS), And Center For Veterinary Medicine Director Dr. Steve Sundlof (Food And Drug Administration), Update On National Animal Identification System And BSE Epidemiology Investigation USDA Proposes to Amend Regulations Governing the Importation of Whole Cuts of Boneless Beef From Japan PDF The Importation of Boneless Beef from Japan (FAQ)

27. The BSE Inquiry Report: Home Report of the Public Inquiry to establish and review the history of BSE and new variant CJD in the United Kingdom and the United States response to BSE. Opened 9 March 1998. http://www.bseinquiry.gov.uk/

Quick navigation menu Home The Inquiry Report Download report as PDF Evidence Contact details Order a copy Help Search Related links: MAFF Department of Health Food Standards Agency This site is an archive of the BSE Inquiry. It is no longer being updated and some links from the site may no longer work This site contains a full text version of the Report of the BSE Inquiry, and all the supporting evidence. The BSE Inquiry was announced in Parliament on 22 December 1997, and set up on 12 January 1998, to establish and review the history of the emergence and identification of BSE and new variant CJD in the United Kingdom, and of the action taken in response to it up to 20 March 1996; to reach conclusions on the adequacy of that response, taking into account the state of knowledge at the time; and to report on these matters to the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the Secretary of State for Health and the Secretaries of State for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The Members of the Committee of the Inquiry were: Lord Phillips of Worth Matravers Mrs June Bridgeman CB Professor Malcolm Ferguson-Smith FRS This report has been published as a: Return to an Order of the Honourable the House of Commons dated October 2000 for the Report, evidence and supporting papers of the Inquiry into the emergence and identification of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (vCJD) and the action taken in response to it up to 20 March 1996.

28. UK Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Surveillance Unit The Spongiform Encephalopathy Research Campaign provides information on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (or mad cow disease). http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

29. APHIS | Hot Issues The bovine spongiform encephalopathy Address has changed. The new address ishttp//www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/bse/

APHIS Services Find Traveler's Information Search Regulations Find Permit Application Information Download permit forms Apply Online for Import Authorization View Status of Biotech Applications Apply to Import, Move or Field Test Genetically Engineered Organisms Locate Missing Pets Apply for AWA Licenses/Registration Find Vet Accreditation Information Locate Wildlife Damage Resources Report a Pest or Disease View Small Business Information Email Us Privacy Statement EEO Statement USDA ... Return to Home Page Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) The Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Address has changed. The new address is: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/issues/bse/bse.html Remember to change your bookmark. Wait 10 seconds or click on the new address to link to the correct site.

30. Well Within - Mad Cow Disease & Contaminated Meat/Blood Products/Organs/Hormones bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CJD; possible contamination of meat, blood products, certain hormones, organs for transplant. Links to relevant information. http://www.nccn.net/~wwithin/bse.htm

Dangers Dangers of Mad Cow Disease (Creutzfeld/Jakob Disease, BSE - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy) Revised December 24, 2003 Please inform yourselves Mark Purdey's Website Some of the post reputable information I know Quotes from below chat I was part of.... "The organophosphates interact with manganese by acting as an oxydising agent. They change the manganese from a safe form into a highly lethal free-radical generating form so to get spongiform disease of the new variant type you would need to be simultaneously exposed to these two environmental factors. In the traditional form of the disease one is exposed to a much weaker oxidising agent in the form of ultra violet radiation that is why traditional spongiform disease always starts in the retina in the eye and it occurs in populations that live high up in snow-covered mountains - with UV light is notoriously high. " AND "Avoid use of head lice shampoos and exposure to other forms of organophosphate insecticides. Also be a bit cautious of using mobile phones too intensively because they have an oxydising effect on the brain just like organophosphates. Also avoid living too near to industries that pollute the atmosphere with high levels of manganese such as industries that use manganese as a lead replacement in petrol etc." Mark Purdey, whose information I've posted before, from the UK was on a special report (kind of like 60 minutes) on BBC 2 Sunday night (Correspondent). They did an excellent job. It seems to be about high levels of manganese and organophosphates (or other oxydizing things)

31. BSEInfo.org The Source For Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy An information resource produced by National Cattlemen's Beef Association, on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJakob Disease http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

32. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Geographical Distribution of Countriesthat reported BSE Confirmed Cases since 1989 (see map) http://www.oie.int/eng/info/en_esb.htm

var code_langue1='fr';var code_langue2='es';var rep_l='/info/';var lc='en';var code_page='esb.htm'; document.write(ent); Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Geographical Distribution of Countries that reported BSE Confirmed Cases since 1989 (see map) This heading contains information on changes in the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) situation worldwide. Information is grouped in two categories: Information on the number of BSE cases reported in the United Kingdom and in the world (excluding the United Kingdom) in imported or indigenous cattle, and Countries/Territories that have reported BSE cases in imported animals only The second category provides information on annual incidence rate of BSE , by country, since 1989. [Top] Updated: (fr) http://www.oie.int/ World Organisation for Animal Health

33. B115 - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Updated 22/04/2002. bovine spongiform encephalopathy A characteristicspongiform encephalopathy is present in most cases. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS http://www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/a_B115.htm

var code_langue1='f';var code_langue2='e';var rep_l='/maladies/fiches/';var lc='en';var code_page='b115.htm';var titre_p1='Animal'; var titre_p2=' diseases data'; document.write(ent); document.write(ent2); Updated: 22/04/2002 Bovine spongiform encephalopathy AETIOLOGY CLASSIFICATION OF THE CAUSATIVE AGENT An unconventional transmissible agent closely similar to that causing scrapie of sheep and goats. Hypothetically termed a prion to denote an infectious protein, because a partially protease resistant isoform of a normal host protein, PrP, is the only detectable macromolecule associated with infectivity. RESISTANCE TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL ACTION Temperature: pH: Stable over a wide range of pH. Disinfectants: Survival: Recommended decontamination measures will reduce titres but may be incompletely effective if dealing with high titre material, when agent is protected within dried organic matter, or in tissue preserved in aldehyde fixatives. Survives in tissues post-mortem after a wide range of rendering processes. Related hamster scrapie infectivity can survive interment in soil for 3 years and dry heat of 1 hour at temperatures as high as 360°C. EPIDEMIOLOGY The incidence during the course of the epidemic in Great Britain has been low. Within affected herds the maximum annual incidence was 3%.

34. Guardian Unlimited | Special Reports | Special Report: BSE And CJD Ongoing collection of news, commentary, audio, graphics and interactive guides about bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and variant CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (CJD). http://www.guardian.co.uk/bse/0,8250,388290,00.html

@import url(/external/styles/global/0,14250,,00.css); Skip to main content Read today's paper Sign in Register Go to: Guardian Unlimited home UK news World news Newsblog Archive search Arts Books Business EducationGuardian.co.uk Film Football The Guide Jobs Life MediaGuardian.co.uk Money The Observer Online Politics Shopping SocietyGuardian.co.uk Sport Talk Travel Audio Email services Special reports The Guardian The northerner The wrap Advertising guide Crossword Soulmates dating Headline service Syndication services Events / offers Help / contacts Feedback Information GNL press office Living our values Newsroom Reader Offers Style guide Travel offers TV listings Weather Web guides Working at GNL Guardian Weekly Money Observer Public Home UK Business Online ... Quiz Search this site Go to... BSE and CJD article archive Special report: what's wrong with our food? BSE inquiry links Official site DEFRA website EU response Chronology of BSE ... Related sites Queniborough Summary of investigation Presentation to health authority meeting Victims Human BSE foundation Other BSE links British Medical Journal CJD page Health Department BSE page Ministry of Agriculture BSE page The UK CJD Disease Surveillance Unit ... January 2002: report on vCJD in the future - Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology Cartoon Steve Bell on the BSE report Latest Theory ties vCJD to Indian funerals September 2: Controversial proposal says cows may have eaten infected human remains which ended up in UK feed.

35. BSEInfo.org The Source For Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Information An information resource produced by National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, onbovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and CreutzfeldtJakob Disease (CJD) http://www.bseinfo.org/

Thursday, September 08, 2005 Search BSEInfo.org About BSEInfo Industry News FAQ Scientific Resource Beef Industry Facts Links Home Home About U.S. Beef Safety Because of progressive steps taken by the U.S. government over the past 15 years, all U.S. beef is safe from BSE. BSE agent is not found in beef, firewalls protect the food supply Current science indicates that BSE is not found in the meat we commonly eat, such as steaks, roasts and ground beef. After years of research, scientists have never found BSE infectivity in beef muscle or fat. The most recent firewall established by USDA and FDA ensures that all material that could potentially carry the BSE agent (such as brain and spinal cord) does not enter the food supply. America’s cattlemen remain committed to a simple goal: Continuing to produce the world’s safest beef. Cattlemen are family farmers who produce beef served on tables around the world and to their own families. U.S. beef producers have worked with federal authorities for more than 15 years to set up the system of science- based firewalls that is working today to keep the food supply safe. Joint Statement from USDA and FDA, Investigation Results for Texas Cow that Tested Positive for BSE, August 30, 2005

36. Health And Consumer Protection - BSE - BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY (BSE) - Health bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). Information for consumers - GUIDE.Second edition - 29.10.1996. The announcement made by the United Kingdom http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/bse/bse07_en.html

IMPORTANT LEGAL NOTICE - The information on this site is subject to a and a Health Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) Information for consumers - GUIDE Second edition - 29.10.1996 The announcement made by the United Kingdom authorities on 20 March 1996 that a link between bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and Creutzfeldt-Jacob Disease (CJD) could not be ruled out provoked an unprecedented crisis of confidence among European consumers with regard to beef and bovine products. Since then, a flood of contradictory and often incomplete information has merely amplified these concerns. It is appropriate, then, to inform consumers about the situation and the measures to reinforce consumer safety which have been taken or which are envisaged in the framework of the European Union and to try to outline the scientific uncertainties at the root of the crisis. This briefing, which incorporates, updates and supplements the guide of 28 May 1996, and which was prepared by the Interdepartmental Working Party established by the Commission on 27 March 1996, sets out to do just that. Download/view the PDF file (68 KB) HEALTH BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY

37. Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) In Nort BSE is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle. It is whatis known as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/bseesbindexe.sh

datestamp='2005-05-22' Quick Pick By Commodity / Key Topic Animal health Biotechnology Dairy Eggs Employment Opportunities Feeds Fertilizers Fish and Seafood Food Recalls Forestry Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Grains Honey Horticulture Meat Hygiene Pet Imports Plant Biosafety Plant Breeder's Rights Potatoes Processed Products Publications Retail Food/Labelling Seeds Variety Registration Veterinary Biologics Main Page - Animal Products Main Page - Animal Health BSE in North America ... International Activities / Trade Canadian Food Inspection Agency Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ( BSE ) in North America To receive notifications of updates to this issue, join the e-mail subscription list Public inquiries: 1-800-442-2342 The protection of public health, food safety and animal health has been and continues to be a fundamental concern for the Government of Canada. In relation to BSE , the Government of Canada, through Health Canada and the Canadian Food Inspection Agency ( CFIA ), have responded to the challenges presented by developing a comprehensive suite of internationallyrecognized, science-based measures to effectively minimize the likelihood of exposure, amplification and spread of BSE within the cattle population and to protect consumers from the associated human health risks.

38. Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Animal Health - Disease Information - Bovine S bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or Mad Cow Disease, is a progressive,fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle. http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/anima/heasan/disemala/bseesb/bseesbe.shtml

datestamp='2005-09-06' Quick Pick By Commodity / Key Topic Animal health Biotechnology Dairy Eggs Employment Opportunities Feeds Fertilizers Fish and Seafood Food Recalls Forestry Fresh Fruits and Vegetables Grains Honey Horticulture Meat Hygiene Pet Imports Plant Biosafety Plant Breeder's Rights Potatoes Processed Products Publications Retail Food/Labelling Seeds Variety Registration Veterinary Biologics Main Page - Animal Products Main Page - Animal Health Act and Regulations Animal Welfare / Transportation of Animals Canadian Animal Health Consultative Committee (CAHCC) Disease Control ... Offices Canadian Food Inspection Agency Animal Products Animal Health and Production Division Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) BSE or "Mad Cow Disease" is a progressive, fatal disease of the nervous system of cattle. It is what is known as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Other TSE s include scrapie in sheep, chronic wasting disease in deer and elk, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. Although the exact cause of BSE is unknown, it is associated with the presence of an abnormal protein called a prion. There is no treatment or vaccine currently available for the disease.

39. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is afatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle, which infects by a mechanism http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_spongiform_encephalopathy

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$225,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Bovine spongiform encephalopathy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. BSE prion Scientific classification (unranked) Prion (unranked) Mammalian prion (unranked) BSE prion Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE ), commonly known as mad cow disease , is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle , which infects by a mechanism that shocked biologists on its discovery in late 20th century and appears transmissible to humans. While never having killed cattle on a scale comparable to other dreaded livestock diseases, such as foot and mouth and rinderpest , BSE has attracted wide attention because of its apparent transmissibility and lethality to humans, as well as for the nature of the mental decay it causes. Contents Infectious agent The BSE epidemic in British cattle UK epidemic and UK licensed medicines BSE in North America ... edit Infectious agent Unlike other kinds of infectious disease which are spread by microbes , the infectious agent in BSE is a specific type of protein . Misshaped ("misfolded") prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain . BSE is a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). TSEs can arise in animals that carry a rare

40. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia USACHPPM Mainbovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was first diagnosed in Great Britain in 1986 . Questions and Answers about bovine spongiform encephalopathy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad_cow_disease

Wikimedia needs your help in the final day of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$240,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Bovine spongiform encephalopathy From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Mad cow disease BSE prion Scientific classification (unranked) Prion (unranked) Mammalian prion (unranked) BSE prion Bovine spongiform encephalopathy BSE ), commonly known as mad cow disease , is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of cattle , which infects by a mechanism that shocked biologists on its discovery in late 20th century and appears transmissible to humans. While never having killed cattle on a scale comparable to other dreaded livestock diseases, such as foot and mouth and rinderpest , BSE has attracted wide attention because of its apparent transmissibility and lethality to humans, as well as for the nature of the mental decay it causes. Contents Infectious agent The BSE epidemic in British cattle UK epidemic and UK licensed medicines BSE in North America ... edit Infectious agent Unlike other kinds of infectious disease which are spread by microbes , the infectious agent in BSE is a specific type of protein . Misshaped ("misfolded") prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain . BSE is a type of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). TSEs can arise in animals that carry a rare

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