61. Avian Botulism: Overview - Environment Canada Avian botulism has had destructive effects on birds for a considerable time, For avian botulism to occur, a virus must first infect type C Clostridium http://www.pnr-rpn.ec.gc.ca/nature/migratorybirds/avianb/ce00s02.en.html

Français Contact Us Help Search ... Back to Migratory Bird Section Avian Botulism: Overview Radio-marked female Mallard; Photo: Trent Bollinger, Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre History Causes Frequently Asked Questions Where does it occur? What are the signs? Is it always fatal? Are other species susceptible? ... What can be done History Avian botulism has had destructive effects on birds for a considerable time, and undoubtedly predates written records. During the early part of this century, a die-off of "millions" of waterfowl was encountered in the Great Salt Lake area of the United States. Because early observations occurred on alkaline lakes in areas of western North America, the phenomenon was suspected of being a form of alkali poisoning and became known as Western Duck Sickness. It wasn't until a quarter of a century later that the cause of these die-offs was determined to be botulism poisoning. Top Causes For avian botulism to occur, a virus must first infect type C

62. InteliHealth: Botulism InteliHealth Featuring Harvard Medical School s consumer health information. For more than 550 diseases and conditions, learn What Is It?, Symptoms, http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/10430.html

chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_home_mo_1','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_home-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_comm_mo_2','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_comm-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_dental_mo_3','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_dental-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_drug_mo_4','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_drug-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_askexpert_mo_5','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_askexpert-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_medical_mo_6','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_medical-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_chats_mo_7','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_chats-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifchr_mid_but_news_mo_8','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/c/chr_mid_but_news-o.gif'); chrome_imgPreload('gifChr_mid_but_privacy_mo_9','http://img.intelihealth.com/i/C/Chr_mid_but_privacy-o.gif'); Advertisement Botulism What Is It? Symptoms Diagnosis Expected Duration ... Additional Info What Is It? Botulism is a form of poisoning caused by exposure to Clostridium botulinum bacteria. These bacteria manufacture a chemical poison known as botulinum toxin that interferes with muscle function in many areas of the body, causing paralysis of individual muscles or groups of muscles. Exposure to this toxin is life threatening, since one of the muscles it can paralyze is the diaphragm, the muscle that controls breathing.

63. Botulism botulism can be controlled with awareness of the types of botulism, conditions affecting the growth of the toxinproducing spores, symptoms, treatment and http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/foodnut/09305.html

@import "/styles/coopext_adv.css"; no. 9.305 Botulism by P. Kendall Quick Facts... Colorado has one of the highest incidences of botulism in the United States because of soil and high altitude. Conditions that favor botulism include a high-moisture, low-salt, low-acid environment in which food is stored without oxygen or refrigeration. Anaerobic conditions can develop in canned foods, smoked fish, sausages and some cooked foods. Botulism can be controlled in home-canned foods if home canners are made aware of the dangers and how to prevent it. Four classifications are being used currently in the United States to discuss botulism in humans. These are 1) food-borne botulism , caused by consuming food containing botulinal toxin 2) infant botulism , caused by production of botulinal toxin after germination and growth of the spores within the infant's intestines; 3) wound botulism , resulting from germination and growth of Clostridium botulinum within a wound; and 4) undetermined botulism , occurring in persons older than 12 months, in which no food or wound is implicated. The majority of reported cases of botulism have traditionally been food-borne in nature. In recent years around 30 cases per year have been reported.

64. Botulism botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. http://www.seekwellness.com/nutrition/botulism.htm

(clostridium botulinum) document.write(''); home wellness pelvic health other conditions ... contact us // syntax: swSlideMenu(id, dir, left, top, width, height) new swSlideMenu('menu1', 'down', 230, 91, 180, 350); new swSlideMenu('menu2', 'down', 295, 91, 180, 350); new swSlideMenu('menu3', 'down', 381, 91, 180, 350); new swSlideMenu('menu4', 'down', 487, 91, 180, 350); home wellness nutrition food safety botulism fall prevention fitness health consumerism mental health ... listeriosis botulism (clostridium botulinum) Sponsors WHAT IS CLIMAX CONTROL? LEARN MORE ORDER NOW ... ORDER NOW Frequently Asked Questions What is botulism? Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . There are three main kinds of botulism. Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin. Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum . Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. Foodborne botulism can be especially dangerous because many people can be poisoned by eating a contaminated food.

65. Ontario Ministry Of Health And Long-Term Care - Healthcare Providers - Publicati There are three main kinds of botulism Food borne, Wound and Intestinal Wound botulism symptoms are similar to food borne symptoms (except there is no http://www.health.gov.on.ca/english/providers/pub/disease/botulism.html

Public Information Health Care Providers News Media Text Only Version DISEASES : Botulism This information requires knowledgeable interpretation and is intended primarily for use by health care workers and facilities/organizations providing health care including pharmacies, hospitals, long-term care facilities, community-based health care service providers and pre-hospital emergency services. Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . The mortality rate is approximately 14 per cent. There are three main kinds of botulism: Food borne, Wound and Intestinal (infant and adult). Symptoms Food borne Initially symptoms of food borne botulism may include vomiting and/or diarrhea followed by one or more of: ptosis (drooping of eyelids), visual disturbance, dilated and fixed pupils, dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), dry mouth and dysphonia (difficulty speaking). These symptoms may extend to a descending symmetrical flaccid paralysis in an alert afebrile person. Constipation is a common symptom later in presentation. Wound Wound botulism symptoms are similar to food borne symptoms (except there is no vomiting and/or diarrhea). The presence of a wound is also useful to note.

66. Ontario Ministry Of Health And Long-Term Care - Public Information - Publication There are three main kinds of botulism. Foodborne botulism is caused by eating Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with http://www.health.gov.on.ca/english/public/pub/disease/botulism.html

Public Information Health Care Providers News Media Text Only Version DISEASES : Botulism Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum There are three main kinds of botulism. Food-borne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin. Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum . Intestinal (infant and adult) botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. Food-borne botulism can be especially dangerous because many people can be poisoned by eating contaminated food from the same source. Symptoms The symptoms of botulism include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Infants with botulism appear lethargic, feed poorly, are constipated have a weak cry and poor muscle tone. These are all symptoms of the muscle paralysis caused by the bacterial toxin. If untreated, these symptoms may progress to cause paralysis of the head, neck, arms, respiratory muscles, torso and legs. In food-borne botulism, symptoms generally begin 12 to 36 hours after eating a contaminated food, but they can occur as early as six hours or as late as 10 days. Vomiting and constipation or diarrhea may be present initially. Diagnosis Physicians may consider the diagnosis if the patient's history and physical examination suggest botulism. However, these clues are usually not enough to allow a diagnosis of botulism. Other diseases and conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, stroke, and myasthenia gravis can appear similar to botulism, and special tests may be needed to exclude these other possibilities.

67. Infant Botulism Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, which then grow in the intestines and release nerve toxin. http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/954986597.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Children's Health Infections/Infectious Diseases By keywords: infection Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Infant Botulism What is infant botulism? Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum , which then grow in the intestines and release nerve toxin. It predominantly affects infants (children under 1 year of age), although it may affect adults who have an altered gastrointestinal environment, either through surgery or antibiotic therapy. What are the symptoms of infant botulism? The initial symptoms of infant botulism are constipation, poor feeding, listlessness and lethargy. The weakness is symmetric, and may progress over a period of 1 to 4 days, although sometimes symptoms progress in a matter of hours. There is no fever, unless a secondary infection is present. There is a wide spectrum of severity of symptoms, ranging from mild illness to "floppy baby syndrome" and possible death. How soon do symptoms appear?

68. Foodborne Botulism Foodborne botulism is a serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin produced by a bacterium. It is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism http://healthlink.mcw.edu/article/954986455.html

Search Articles: search tips Please Take the HealthLink Survey Email this article Print this article Find related articles: By topic: Infections/Infectious Diseases By keywords: infection Receive Health Link via email! Subscribe now >> Foodborne Botulism What is foodborne botulism? Foodborne botulism is a serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. It is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin. This toxin may not give a bad odor or taste to food. The disease most often develops after consuming improperly processed home-preserved foods that are inadequately cooked before consumption. However, commercial foods and restaurants are still occasional sources. What are the symptoms of foodborne botulism? Foodborne botulism affects the nervous system. Symptoms are symmetric and often include blurred or double vision, drooping eyelids, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, slurred speech, and muscle weakness. Fever is absent, unless there is a complicating infection. If untreated, these symptoms may progress to cause paralysis of the arms, legs, trunk and breathing muscles and death. How soon do symptoms appear?

69. Howstuffworks "How Does Botulism Work?" How does botulism work? I have heard that infants can get botulism poisoning from honey. Why can t infants eat honey? http://science.howstuffworks.com/question214.htm

TCDA("cc=oth; dt"); Auto Stuff Science Stuff Health Stuff Entertainment Stuff ... Shop for Stuff Top Subjects Car Engines Lock Picking Nuclear Bombs Tattoos ... Gas Turbine Engines Sponsored By: Subjects Earth Science Engineering Life Science Military ... Browse the Science Library Explore Stuff Lidrock.com Stuffo.com Big List of Articles Get the Newsletter ... ShortStuff How does botulism work? "Don't feed honey to babies" is one of those things-you-ought-to-know rules (like "don't mix ammonia with chlorine" and "don't use beach sand when making concrete") that needs more publicity because it is so important. The word botulism describes a type of poisoning. A strain of bacteria called Clostridium botulinum creates a protein called botulin , and this protein is the cause of botulism. Botulin invades excitatory nerve cells where they meet with muscle fibers and blocks the junction so no signals can get through. The result is paralysis , and in severe cases it totally immobilizes and can kill the patient. Botulism bacteria are common in nature, but they are killed by oxygen. Therefore, the bacteria form spores that protect them from oxygen, and these spores activate once they get into

70. Tetanus And Botulism University of WisconsinMadison Department of Bacteriology. The article has been moved to a new website. Please go to Clostridia Tetanus and botulism. http://www.bact.wisc.edu/Bact330/lecturetetbot

Bacteriology at UW-Madison Bacteriology 330 Home Page The Pathogenic Clostridia Kenneth Todar University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology The article has been moved to a new website. Please go to Clostridia: Tetanus and Botulism

71. Encyclopaedia Topic : Botulism, Section : Introduction botulism is a rare and dangerous infection caused by a soil germ called Clostridium botulinum The disease produced by this toxin is called botulism. http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=68

72. ► Botulism A medical encycopedia article on the topic botulism. http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/000598.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Disease Nutrition Surgery Symptoms Injury ... Encyclopedia (English) Toggle English Spanish Botulism Overview Symptoms Treatment Prevention Definition: Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . The bacterium may enter the body through wounds , or they may live in improperly canned or preserved food. Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Clostridium is found in soil and untreated water throughout the world. It produces spores that survive in improperly preserved or canned food, where they produce toxin. When eaten, even minute amounts of this toxin can lead to severe poisoning. The foods most commonly contaminated are home-canned vegetables, cured pork and ham, smoked or raw fish, and honey or corn syrup. Botulism may also occur if the organism enters open wounds and produces toxin there. Infant botulism is a special type in which living bacteria or its spores are ingested and grow within the infant's gastrointestinal tract. The most common cause of infant botulism is from the ingestion of honey or corn syrup. Clostridium also occurs normally in the stool of some infants.

73. Botulism Guide A fact sheet on botulism. The symptoms of foodborne botulism usually occur 18 to 36 hours after eating the contaminated food. http://www.umm.edu/bioterrorism/botulism.htm

var MenuLinkedBy='AllWebMenus [2]', awmBN='530'; awmAltUrl=''; Bioterrorism Anthrax Botulism Plague ... Smallpox Related Resources Within UMM Bioterrorism Information Geographic Medicine Infectious Diseases Oral Anthrax Vaccine Outside UMM Centers for Disease Control National Library of Medicine World Health Organization Translate using Google to Spanish German French Italian Portuguese Bioterrorism Botulism What is botulism? Botulism, a paralytic illness, is rare, but can cause serious, paralyzing symptoms and may be fatal. The disease is caused by a nerve toxin formed from a group of bacteria, called Clostridium botulinum, which are found in soil. There are seven known botulism toxins, but only toxins type A, B, E, and F are seen as being harmful to humans. From the four toxins that are known to be harmful to humans, there are three kinds of botulism, characterized differently due to their means of exposure: foodborne botulism This type of botulism is caused by eating food contaminated with a botulism toxin. Foodborne botulism can affect a great number of people poisoned by eating contaminated food. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers botulism one of the four most likely pathogens to be used in biological warfare (a state in which infectious agents or toxic chemicals are being used as a weapon of mass destruction).

74. Botulism The infant botulism syndrome is an infectious neuroparalytic disease Infant botulism typically affects previously well infants within the first 4 to 6 http://home.coqui.net/myrna/botu.htm

Infant Botulism The infant botulism syndrome is an infectious neuroparalytic disease resulting from the ingestion of spores of Clostridium botulinum which germinate, multiply and produce botulinal toxin within the infant’s large intestine. First described in 1976 it has now been reported from all inhabited continents except Africa. The clinical features include constipation, poor feeding, weakness, hypotonia, dysphagia and in severe cases, flaccid paralysis and respiratory failure. The pediatrician should keep in mind this rare entity, for prompt treatment. Back to PB Index Back to PB Homepage

75. Frozen, Fully-Cooked Products & Botulism FSIS fact sheets, publications, and web pages about foodborne illnesses (bacterial, viral, or parasitic).. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Frozen_Fully_Cooked_Products_&_Botulism/ind

All FSIS Dockets Docket Comments Export Information Training All USDA Information For... Constituent Groups FSIS Employees You are here: Home Fact Sheets In August and September 2001, several cases of botulism, a life-threatening illness caused by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum , were reported in the United States. Frozen, fully-cooked products were suspected of causing these illnesses. The Food Safety and Inspection Service advises all consumers to handle frozen, fully-cooked products in accordance with these food safety recommendations. In the Store Before buying frozen, fully-cooked products, carefully inspect the container or package. If the package is punctured, torn, partially opened, or damaged in any other way that might expose the contents to the outside environment, do NOT purchase the product. Do not purchase frozen products that appear to have thawed and refrozen. Reject all swollen or gassy containers or spoiled foods. Buy food from reputable dealers, with a known record of safe handling. Buy frozen products only if they are frozen solid and only if stored in the freezer case. Observe any use-by or sell-by dates on the package.

76. Botulism Fact Sheet botulism is poisoning from eating a toxin formed in food contaminated with the spores of a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum. http://www.metrokc.gov/health/prevcont/botulism.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers Care Providers Homepage For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY: 206-296-4931 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Communicable disease facts Botulism Communicable Diseases and Epidemiology Botulism fact sheet What is botulism? What are the symptoms? How is it spread? Diagnosis and treatment ... Prevention What is botulism? It is poisoning from eating a toxin formed in food contaminated with the spores of a bacteria called Clostridium botulinum . These spores are widespread in the environment, but are harmless when oxygen is present. They may produce the toxin if they are an environment that contains no oxygen, such as inside a can or jar of improperly canned food. What are the symptoms? Symptoms start 12-36 hours and sometimes several days after eating a contaminated food and include: blurred vision dry mouth paralysis of the muscles, especially those muscles that control the face, swallowing, and breathing

77. Botulism: Information For Health Care Providers Report all suspected cases of botulism immediately to Public Health Seattle King botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by botulinum toxin. http://www.metrokc.gov/health/bioterrorism/facts/botulism-providers.htm

Site Directory Public Health Webpage Directory For Care Providers For Health Care Providers For Educators Health Educators Toolbox About Us Jobs Employee Directory Contact Us Public Health 999 3rd Ave, Ste. 1200 Seattle, WA 98104 Phone: 206-296-4600 TTY Relay: 711 Click here to email us Subscribe to Free Email Alerts! Click here to learn more Successful Search Tips Home Bioterrorism Botulism facts for health care providers Bioterrorism preparedness Botulism: Information for health care providers Botulism facts also available in Adobe PDF format Adobe Acrobat Reader must be installed on your computer to open PDFs. Click the icon at the left to download and install Reader for free. Epidemiology Microbiology and pathogenesis Clinical presentation Infection control ... Web resources Epidemiology Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by botulinum toxin. Spores are present in soil and may be found on agricultural products. Exposure to preformed toxin may occur through ingestion, inhalation, or breaks in the skin. Infant botulism is the most common form.

78. Avian Botulism Avian botulism, or Western duck sickness, is one of the three most important More than a million deaths from avian botulism have been reported in http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/facts/avian.html

Avian Botulism What Is Avian Botulism? How Serious Is It? Where Does It Occur? What Species Are Affected? ... Dedication Selecting any thumbnail image will display a full-sized version of the graphic. What Is Avian Botulism? Avian botulism, or Western duck sickness, is one of the three most important disease problems of wild migratory birds. Each year, many birds are paralyzed or die after exposure to a toxin produced by the botulinum bacterium. Two of the seven toxin types that have been identified commonly cause mortality in wild birds; one of these, type C, is most often associated with dieoffs of ducks, while type E primarily affects gulls and loons. How Serious Is It? Losses vary from year to year and from species to species. A few hundred birds may die one year at a specific location, with tens of thousands dying the following year at the same site. More than a million deaths from avian botulism have been reported in localized outbreaks in a single year. Outbreaks causing losses of 50,000 or more birds are fairly common. Initial Outbreaks of Type C Botulism in Wild Waterfowl Americas United States Europe-Africa Denmark Canada Great Britain Uruguay Netherlands Mexico Germany Australia-Asia Australia Italy New Zealand Spain Japan South Africa A Montana marsh experiences an outbreak of type C avian botulism.

79. NWHC: Avian Botulism Fact Sheet Avian botulism is a paralytic disease caused by ingestion of a toxin produced by the A cycle develops in a botulism outbreak when fly larvae (maggots), http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/facts/botulism.html

Avian Botulism Cause Bacteria Clostridium botulinum , Types C and E toxins Host Type C toxin: waterfowl, shorebirds, colonial waterbirds, and others Type E toxin: gulls, loons, and others Transmission Avian botulism is a paralytic disease caused by ingestion of a toxin produced by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum . This bacteria is widespread in soil and requires warm temperatures, a protein source and an anaerobic (no oxygen) environment in order to become active and produce toxin. Decomposing vegetation and invertebrates combined with warm temperatures can provide ideal conditions for the botulism bacteria to activate and produce toxin. There are several types of toxin produced by strains of this bacteria with birds being most commonly affected by type C and to a lesser extent type E. Birds either ingest the toxin directly or may eat invertebrates (e.g. chironomids, fly larvae) containing the toxin. Invertebrates are not affected by the toxin and store it in their body. A cycle develops in a botulism outbreak when fly larvae (maggots), feed on animal carcasses and ingest toxin. Ducks that consume toxin-laden maggots can develop botulism after eating as few as 3 or 4 maggots. Clinical Signs/Field Signs Healthy birds, affected birds, and dead birds in various stages of decay are commonly found in the same area. The toxin affects the nervous system by preventing impulse transmission to muscles which results in flaccid paralysis. Consequently, birds are unable to use their wings and legs normally or control the third eyelid, neck muscles, and other muscles. Birds with paralyzed neck muscles cannot hold their heads up and often drown. Death can also result from water deprivation, electrolyte imbalance, respiratory failure, or predation.

80. Botulism : The Department Of Health - P&G: Health Topics: Botulism botulism is caused by botulinum toxin, which is a poison produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. In most cases, the symptoms are caused not by the http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HealthAndSocialCareTopics/Botulism/fs/en

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