41. Botulism How to prevent botulism food poisoning. Proper methods of canning low acid home canned foods. Safe food handling storage and preparation. http://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HGIC3680.htm

HGIC 3680 http://hgic.clemson.edu Botulism WHAT IS BOTULISM? Botulism is a food poisoning caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum C. botulinum and its spores are everywhere. It is prevalent in soil and water worldwide. The bacteria and spores themselves are harmless; however, when they grow, they create a highly toxic poison that can lead to extreme illness and even death. The spores must have an oxygen-depleted, low-acid environment in which to grow, and prefer temperatures between 40 °F and 120 °F. This organism can easily grow in improperly stored home-cooked or commercial foods, as well as in canned foods that have not been prepared with proper canning procedures. During the canning process, oxygen is removed from the container and if the proper temperatures to destroy the spores are not reached, the spores now have the proper environment to grow into vegetative cells and eventually produce the deadly toxin. WHO GETS BOTULISM? Foodborne botulism is due to ingestion of a toxin formed in food. One of the most common culprits in foodborne botulism is home canned foods, especially low-acid foods such as asparagus, corn, green beans, lima beans, mushrooms, peppers, sauces, soups, meats, fish and poultry. More than 90 percent of foodborne botulism outbreaks between 1976 and 1985 were due to home-processed foods. Commercial foods have also been involved in botulism outbreaks. Some outbreaks have been attributed to improperly handled food, such as potato salad, served in restaurants. But many commercial food outbreaks are due to consumer mishandling, such as disregarding labels that indicate the food should be refrigerated. Some food companies acidify their products or lower their moisture content as an extra precautionary measure in case the refrigeration warning is not heeded. Consumers can best protect themselves by reading the labels and following the storage instructions and by discarding rusty, swollen or otherwise damaged cans.

42. CDC Botulism | Emergency Preparedness & Response Examines botulism used as a biological weapon. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/botulism/

@import url(/css/newbrowsers.css); @import url(/css/newbrowsers-lmr.css); Welcome to the CDC Emergency Preparedness and Response site. Skip directly to the search box site navigation , or content Note: If you can read this text, you are probably using a browser that is not compliant with current Internet standards. You may want to upgrade your browser CDC Home About CDC Press Room ... Contact Us Search: Home Bioterrorism Agents Chemical Emergencies Mass Casualties ... Bioterrorism Agents Botulism On this page: General Info Treatment/Infection Control Specimen Collection/Laboratory Testing Surveillance and Investigation ... Video: "The History of Bioterrorism: Botulism" Describes the threat of botulism as a weapon of bioterrorism Dec 23, 2003 Facts About Botulism Botulism: Disease Information From the Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, NCID, CDC Botulism in the United States 1899-1996: Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians and Laboratory Workers PDF (505 MB/43 pages) Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management JAMA 2001;285(8):1059-1070. Sentinel Laboratory Guidelines for Suspected Agents of Bioterrorism: Botulinum Toxin PDF (150 KB/4 pages) ail lrn@cdc.gov

43. Botulism Fact Sheet Provides a fact sheet for botulism. http://www.vdh.state.va.us/epi/botuf.htm

Botulism (foodborne botulism and infant botulism) What is botulism? Botulism is a food poisoning caused by a toxin produced by bacteria known as Clostridium botulinum. Who gets botulism? Foodborne botulism is due to eating the toxin. It often involves improperly processed home canned foods. Infant botulism has been associated with eating honey that contains the bacterial spores. Light and dark corn syrups have also been reported to contain the spores, although cases of infant botulism have not been linked to corn syrup. How is botulism spread? You cannot get botulism from another person. A person must eat contaminated food that has not been properly cooked or reheated. With infant botulism, an infant must eat bacterial spores and then the bacteria produce the toxin in the gastrointestinal tract. What are the symptoms of botulism? Foodborne and infant botulism produce symptoms that affect the nervous system. The symptoms of foodborne botulism include blurred or double vision, dry mouth, and muscle paralysis that may affect breathing. About 15% of persons with foodborne botulism die. Infant botulism has a wide range of symptoms including constipation, listlessness, weakness, difficulty breathing, poor feeding and poor reflexes. About 2% of the cases of infant botulism die. How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?

44. Botulism - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulism

Wikimedia needs your help in the final day of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$240,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Botulism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Botulism (from Latin botulus , "sausage") is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin botulin , that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . Botulin is the most potent known toxin, blocking nerve function and leading to respiratory and musculoskeletal paralysis There are three main kinds of botulism: Foodborne botulism is a form of foodborne illness and is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. Foodborne botulism can be especially dangerous as a public health problem because many people can be poisoned from a single contaminated food source.

45. Infant Botulism Includes causes, foods associated with the disease, symptoms, and prevention. http://www.kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/botulism.html

KidsHealth Parents Infections Infant botulism is an illness that can occur when a newborn ingests a specific type of bacteria that produce a toxin inside the body. The condition can be frightening because it can cause muscle weakness and breathing problems. But it is very rare: Fewer than 100 cases of infant botulism occur each year in the United States. Most of the babies who do get botulism recover fully. Infant botulism is treatable, but because of its severity, it's important to learn the symptoms so you can recognize the illness early. It's also important to know that honey and corn syrup are known sources of the bacteria that cause botulism. For this reason, it's a good idea to avoid giving your baby honey or pure doses of corn syrup. This illness typically affects babies who are between 3 weeks and 6 months old, but they are susceptible to it until their first birthdays. What Is Infant Botulism? Infant botulism can occur when a child ingests a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum that is in dirt and dust and can contaminate honey.

46. Infant Botulism - DrGreene.com Pediatric expert Dr. Alan Greene warns of the dangers of feeding babies honey. http://www.drgreene.com/21_825.html

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47. Infant Botulism Infant botulism is an illness that can occur when a newborn ingests a specific type of bacteria that produce a toxin inside the body. http://kidshealth.org/parent/infections/bacterial_viral/botulism.html

KidsHealth Parents Infections Infant botulism is an illness that can occur when a newborn ingests a specific type of bacteria that produce a toxin inside the body. The condition can be frightening because it can cause muscle weakness and breathing problems. But it is very rare: Fewer than 100 cases of infant botulism occur each year in the United States. Most of the babies who do get botulism recover fully. Infant botulism is treatable, but because of its severity, it's important to learn the symptoms so you can recognize the illness early. It's also important to know that honey and corn syrup are known sources of the bacteria that cause botulism. For this reason, it's a good idea to avoid giving your baby honey or pure doses of corn syrup. This illness typically affects babies who are between 3 weeks and 6 months old, but they are susceptible to it until their first birthdays. What Is Infant Botulism? Infant botulism can occur when a child ingests a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum that is in dirt and dust and can contaminate honey.

48. Botulism botulism is a rare kind of food poisoning. Find out more in this article for kids. http://kidshealth.org/kid/health_problems/infection/botulism.html

KidsHealth Kids Kids' Health Problems Infections Have you heard of food poisoning? It may sound strange, but you can be poisoned by food, especially food that wasn't cooked or preserved properly. Botulism (say: bah -chuh-lih-zum) is a serious kind of food poisoning, but fortunately it's also very rare. Only about 100 people get it every year in the United States. About 295 million people live in the United States, so that's not very many. What Is Botulism? Botulism can be caused by foods that were canned or preserved at home. Maybe you've had fruits or vegetables that someone picked from the garden in the summer and jarred so they could be eaten during the winter months. These foods need to be cooked at very high temperatures to kill the germs. If not, bacteria called Clostridium botulinum could cause botulism in the people who eat the food. You can't see, smell, or taste this bacteria, but it releases a poison, also called a toxin . This toxin travels through the blood to attach to the nerves that control muscles. Six hours to 8 days after eating contaminated food, the person may get sick. Many botulism cases occur in infants, and experts think that's because their digestive systems can't protect them from germs the way an older kid's or an adult's digestive system can. Infant botulism can happen if a baby younger than 1 year eats honey, so it's important that babies don't eat honey until they're older.

49. Infant Botulism Treatment And Prevention Program Official sites for physicians to obtain BabyBIG, an FDA approved orphant drug for treatment of infant botulism type A and B. Also provides parent support forum and medical/clinical information on the disease. http://www.infantbotulism.org

50. Botulism - Center For Biosecurity Of UPMC - Bioterrorism, Biodefense, Public Hea BW AGENTS botulism. botulism. Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about botulism (2005) JAMA. 1999;285(8). CDC Current botulism Information. http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/pages/agents/botulism.html

home CENTER mission program staff contact information newsroom BW AGENTS anthrax botulism plague smallpox ... vhf PUBLICATIONS original articles biosecurity journal biosecurity bulletin RESOURCES hearings leadership guide book reviews reading list ... internet resources EVENTS upcoming events center events Botulism Answers to Frequently Asked Questions about Botulism (2005) JAMA CDC: Current Botulism Information

51. HPA - Infections | Botulism botulism is caused by botulinum toxin which is a poison produced by the bacterium There are three naturally occurring forms of botulism – foodborne http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_az/botulism/menu.htm

Skip navigation menu Search Advanced Search Home About Us Topics A-Z ... Contact Us Infectious Diseases Infections A-Z list HPA Centre for Infections Services and Activities Bioinformatics ... STBRL Key Functions Infectious Diseases Radiation Emergency Response Business Activities Botulism Botulism is caused by botulinum toxin which is a poison produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum Gastrointestinal Botulism General information Epidemiological data Laboratory Services View the same page for: Please choose: Adenovirus Aeromonas Astrovirus Bacillus Calicivirus Campylobacter Cholera Clostridium perfringens Cryptosporidium E. coli O157

52. Biological Warfare Defense Information Sheet The disease botulism may be familiar as a hazard of eating improperly canned and botulism is caused by a toxin of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. http://www.emergency.com/botulism.htm

Biological Warfare Defense Information Sheet Botulism General Information: The disease "botulism" may be familiar as a hazard of eating improperly canned and undercooked foods. Botulism is caused by a toxin of the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. Botulism toxin is one of the most toxic substances known. It acts by inhibiting nerve impulses and produces progressive paralysis often leading to death if untreated. Specific symptoms are discussed below. Although botulism is normally acquired from food, it is expected that as an agent of biological warfare (BW) it would be dispersed as a toxic cloud to be inhaled by the persons under attack. Although it is possible that a terrorist might sabotage food or water with botulism toxin, a toxic cloud is a much more likely route of delivery in BW. Disinfection of contaminated articles may be accomplished using a 0.05% hypochlorite solution (1 tbps. bleach per gallon of water). The military chemical protective mask is effective against inhalation of all Biological Warfare Agents. Symptoms: There are 7 types of botulism toxin but all produce similar symptoms. Symptoms may begin about 24-36 hours after exposure, but there is evidence that symptoms may be delayed up to several days if the toxin is inhaled instead of ingested. Symptoms are characterized with a progressive paralysis from the head down with the individual remaining otherwise mentally alert and awake. The first symptoms of paralysis are drooping eyelids, dry mouth and throat, difficulty talking and swallowing, blurred and double vision. Muscle weakness progresses from the head down, eventually leading to a paralysis of the muscles used for breathing. If not treated, botulism is fatal in 60% of cases because of inability to breathe. Symptoms may progress to this point in as little as 24 hours from onset.

53. FSIS Page Not Found Food safety advisory from the USDA. http://www.fsis.usda.gov/Fact_Sheets/Frozen_Fully_Cooked_Products_&_Botulism

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54. It's Your Health - Diseases It s Your Health is a series of topical and brief publications produced by Health Canada for the public, media and special interest groups. http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/iyh/diseases/infant_botulism.html

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55. Honey: Why Isn't It Safe For Infants? - MayoClinic.com Discusses the danger of children less than one year old getting botulism from honey. http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=HQ00854

56. Harrison S Online Chapter 144 botulism is a paralytic disease that begins with cranial nerve Cases may be classified as (1) foodborne botulism, from ingestion of preformed toxin in http://www.mheducation.com/HOL2_chapters/HOL_chapters/chapter144.htm

57. Health Botulism botulism Abstract botulism What is botulism? botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/health/cwp/view.asp?A=171&Q=230317

58. Health Infant Botulism Infant botulism Abstract Infant botulism Infant botulism is a disease in which certain bacteria grow within an infant s gastrointestinal tract and produce http://www.dsf.health.state.pa.us/health/cwp/view.asp?A=171&Q=241020

59. Botulism botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is There are three main kinds of botulism. Foodborne botulism is caused by http://www.envtox.ucdavis.edu/cehs/TOXINS/botulism.htm

Botulism Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum . There are three main kinds of botulism. Foodborne botulism is caused by eating foods that contain the botulism toxin. Wound botulism is caused by toxin produced from a wound infected with Clostridium botulinum Infant botulism is caused by consuming the spores of the botulinum bacteria, which then grow in the intestines and release toxin. All forms of botulism can be fatal and are considered medical emergencies. Foodborne botulism can be especially dangerous because many people can be poisoned by eating a contaminated food. In the United States an average of 110 cases of botulism are reported each year. Of these, approximately 25% are foodborne, 72% are infant botulism, and the rest are wound botulism. Outbreaks of foodborne botulism involving two or more persons occur most years and usually caused by eating contaminated home-canned foods. The number of cases of foodborne and infant botulism has changed little in recent years, but wound botulism has increased because of the use of black-tar heroin, especially in California. The classic symptoms of botulism include double vision, blurred vision, drooping eyelids, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, dry mouth, and muscle weakness. Infants with botulism appear lethargic, feed poorly, are constipated, and have a weak cry and poor muscle tone. These are all symptoms of the muscle paralysis caused by the bacterial toxin. If untreated, these symptoms may progress to cause paralysis of the arms, legs, trunk and respiratory muscles. In foodborne botulism, symptoms generally begin 18 to 36 hours after eating a contaminated food, but they can occur as early as 6 hours or as late as 10 days.

60. Avian Botulism - Environment Canada A web site about avian botulism and research underway in Canada to better understand avian botulism and how it can be managed. http://www.pnr-rpn.ec.gc.ca/nature/migratorybirds/avianb/dc22s00.en.html

Français Contact Us Help Search ... Back to Migratory Bird Section Avian Botulism Airboat and clean-up crew; Photo: Trent Bollinger, Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre Avian botulism is a form of poisoning of wild and domestic birds caused by a toxin produced by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum (type C). It is a recurring problem, often killing many thousands of waterfowl and shorebirds. Avian botulism occurs naturally and is a leading cause of bird deaths, especially in migratory waterfowl. Ducks are most frequently affected, but avian botulism is known to affect all waterfowl, including geese and swans. Pelicans, gulls, shorebirds, raptors, and upland birds are also susceptible. Ways of effectively controlling botulism outbreaks remain uncertain. What's New About Us Topics Publications ... Canada Site The Green Lane TM , Environment Canada's World Wide Web site Last updated: 2003-12-01 Last reviewed: 2004-08-30 URL of this page: http://www.pnr-rpn.ec.gc.ca /nature/migratorybirds/avianb/dc22s00.en.html

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