21. CDC | Facts About Botulism More results from www.bt.cdc.gov eMedicine botulism Article by Joseph Kim, MDCBRNE - botulism - botulism is a paralytic disease caused by the neurotoxins of Clostridium botulinum and in rare cases, Clostridium butyricum and http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/botulism/factsheet.asp

@import url(/css/newbrowsers.css); @import url(/css/newbrowsers-lm.css); Welcome to the CDC Emergency Preparedness and Response site. Skip directly to the search box site navigation , or content Note: If you can read this text, you are probably using a browser that is not compliant with current Internet standards. You may want to upgrade your browser CDC Home About CDC Press Room ... Contact Us Search: Home Bioterrorism Agents Chemical Emergencies Mass Casualties ... Botulism Facts about Botulism (Spanish) Download PDF version formatted for print (84 KB/1 page) Botulism is a muscle-paralyzing disease caused by a toxin made by a bacterium called Clostridium botulinum There are three main kinds of botulism: Foodborne botulism occurs when a person ingests pre-formed toxin that leads to illness within a few hours to days. Foodborne botulism is a public health emergency because the contaminated food may still be available to other persons besides the patient. Infant botulism occurs in a small number of susceptible infants each year who harbor C. botulinum

22. E-Bioterrorism.com: Information About Bioterrorism And Biological Agents Offers an insight into bioterrorism and biological pathogens including anthrax, botulism, and tularemia. http://www.e-bioterrorism.com/

Healthcare professionals and scientists have carefully prepared this ALtruis Biomedical Network-affiliated site, intended for informational purposes only Partners: Anthrax Botulism Tularemia Smallpox ... Other Agents Bioterrorism is the use or threatened use of microorganisms or toxins to produce disease and/or death in humans, animals or plants. Bioterrorists undertake such actions to create fear and intimidate governments in the pursuit of idealological, political, or religious goals. Bioterrorism is insidious because biological agents are hard to detect upon covert release, they are nondiscriminate killers, and terrorists can protect themselves from the release and escape prior to the effect as it may take days to produce disease. Unlike conventional weapons, bioweapons are a relatively inexpensive means of eradicating people from an environment while preserving stuctures. At least 17 nations have offensive bioweapons programs. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and economic instability, the possibility exists that their research into weaponizing bioagents has been sold to terrorists. Weaponizing consists of processes designed to enhance delivery, stability, infectivity and/or lethality. Aerosol delivery is the most likely means of delivery for bioagents followed by water or food borne means, which are less likely due to logistics. In order to be delivered effectively by aerosol to the oral and nasal passages, particles must be very small (10 microns). They must be even smaller if they are to reach the

23. Transition Announcement This transition announcement will be maintained for a short period, so please update your links and bookmarks NOW. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

24. Avian Botulism Outbreak Could Be Worst Yet CNN http://cnn.com/2002/US/Northeast/12/08/avian.botulism.ap/index.html

25. JAMA Botulinum Toxin As A Biological Weapon Medical And Public Figure 2. SeventeenYear-Old Patient With Mild botulism Table 1. Symptoms and Signs of Foodborne botulism, Types A and B* View this table http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

26. CNN.com - Refried Beans Recalled For Botulism Risk - Oct. 22, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/US/Midwest/10/22/generalmills.recall/index.html

CNN Europe CNN Asia Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese On CNN TV Transcripts Headline News CNN International ... Special Reports SERVICES Video E-mail Newsletters CNNtoGO SEARCH Web CNN.com Refried beans recalled for botulism risk Story Tools MINNEAPOLIS, Minnesota (CNN) General Mills announced it is recalling a small batch of one variety of refried beans in five states because of possible contamination by the bacteria that causes botulism. In a press release, the company said it will recall 4,080 cans of Old El Paso Traditional Variety Refried Beans in Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri. General Mills says that batch "has the potential to be contaminated with Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria that can cause botulism." The contamination was detected after routine testing showed the batch in question may not have been heated to a high enough temperature during processing. RECALLED CANS Sold in Illinois, Iowa, Indiana, Kentucky, and Missouri. Marked with UPC Code 4600082121 and date code beginning with H2FF15. Consumers can call 1-800-300-8664 Company spokeswoman Marybeth Thorsgaard said the tests show a risk of contamination in one small batch that was processed during a short time period.

27. NORD - National Organization For Rare Disorders, Inc. Offers synonyms, a general discussion and further resources. http://www.rarediseases.org/search/rdbdetail_abstract.html?disname=Botulism

28. Botulism; Botulinum Toxin botulism Clinical features. Time course Incubation period For bioterrorist attack botulism Diagnosis. Electrodiagnostic1 http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

29. Communicable Disease Fact Sheet Communicable Disease Fact Sheet, botulism. There are three types of botulism food, wound and infant botulism. Eating food that has the botulism toxin http://www.health.state.ny.us/nysdoh/communicable_diseases/en/botulism.htm

skip to main content New York State Governor Pataki map-NY ... Department of Health Information for a Healthy New York Home Contact Help A-Z Index Search Search this site: Site Contents Health Insurance Programs Employment Opportunities Forms Grants/Funding Opportunities ... Related Sites You are Here: Home Page Communicable Disease Botulism Botulism (food-borne botulism and infant botulism) What is botulism? Botulism is a serious illness caused by a nerve toxin made by the bacterium, Clostridium botulinum. (A toxin is a poison that is released by some bacteria and viruses). There are three types of botulism: food, wound and infant botulism. Eating food that has the botulism toxin causes food-borne botulism. It often involves improperly processed home canned foods. Botulism in infants under one year of age has been associated with the intake of contaminated honey. Wound botulism occurs when Clostridium botulinum spores contaminate a wound and produce toxin. Can botulism be used as a bioterrorism threat? In the event of a bioterrorism event, people intentionally exposed who breathe in the toxin or eat the toxin in contaminated food or water might develop the illness. No information is available on the effects of breathing in the botulinum toxin but it may be similar to the food-borne illness. How is it spread?

30. CNN.com - Heinz Canada Recalls Canned Beans Due To Botulism Threat - November 23 CNN http://cnn.com/2000/WORLD/americas/11/23/bc.canada.beanrecall.ap/index.html

world americas Editions myCNN ... Feedback CNN Sites CNN CNN Europe CNNfn CNNSI myCNN CNNfyi AllPolitics Languages Search CNN.com CNNSI.com CNNfn.com The Web WORLD TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Gates pledges $100 million for AIDS Davos protesters face tear gas ... MORE TOP STORIES Thousands dead in India; quake toll rapidly rising Israelis, Palestinians make final push before Israeli election Davos protesters face tear gas MORE ... MORE MARKETS 4:30pm ET, 4/16 DJIA NAS SPORTS Jordan says farewell for the third time ... LOCAL EDITIONS: CNN.com Europe change default edition MULTIMEDIA: video video archive audio multimedia showcase ... more services E-MAIL: Subscribe to one of our news e-mail lists Enter your address: DISCUSSION: chat feedback CNN WEB SITES: CNNfyi.com CNN.com Europe AsiaNow Spanish ... Korean Headlines TIME INC. SITES: Go To ... Time.com People Money Fortune EW CNN NETWORKS: CNN anchors transcripts Turner distribution SITE INFO: help contents search ad info ... jobs WEB SERVICES: Heinz Canada recalls canned beans due to botulism threat TORONTO (AP) Heinz Canada announced Thursday it was recalling 144,000 cans of its Original Beans in Tomato Sauce due to the possibility of botulism.

31. FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Clostridium Botulinum 12. Other Resources FDA Warns Against Consuming Certain Italian Mascarpone Cream Cheese Because of Potential Serious botulism Risk (Sept. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

32. Botulism; Botulinum Toxin Foodborne botulism. Disease mechanism Related to ingestion of toxin GI colonization syndromes Usually Infants (Infant botulism) http://www.neuro.wustl.edu/neuromuscular/nother/bot.htm

Front Search Index Links ... Patient Info BOTULISM Clinical features Clostridium botulinum Diagnosis Features of subtypes ... Wound External links Biological weapon: AMA (pdf) CDC Manual (pdf) Movie Emile Van Ermengem Causative organisms Clostridium botulinum Gram positive bacilli Spore producing Produced under anaerobic conditions: Obligate Toxin production May produce all 7 toxin serotypes: A-G Genetic information Type G on plasmids Types A, B, E, and F on the bacterial chromosome Bound to hemagglutinins: ? Inhibits degradation by digestive enzymes External links: Arizona Illustration C. baratii : Produces serotype F C. butyricum : Produces serotype E 7 neurotoxic types of botulinum toxin: A , B , D , E , F , G Sequence homology (30% to 40%) to tetanus toxin Produced as a single chain protein (protoxin) with molecular weight 150 kDa Released from bacteria as part of noncovalent multimeric complex Auxiliary proteins include: Hemagglutinins (HA); Nontoxin, nonhemagglutinin (NTNH) Complex may protect toxin at low pH in GI tract Complex dissociates spontaneously at physiologic pH No direct role of auxiliary proteins in toxin-induced blockade of cholinergic transmission Cleavage of Botulinum protoxin: Into 2 chains Botulinum Toxin Type B Heavy (100 kDa) chain C-terminal region of Heavy (H) chain: Binds to surface of target nerve cells N-terminal region of H chain: Translocates L chain across membranes Light (L) chain (50 kDa) Light chains have a tetrahedral zinc binding motif: Contains Consensus HELIH amino acid sequence Common to other zinc dependent

33. Clostridium Discusses gas gangrene, tetanus, food poisoning, botulism, and pseudomembranous colitis. http://www.geocities.com/SouthBeach/Port/3008/clost.html

Clostridium Gas Gangrene,Tetanus,Food Poisoning,Pseudomembranous Colitis In General large Gram positive straight or slightly curved rods with slightly rounded ends spore bearing spore do not germinate and growth does not normally proceed unless a suitably low redox potential Eh exists saprophytes anaerobic bacilli some are commensals of the animal and human gut which invade the blood and tissue when host die and initiate the decomposition of the corpse causes diseases such as gas gangrene,tetanus,botulism and pseudomembranous colitis by producing toxins like neurotoxins which attack the neurous pathways Clostridium perfringens a) Description large Gram-positive bacilli with stubby ends capsulate non motile grown quickly on selective media can be identified by Nagler reaction which exploits the action of its phospholipase on egg york medium;colonies are surrounded by zones of turbidity and the effect is specifically inhibited if C.perfringens antiserum containing alpha antitoxin is present on the medium b) Gas gangrene the disease is characterized by rapidly spreading oedema,myositis,necrosis of tissues,gas production

34. MedlinePlus Botulism botulism http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

35. FDA/CFSAN Bad Bug Book - Clostridium Botulinum Foodborne botulism (as distinct from wound botulism and infant botulism) is a severe Foodborne botulism is the name of the disease (actually a foodborne http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~mow/chap2.html

C enter for F ood S A pplied N utrition Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Handbook Clostridium botulinum 1. Name of the organism: Clostridium botulinum Clostridium botulinum is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod that produces a potent neurotoxin. The spores are heat-resistant and can survive in foods that are incorrectly or minimally processed. Seven types (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) of botulism are recognized, based on the antigenic specificity of the toxin produced by each strain. Types A, B, E and F cause human botulism. Types C and D cause most cases of botulism in animals. Animals most commonly affected are wild fowl and poultry, cattle, horses and some species of fish. Although type G has been isolated from soil in Argentina, no outbreaks involving it have been recognized. The organism and its spores are widely distributed in nature. They occur in both cultivated and forest soils, bottom sediments of streams, lakes, and coastal waters, and in the intestinal tracts of fish and mammals, and in the gills and viscera of crabs and other shellfish. 2. Name of the Disease:

36. Toxin Can Treat Cerebral Palsy Trait CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/11/05/botulism.cerebral.palsy.ap/index.html

37. CIDRAP >> Botulism New Item, botulism cases lead to physician suspensions, company shutdown. Dec 15. New Item, Reports blame Florida botulism cases on misused toxin http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/bt/botulism/

Home About Us Center Support Contact Us ... Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: the case of botulinum toxin in milk From Proc Natl Acad Sci , published online Jun 28 Modeling attacks on the food supply Editorial pertaining to article above Botulism: Current, comprehensive information on pathogenesis, microbiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment CIDRAP-authored overview, updated Jul 1 Botulism type E outbreak associated with eating a beached whale, Alaska From Emerg Infect Dis Signs and symptoms predictive of death in patients with foodborne botulism: Republic of Georgia, 1980-2002 From Clin Infect Dis Botulism in Argentina Computer-based case study from Public Health Training Network Identification of the major steps in botulinum toxin action From Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol CDC: Telephone number to report botulism cases and request antitoxin From MMWR Management of botulism Article from Ann Pharmacother Antibody response to a delayed booster dose of anthrax vaccine and botulinum toxoid From Vaccine Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management Academic Health Center University of Minnesota

38. Aktuellt Om Botulism Om historik, symptom och behandling. http://www.e-interman.com/botulism.html

BOTULISM Bearbetning och aktualisering av 'Farsoter under förhistorisk tid' Förstasida Engelska: Botulism Franska: Botulisme Tyska: Botulismus Synonymer: Korvförgiftning Sjukdomsagens: Bakterie: Clostridium botulinum, Bacillus botulinus Smittreservoar: d jur, jord, havsslam, människa, vatten Mottagliga djur: fågel, get, häst, ko, mollusk, strömming, svin, säl Smittöverföring via: m at, vatten En födoämnesförgiftning som inte i första hand ger symptom från matsmältningsorganen utan från nervsystemet Historik Sjukdomen fick sin ofta använda benämning ”botulism” i slutet av 1800-talet när man började förmoda att köttprodukter kunde vara orsak till utbrott av sjukdomen (lat. botulus = korv). Det är rimligt att anta att redan samhällen under tidig stenålder kommit i kontakt med denna sjukdom. Geografisk förekomst Botulism förekommer över hela jorden. Sjukdomsagens Clostridum botulinum är en anaerob sporbildande bakterie som alstrar ett exotoxin som är det giftigaste ämne man känner till. Denna mycket vanliga bakterie som framförallt påträffas i jord är inte sjukdomsalstrande i sig, utan det är toxinet som orsakar sjukdom. Det bildas vid förökning i framförallt kött och fisk.

39. CIDRAP >> Botulism Resource List Bioterrorism. BIOTERRORISM botulism RESOURCE LIST Seventeenyear-old male with mild botulism (JAMA 2001;285(8)1062 ) Web page. Back to top http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/bt/botulism/resources/botreslist.html

Home About Us Center Support Contact Us ... Chemical Terrorism BIOTERRORISM >> BOTULISM RESOURCE LIST Printable Page Botulism Resource List Key Resources for the Practicing Clinician Images Diagnosis and Management Treatment ... Botulinum Toxoid Epidemiology Foodborne Botulism Wound Botulism Infant Botulism Public Health ... Research in Botulism Prevention Key Resources for the Practicing Clinician Arnon SS, Schechter R, Inglesby TV, et al. Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management. JAMA 2001;285(8):1059-81 [ Full text CDC. Botulism in the United States, 1899-1996. Handbook for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers. Atlanta, Ga: CDC, 1998 [ Full text CDC. Level A laboratory guidelines for identification of Clostridium botulinum toxin [ Full text CDC. Notice to readers: New telephone number to report botulism cases and request antitoxin. MMWR 2003 Aug 15;52(32):774 [ Full text Middlebrook JL, Franz DR. Botulinum toxins. In: Zajtchuk R, Bellamy RF, eds. Textbook of military medicine: medical aspects of chemical and biological warfare. Chap 33. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General, Borden Institute, Walter Reed Army Medical Center [ Full text Shapiro RL, Hatheway C, Swerdlow DL.

40. Osborn Scientific Group - Weapons Of Mass Destruction, Anthrax Test, Ricin Test, Developer and manufacturer of rapid anthrax, ricin, botulism toxin, smallpox, plaque and infectious disease tests. http://osborn-scientific.com

Credible and Immediate Bioterrorism Threat Detection *New* MSNBC News article stating that Osborn Scientific Group's BADD product line detected both ricin and botulinum toxins in Iraq! Click here for the article. *New* Press release put out by OSG on 04/08/03. Click here to be taken to that article. Osborn Scientific Group specializes in the development, manufacturing, and marketing of the most accurate and cost efficient tests to determine the credibility of a biological threat. Quickly determining credibility is the key to expediting emergency or treatment procedures in the presence of a truly infectious biological threat, and minimizing unnecessary business interruption in the case of a biowarfare threat hoax or false alarm (the vast majority of cases). Osborn Scientific Group holds extensive expertise in the development of rapid diagnostics using immunoassay technology, and leverages that expertise and the following credentials to ensure the highest quality products for our customers: ISO 9001 and EN-46001 certified FDA-inspected and cGMP certified Select Agent Registered Facility (CDC) Home About Us Products News ... Contact Us

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