81. American Family Physician: Facial Dystonia, Essential Blepharospasm And Hemifaci Full text of the article, Facial dystonia, essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm from American Family Physician, a publication in the field of http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_n6_v43/ai_10996883

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports 10,000,000 articles - not found on any other search engine. FindArticles American Family Physician June 1991 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for AAACN Viewpoint ABNF Journal, The AIDS Treatment News AMAA Journal ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Facial dystonia, essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm American Family Physician June, 1991 by John B. Holds George L. White, Jr. Steven M. Thiese Richard L. Anderson Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Involuntary movements of the face, tongue, palate, pharynx, vocal cords and neck are grouped into the broad classification of cranial-cervical dyskinesias (Table 1).(1) In many dyskinesias, there is evidence of pathology in the basal ganglia or the midbrain. Areas of the basal ganglia involved in orofacial control may be particularly susceptible to the aging process and to the effects of neuroleptic drugs, since the development of many cranial-cervical dyskinesias appears to relate to advancing age or drug or other toxin exposure. Dystonic movement disorders are characterized by muscle tone abnormalities, often manifested as increased muscle tone or muscle spasms. Meige syndrome is characterized by buccolingual, lower facial and eyelid spasms. The eyelid spasm alone is referred to as essential blepharospasm. Hemifacial spasm is pathophysiologically unrelated to the dystonias and is best classified under the broad heading of myoclonus.

82. Blepharospasm, Benign Essential Benign Essential blepharospasm is a rare disorder in which the muscles of the eyelids (orbiculares oculi) http://webcenter.health.webmd.netscape.com/hw/vision/nord17.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center XML News via RSS Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Health Tools Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Women, Men, Lifestyle Choose a Topic Overview Aging Alternative Medicine Dental Emotional Wellness Eye Health Fitness Healthy Sexuality Men Women Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... For a Complete Report Blepharospasm, Benign Essential Important It is possible that the main title of the report Blepharospasm, Benign Essential is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms BEB Blepharospasm Secondary Blepharospasm Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a rare disorder in which the muscles of the eyelids (orbiculares oculi) do not function properly. There are intermittent and involuntary contractions or spasms of the muscles around the eyes. Although the eyes themselves are unaffected, the patient may eventually become functionally blind because of an inability to open the eyelids. Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia, which is a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle spasms. Resources WE MOVE (Worldwide Education and Awareness for Movement Disorders) 204 West 84th Street New York, NY 10024

83. ILUSA Disabilities - Blepharospasm Links to sites with information on blepharospasm. BEBRF blepharospasm Pages condition in which there is sustained, forced, involuntary closing of the http://www.ilusa.com/links/disable/blephar.htm

Blepharospasm Updated on December 22, 1999 BEBRF Blepharospasm Pages - condition in which there is sustained, forced, involuntary closing of the eyelids. Initial symptoms, cause and treatment are discussed. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Blepharospasm Dry Eye Syndrome and Blepharospasm Genetics of Blepharospasm For books on this subject try searching the Barnes and Noble Bookstore. It's not "Books in Print" ...... But it's pretty Close! Author: Last Name First Name (Optional) Title: Keyword: Keyword Options: Do an exact match a partial match Of: all words any word this phrase INDEPENDENT LIVING USA Legal Information

84. Rural Nurse Organization Clinic Digital Library blepharospasm Access document. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Homepage Benign Essential blepharospasm Access document http://ruralnurseorganization-dl.slis.ua.edu/patientinfo/ophthalmology/eyelid/bl

Patient/Family Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Blepharospasm Patient/Family Resources Spanish Miscellaneous See also: Hemifacial Spasm Patient/Family Resources General Ophthalmology Patient/Family Resources Blepharospasm Clinical Resources National Eye Institute: Homepage Health Information: List of documents Blepharospasm: Access document National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: Homepage Disorders Information: List of documents Benign Essential Blepharospasm: Access document MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Blepharospasm: English Spanish Spanish MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Table of contents Blepharospasm: English Spanish Miscellaneous Blepharospasm Patient/Family Resources MedlinePlus (National Library of Medicine) Health Topics: Index Eye Diseases (General): List of documents YAHOO - Health:Diseases and Conditions:Eye Conditions Additional Eye Conditions resources ( These sites have not been reviewed. YAHOO - Health:Medicine:Ophthalmology Additional Ophthalmology resources ( These sites have not been reviewed. Rural Nurse Organization UA DLAWS Navigation Lab

85. Rural Nurse Organization Clinic Digital Library blepharospasm, Benign Essential Access document. Geriatrics Resources See also General Geriatrics blepharospasm (Keyword search) List of documents http://ruralnurseorganization-dl.slis.ua.edu/clinical/ophthalmology/eyelid/bleph

Clinical Resources by Topic: Ophthalmology Blepharospasm Clinical Resources Geriatrics Clinical Guidelines News Miscellaneous Resources See also: Eye Evaluation Clinical Resources Hemifacial Spasm Clinical Resources General Ophthalmology Clinical Resources Blepharospasm Patient/Family Resources Ophthalmology (eMedicine): Table of contents Blepharospasm, Benign Essential: Access document Geriatrics Resources See also General Geriatrics Resources Merck Manual of Geriatrics: Table of contents Chapter 127. Ocular Disorders Access document Introduction: Access document Lid Disorders Access document Blepharospasm Access document Clinical Guidelines National Guideline Clearinghouse: MeSH browse Detailed search Blepharospasm (Keyword search): List of documents News Resources Doctor's Guide to the Internet Homepage Ophthalmology News List of documents Blepharospasm (Keyword search): List of documents Miscellaneous Blepharospasm Clinical Resources HealthWeb: Homepage Ophthalmology: Table of contents Ophthalmic Disease Resources: List of documents Educational Resources: List of documents Meta Sites: List of documents Academic Institutions: List of documents Associations and Foundations: List of documents Online Journals: List of documents Communication: List of documents Conferences and Events: List of documents Career Resources: List of documents Miscellaneous: List of documents YAHOO - Health:Diseases and Conditions:Eye Conditions Additional Eye Conditions resources ( These sites have not been reviewed.

86. Neurology Collected Resources Blepharospasm Bilateral pallidal stimulation for blepharospasm–oromandibular dystonia (Meige Striatal activation during blepharospasm revealed by fMRI Kerstin E. http://www.neurology.org/cgi/collection/blepharospasm

87. Striatal Activation During Blepharospasm Revealed By FMRI Whereas secondary blepharospasm occurs after a variety of lesions in the upper Patients were selected from blepharospasm Clinics at the Department of http://www.neurology.org/cgi/content/full/60/11/1738

88. Benign Essential Blepharospasm National. 170 groups. Founded 1981. Provides information and emotional support to persons with benign http://my.webmd.com/hw/vision/shc29beb.asp

var guid_source = ""; var guid_source_id = ""; //unused var encodedurl = ""; WebMD Today Home WebMD News Center XML News via RSS Member Services WebMD University My WebMD Find a Physician Medical Info Check Symptoms Medical Library Health Tools Clinical Trials ... Women, Men, Lifestyle Who We Are About WebMD Site Map You are in Women, Men, Lifestyle Choose a Topic Overview Aging Alternative Medicine Dental Emotional Wellness Eye Health Fitness Healthy Sexuality Men Women Health Topics Symptoms Medical Tests Medications ... Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. National. 170 groups. Founded 1981. Provides information and emotional support to persons with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB). Networks people together with similar symptoms. Doctor referrals, education. Supports research. Bimonthly newsletter. Local group development guidelines. Voluntary contributions. WRITE: B.E.B. Fdn. P.O. Box 12468 Beaumont, TX 77726-2468 CALL: 409-832-0788 FAX: 409-832-0890 E-MAIL: bebrf@sbcglobal.net

89. Expert - Blepharospasm Find Expert in blepharospasm Directory of Experts, Legal Consultants, Forensic Experts, and Litigation Support Services in blepharospasm Nationwide. http://www.hgexperts.com/listing/Medical-Expert-Witness-Blepharospasm.asp

MEDICAL EXPERTS EXPERT WITNESSES MEDICAL EXP. WITNESSES SPEAKER BUREAUS LEGAL CONSULTANTS Appraisal Banking Case Management Employment ... PROCESS SERVERS Find experts, legal consultants, forensic experts, and litigation support services nationwide. Company Name Any word(s) in Description and Expertise State/Province Country Alabama Alaska Alberta Arizona Arkansas British Columbia California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Guam Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Manitoba Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Brunswick New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York Newfoundland North Carolina North Dakota Northwest Territory Nova Scotia Ohio Oklahoma Ontario Oregon Pennsylvania Prince Edward Island Puerto Rico Quebec Rhode Island Saskatchewan South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas U.S. Virgin Islands Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Yukon Territory United States of America Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antigua Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Brunei Darussalam Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Canary Islands Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Channel Islands Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo Congo (Dem. Rep.)

90. Speakers Bureau - Blepharospasm Speakers Bureau Directory Find motivational business leaders and legal professionals speakers in blepharospasm for all events. http://www.hgexperts.com/hg/ex_consultants.asp?extra=sb&subcategory=Blepharospas

91. Ophthalmic Pearls - July/August 2003 Unfortunately, blepharospasm is a commonly missed diagnosis. One survey of blepharospasm patients revealed that they most commonly saw ophthalmologists for http://www.aao.org/aao/news/eyenet/pearls/pearls_July-Aug_2003.htm

var gMenuControlID=0; var menus_included = 0; var jsPageAuthorMode = 0; var jsSessionPreviewON = 1; var jsDlgLoader = 'loader.htm'; var jsSiteID = 1; var jsSubSiteID = 144; var kurrentPageID = 27452; document.CS_StaticURL = "http://testaao.sf.aao.org/"; document.CS_DynamicURL = "http://testaao.sf.aao.org/"; July - August 2003 Feature Conductive Keratoplasty: Take a Closer Look Ophthalmic Pearls Outlining Blepharospasm Options for Patients Clinical Update Cornea Glaucoma Pediatrics Other Departments News in Review Morning Rounds Journal Highlights Opinion ... EyeNet Magazine Ophthalmic Pearls / Oculoplastics Outlining Bleopharospasm Options for Patients By Michael T. Yen, MD, and Richard L. Anderson, MD Edited by Ingrid U. Scott, MD, MPH, and Sharon Fekrat, MD Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia involving involuntary contraction of the eyelid protractors (orbicularis oculi, corrugator supercilii and procerus). Untreated, the disease can vary from being a mere annoyance to causing a severe visual disability. Unfortunately, blepharospasm is a commonly missed diagnosis. One survey of blepharospasm patients revealed that they most commonly saw ophthalmologists for the initial evaluation of their symptoms; however, four physicians, on average, were consulted before the correct diagnosis was made. Successful management of this condition requires knowledge not only of the clinical presentation but also of the effective treatment options available.

92. Blepharospasm, Benign Essential - St. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor Michigan blepharospasm, Benign Essential St. Joseph Mercy Health System Hospitals serving Ann Arbor, SE Michigan, Washtenaw County, Livingston County, Wayne County http://www.sjmercyhealth.org/12732.cfm

@import url(default.css); Online Health Information Health Information - Rare Diseases and Disorders Back to Health Library Print This Page Email to a Friend National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. Blepharospasm, Benign Essential Synonyms Disorder Subdivisions General Discussion Resources ... For a Complete Report Important It is possible that the main title of the report Blepharospasm, Benign Essential is not the name you expected. Please check the synonyms listing to find the alternate name(s) and disorder subdivision(s) covered by this report. Synonyms BEB Blepharospasm Secondary Blepharospasm Disorder Subdivisions None General Discussion Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a rare disorder in which the muscles of the eyelids (orbiculares oculi) do not function properly. There are intermittent and involuntary contractions or spasms of the muscles around the eyes. Although the eyes themselves are unaffected, the patient may eventually become functionally blind because of an inability to open the eyelids. Benign Essential Blepharospasm is a form of dystonia, which is a group of neuromuscular disorders characterized by muscle spasms. Resources WE MOVE (Worldwide Education and Awareness for Movement Disorders) 204 West 84th Street New York, NY 10024

93. Benign Essential Blepharospasm - St. Joseph Mercy, Ann Arbor Michigan Benign Essential blepharospasm St. Joseph Mercy Health System Hospitals serving Ann Arbor, SE Michigan, Washtenaw County, Livingston County, Wayne County, http://www.sjmercyhealth.org/12671.cfm

@import url(default.css); Online Health Information Health Information - Support Groups Back to Health Library Print This Page Email to a Friend Self Help Clearinghouse Benign Essential Blepharospasm Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. This information is provided as a resource and does not constitute an endorsement for any group. It is the responsibility of the reader to decide whether a group is appropriate for his/her needs. For evidence-based information on diseases, conditions, symptoms, treatment and wellness issues, continue searching this site. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Research Fdn., Inc. National. 170 groups. Founded 1981. Provides information and emotional support to persons with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB). Networks people together with similar symptoms. Doctor referrals, education. Supports research. Bimonthly newsletter. Local group development guidelines. Voluntary contributions. WRITE: B.E.B. Fdn. P.O. Box 12468 Beaumont, TX 77726-2468 CALL: 409-832-0788 FAX: 409-832-0890 E-MAIL: bebrf@sbcglobal.net

94. EyeOrbit - A Hairy Clue About Blepharospasm The answer to what goes wrong to cause blepharospasm might lie in a rat’s “We think blepharospasm occurs when the adaptation that normally turns off the http://www.eyeorbit.org/article.php?story=20050422074310340

95. Blepharospasm blepharospasm, Botulinum toxin, Clostridium botulinum, Myectomy, benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm. http://www.caridon.com/blepharospasm.html

blepharospasm Background Blepharospasm is an abnormal, involuntary blinking or spasm of the eyelids. Blepharospasm is also called “benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm”. Causes of Blepharospasm Blepharospasm is associated with an abnormal function of the basal ganglion from an unknown cause. The basal ganglion is the part of the brain responsible for controlling the muscles. In rare cases, heredity may play a role in the development of blepharospasm. Symptoms of Blepharospasm Most people develop blepharospasm without any warning symptoms. It may begin with a gradual increase in blinking or eye irritation. Some people may also experience fatigue, emotional tension, or sensitivity to bright light. As the condition progresses, the symptoms become more frequent, and facial spasms may develop. Blepharospasm may decrease or cease while a person is sleeping or concentrating on a specific task. Blepharospasm Treatment To date, there is no successful cure for blepharospasm, although several treatment options can reduce its severity. In the United States and Canada, the injection of Oculinum (botulinum toxin, or Botox¨) into the muscles of the eyelids is an approved treatment for blepharospasm. Botulinum toxin, produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, paralyzes the muscles of the eyelids.

96. Journal Of Psychopharmacology -- Sign In Page Key Words blepharospasm • rechallenge • risperidone. References Am Neurol 13 402–411; Jankovic J, Patel SC (1983) blepharospasm associated with brain http://jop.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/17/4/453

JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... SEARCH QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription to Journal of Psychopharmacology Online. Successful Risperidone Rechallenge after Blepharospasm in a Patient with... Gulati et al. J Psychopharmacol. This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) References ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager PubMed Articles by Gulati, S. Articles by Libretto, S. E. To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$30.00 Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article purchase if your access period has not yet expired. Athens users Sign in via Athens :As long as your institution has a current subscription to the material requested, access is available using your Athens username and password. Contact your library if you do not have an Athens username and password or if your library does not subscribe to the material you are seeking.

97. Blepharospasm blepharospasm. BEBRF blepharospasm Pages condition in which there is sustained, forced, involuntary closing of the eyelids. Initial symptoms, cause and http://www.cannylink.com/diseaseblepharospasm.htm

Web www.CannyLink.com Blepharospasm BEBRF Blepharospasm Pages - condition in which there is sustained, forced, involuntary closing of the eyelids. Initial symptoms, cause and treatment are discussed. Benign Essential Blepharospasm Blepharospasm Back to The Cannylink home page You can e-mail us at Webmaster@cannylink

98. The Eye Center - Blepharospasm (Eye Twitching) Frequently, dryeye syndrome is experienced along with blepharospasm. Occasionally, blepharospasm is drug-induced and will be resolved when the dosage is http://www.theeyecenter.com/educational/009.htm

Blepharospasm (Eye Twitching) Printable Version (PDF) 425k Almost everyone at some time in his or her life has experienced a frequent and annoying muscle twitch of the eyelid. It may have followed a late night of studying or hours of driving, stress or drinking caffeinated beverages. Usually, this annoyance disappears after a period of rest and relaxation. Occasionally, the spasms are caused by an actual change in the eye's physical makeup and the spasms do not go away, but rather become a constant annoyance. Symptoms Due to a nervous system disorder, such as Tourette's syndrome, or an irritation on the surface of the cornea or the conjunctiva (the outermost lining of the eye under the eyelid), the eye will frequently or continuously twitch (spasm). Vision is generally not affected except in the most severe cases where the eyelid(s) remain shut. Frequently, dry-eye syndrome is experienced along with blepharospasm. Occasionally, blepharospasm is drug-induced and will be resolved when the dosage is reduced. Treatment The most common forms of blepharospasm will resolve after a period of rest. Usually, no treatment is necessary. Stress and anxiety can play a large roll in chronic eye twitching. Therefore, stress management skills may be one of the first treatments prescribed.

99. Blepharospasm, Benign Essential It is possible that the main title of the report blepharospasm, Benign Essential blepharospasm is a rare disorder in which the muscles of the eyelids http://www.meritcare.com/hwdb/showTopic.asp?pd_hwid=nord17

100. Ophthalmology Times - Proper Diagnosis Key To Blepharospasm Management Written by Physicians, For Physicians Ophthalmology Times is an awardwinning physician-driven publication that disseminates news and information of a http://www.ophthalmologytimes.com/ophthalmologytimes/article/articleDetail.jsp?i

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