1. Neuroscience For Kids - Autonomic Nervous System It should be noted that the autonomic nervous system is always working. Rather, the autonomic nervous system acts to maintain normal internal functions http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/auto.html

The Autonomic Nervous System The organs (the "viscera") of our body, such as the heart, stomach and intestines, are regulated by a part of the nervous system called the autonomic nervous system (ANS) . The ANS is part of the peripheral nervous system and it controls many organs and muscles within the body. In most situations, we are unaware of the workings of the ANS because it functions in an involuntary, reflexive manner. For example, we do not notice when blood vessels change size or when our heart beats faster. However, some people can be trained to control some functions of the ANS such as heart rate or blood pressure. The ANS is most important in two situations: In emergencies that cause stress and require us to "fight" or take "flight" (run away) and In nonemergencies that allow us to "rest" and "digest." The ANS regulates: Muscles in the skin (around hair follicles; smooth muscle) around blood vessels (smooth muscle) in the eye (the iris; smooth muscle) in the stomach, intestines and bladder (smooth muscle) of the heart (cardiac muscle) Glands The ANS is divided into three parts: The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system The enteric nervous system The Sympathetic Nervous System It is a nice, sunny day...you are taking a nice walk in the park.

2. The Autonomic Nervous System (page 1) Overview of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems by Dr S Bakewell. http://www.nda.ox.ac.uk/wfsa/html/u05/u05_010.htm

Issue 5 (1995) Article 6: Page 1 of 2 Go to page: 1 The Autonomic Nervous System Dr S Bakewell, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. Introduction Parasympathetic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system The nervous system is divided into the somatic nervous system which controls organs under voluntary control (mainly muscles) and the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) which regulates individual organ function and homeostasis, and for the most part is not subject to voluntary control. It is also known as the visceral or automatic system. The ANS is primarily involved in reflex arcs, involving an autonomic or somatic afferent limb, and then autonomic and somatic efferent limbs. For instance, afferent fibres may convey stimuli from pain receptors, or mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors in the heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract etc. There may then be a reflex response to this involving autonomic efferent fibres causing contraction of smooth muscle in certain organs (e.g. blood vessels, eyes, lungs, bladder, gastrointestinal tract) and influencing the function of the heart and glands. The efferent limbs of these reflexes may also involve the somatic nervous system (e.g. coughing and vomiting). Simple reflexes are completed entirely within the organ concerned, whereas more complex reflexes are controlled by the higher autonomic centres in the CNS, principally the hypothalamus. The ANS is divided into two separate divisions called the Parasympathetic and Sympathetic Systems, on the basis of anatomical and functional differences. Both of these systems consist of myelinated preganglionic fibres which make synaptic connections with unmyelinated postganglionic fibres, and it is these which then innervate the effector organ. These synapses usually occur in clusters called ganglia. Most organs are innervated by fibres from both divisions of the ANS, and the influence is usually opposing (e.g.the vagus slows the heart, whilst the sympathetic nerves increase its rate and contractility), although it may be parallel (e.g. the salivary glands). The responses of major effector organs to autonomic nerve impulses are summarised in

3. The ANS Covers the anatomical structure of the system, transmission of autonomic stimuli and functions of the autonomic nervous system. http://www.ndrf.org/ans.htm

NDRF National Dysautonomia Research Foundation PO Box 301, Red Wing, MN 55066-0301 Phone: (651) 267-0525 Fax: (651) 267-0524 Be sure to visit the NDRF Reference Page where you can learn more about the NDRF Patient Handbook, Videos and other reference materials. General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System Anatomical Structure of the System Transmission of Autonomic Stimuli Functions of the Autonomic Nervous System (a) ... The Adrenal Medulla General Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System Anatomical Structure of the System The nervous system comprises the brain and various types of nerves, including afferent nerves (from the Latin, ad = towards; ferro = I carry), which carry sensory impulses from all parts of the body to the brain and efferent nerves (ex = from; ferro = I carry) through which "messages" are conducted from the brain to the muscles and all of the organs of the body. The somatic part of the nervous system has sensory components which convey sensations from the eyes, the nose and other sensory organs to the brain (mainly the cerebral cortex) where most of the impulses reach our awareness, and motor components transmitting impulses to the skeletal muscles in the limbs and trunk permitting voluntary control of movements. The autonomic nervous system conveys sensory impulses from the blood vessels, the heart and all of the organs in the chest, abdomen and pelvis through nerves to other parts of the brain (mainly the medulla, pons and hypothalamus). These impulses often do not reach our consciousness, but elicit largely automatic or reflex responses through the efferent autonomic nerves, thereby eliciting appropriate reactions of the heart, the vascular system, and all the organs of the body to variations in environmental temperature, posture, food intake, stressful experiences and other changes to which all individuals are exposed.

4. Autonomic Nervous System Information and a glossary for the autonomic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, along with an image. http://www.driesen.com/autonomic_nervous_system.htm

5. Autonomic Nervous System A description of the autonomic nervous system, its characteristics and divisions. http://www.ivcc.edu/caley/107/Lectures_Unit_3/ans.html

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM BIO 1007 Lecture Outlines BIO 1007 Resources Ms. Caley's Home ... Contact Us The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an involuntary division of the nervous system that consists of motor neurons (autonomic neurons) that conduct impulses from the brain stem or spinal cord to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands. These motor neurons are responsible for regulating heart rate, regulating peristalsis (smooth muscle contraction of the digestive organs), and the release of secretions from certain glands, such as the salivary glands in the mouth. General Characteristics of the ANS: 1. It is a two-neuron pathway. 2. Sensory signals from viscera and skin send signals to autonomic neurons in brain and spinal cord. 3. A preganglionic neuron cell body is located within the CNS (brain stem or spinal cord). 4. Preganglionic fibers (efferent fibers) synapse with a postganglionic neuron located in the PNS 5. The postganglionic fiber terminates on the effector organ (heart, stomach, etc). Divisions of the ANS 1. Sympathetic Division

6. The Autonomic Nervous System (page 1) The autonomic nervous system Dr S Bakewell, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge. Introduction http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

7. Neuroscience For Kids - Divisions Of The NS The autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle of the viscera (internal viscera The enteric nervous system is a third division of the autonomic http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/nsdivide.html

Adventures in Neuroanatomy: Parts of the Nervous System Contents of this Page Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Divisions of the Nervous System Brain Structures Neuroanatomy the structure of the nervous system. To learn how the nervous system functions, you must learn how the nervous system is put together. The nervous system can be divided into several connected systems that function together. Let's start with a simple division: The Nervous System is divided into: The Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System Let's break the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system into more parts. Central Nervous System The central nervous system is divided into two parts: the brain and the spinal cord . The average adult human brain weighs 1.3 to 1.4 kg (approximately 3 pounds). The brain contains about 100 billion nerve cells (neurons) and trillons of "support cells" called glia . The spinal cord is about 43 cm long in adult women and 45 cm long in adult men and weighs about 35-40 grams. The vertebral column, the collection of bones (back bone) that houses the spinal cord, is about 70 cm long. Therefore, the spinal cord is much shorter than the vertebral column. For brain weights of other animals, see

8. Neuroscience For Kids - Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system The organs (the "viscera") of our body, such as the heart, stomach and intestines, are regulated by a part of the http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

9. Welcome Information and support concerning autonomic nervous system disorders. http://www.ndrf.org

NDRF National Dysautonomia Research Foundation PO Box 301, Red Wing, MN 55066-0301 Phone: (651) 267-0525 Fax: (651) 267-0524 Be sure to visit the NDRF Reference Page where you can learn more about the NDRF Patient Handbook, Videos and other reference materials. What is Dysautonomia? Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) , Neurocardiogenic Syncope, Mitral Valve Prolapse Dysautonomia, Pure Autonomic Failure, Multiple System Atrophy (Shy-Drager Syndrome) are some of the many disorders that involve a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, or Dysautonomia. Our bodies have a complex task of maintaining a stable internal environment and respond appropriately to changes that take place in the external surroundings. This complex task is directed by the Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system manages most of our bodily systems, including the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal, urinary and bowel functions, temperature regulation, reproduction and our metabolic and endocrine systems. Additionally, this system is responsible for our reaction to stress - the flight or fight response. When our autonomic nervous system malfunctions, it is known as

10. Neuroscience For Kids - Explore The Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System The autonomic nervous system The Neuron Millions and Billions of Cells Types of Neurons http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

11. Regulation Of The Vascular System By Neural And Endothelial Mechanisms. Andrzej Relationship between the autonomic nervous system and the vascular system, mechanisms underlying disease in human arteries, cerebral and coronary arteries. Relevant to clinical medicine. Saphenous vein for CABG, and neurodegenerative diseases. University College London. http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~ucgaanl/

UCL ANATOMY DEPT ANATOMY STAFF LIST UCL HOME Email a.loesch@ucl.ac.uk HOME RESEARCH CV ... LINKS Dr Andrzej Loesch MSc PhD DSc Senior Research Fellow Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology University College London Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK Telephone xt. 5374 SEE IMAGES: GALLERY 1 GALLERY 2 GALLERY 3 GALLERY 4 ... POLISH GALLERY Regulation of the vascular system by neural and endothelial mechanisms Over the last few decades our knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the vascular system and blood flow has been reshaped by several seminal discoveries. These have demonstrated that the perivascular autonomic nerves and vascular endothelium release a variety of agents vital for vascular physiology and the blood supply to tissues. Endothelium Among agents of endothelial origin are an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)/ nitric oxide (NO), endothelin-1 (ET-1), an endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF), ATP, prostacyclin, endoperoxidases, superoxide anions or thromboxane A2. Some of these have a potent vasoactive role, for example, NO mediates vasorelaxation, whilst ET-1 is a vasoconstrictor. Perivascular nerves Among novel agents identified in perivascular nerves are neuropeptides, purines, monoamines and NO which can act as neurotransmitters, co-transmitters, or neuromodulators. These findings support an earlier hipotheses by Burnstock, 1976 (

12. The Nervous System autonomic nervous system Back to Top http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

13. ScienceDirect - Journal Of The Autonomic Nervous System - List Of Issues The Peripheral Nervous SystemThe autonomic nervous system consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons that The actions of the autonomic nervous system are largely involuntary (in http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01651838

Register or Login: Password: Athens/Institution Login Quick Search: within This Journal All Journals All Full-text Sources Journal of the Autonomic Nervous System Bookmark this page as: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01651838 Continued as Autonomic Neuroscience Volume 81 Volume 81, Issues 1-3 , Pages 3-298 (3 July 2000) Volumes 71 - 80 Volumes 61 - 70 Volumes 51 - 60 Volumes 41 - 50 ... Volumes 1 - 10 Alert me when new Journal Issues are available Add this journal to My Favorite Journals More Publication Info Contact Us Elsevier B.V.

14. MSU Neuroscience Program Focusing on autonomic nervous system, neural plasticity, synaptic transmission/signal transduction and other aspects of neuroscience http://www.ns.msu.edu/neurosci/

MSU Campus and NSP Community

15. The ANS Covers the anatomical structure of the system, transmission of autonomic stimuli and functions of the autonomic nervous system. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

16. Autonomic Nervous System This site describes how the autonomic nervous system plays an important role in maintaining health in the human body. http://greenfield.fortunecity.com/rattler/46/autonomic.htm

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17. Heart Rate Variability NerveExpress provides a quantitative assessment of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV). http://www.nervexpress.com

www.nervexpress.com Select section Main page Products Medical Fitness About Us Theoretical Review History of product Columbia University Reports User's Guide Contact Us Home Products About Us Theoretical Review History of product Columbia University Reports User's Guide Download Demo Contact Us Nerve-Express is a fully automatic, non-invasive computer-based system designed for quantitative assessment of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) based on Heart Rate Variability (HRV) analysis. Autonomic assessment during orthostatic test Nerve-Express is the first and only system to solve the problem of SNS-PSNS quantification. This technological breakthrough is achieved by using proprietary algorithms and a new approach based on one of the leading theories of Artificial Intelligence - Marvin Minsky's Frame Theory. Nerve-Express objectively and reliably evaluates the state of ANS in "real-time" (up to 24 hours) as well as during Orthostatic test and Valsalva maneuver combined with Deep Breathing. Due to its highly sophisticated HRV analysis, Nerve-Express is the only system that enables precise recognition and classification of 74 ANS states with a corresponding qualitative description for each one. Spectrum during orthostatic test Autonomic assessment during Valsalva Maneuver combined with Deep breathing Assessment of the Physical Fitness Level during Orthostatic test The algorithms used by Nerve-Express have been developed and tested for over twenty years in studies involving more than twenty thousand patients .

18. Welcome Information and support concerning autonomic nervous system disorders. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

19. Lecture Notes-26 The autonomic nervous system (ANS) Controls the Body s Internal Environment The autonomic nervous system is further complicated by existence of multiple http://members.aol.com/Bio50/LecNotes/lecnot26.html

Lecture 26: Autonomic Nervous System The Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Controls the Body's Internal Environment in a Coordinated Manner The ANS helps control the heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, respiration, blood pH and other bodily functions through a series of complex reflex actions These controls are done automatically, below the conscious level To exert this control the activities of many different organs must be coordinated so they work to accomplish the same goal In the ANS there are 2 nerves between the central nervous system (CNS) and the organ. The nerve cell bodies for the second nerve are organized into ganglia: At each junction neurotransmitters are released and carry the signal to the next nerve or organ. The ANS has 2 Divisions, Sympathetic and Parasympathetic, Which Differ in Anatomy and Function The sympathetic nerves come from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord. The preganglionic nerves are short and synapse in paired ganglia adjacent to the spinal cord The adrenal medulla, technically an endocrine gland, is functionally a part of the sympathetic nervous system

20. PT: Physiology Of Meditation Article covering meditation and its relationship to the metabolism, autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, and central nervous system. http://ejmas.com/pt/ptart_shin_0400.htm

The Physiology of Meditation by Dr. Jooyoung Julia Shin, M.D. Introduction Eastern religious and secular groups, such as the Buddhists, Taoists, and the Indian Yogis have practiced meditation throughout history in order to achieve certain mental and physical ends; these include muscular relaxation and "clearing" the mind, as well as the more esoteric union with nature or God. For these practitioners, meditation further serves to reduce negative tensions in both conscious and subconscious realms, and facilitates the integration of an individual into her or his physical, social and psychological environment. A variety of these ideas were incorporated into the philosophy of the martial arts as they developed in Asia. In contrast to most exercise cultures, the martial arts actively strive to develop both the inner and outer individual, guided by a holistic view of human nature. The union of mind and body lies fundamental to martial art philosophy and practice, which consists of both mental and physical exercises. The practice of meditation characterizes the martial arts as a psychophysical engagement, as opposed to a purely physical activity. Although diverse types of meditation exist, all meditative techniques attempt to focus attention in a nonanalytical way without discursive or discriminating thought. By muting the analytical, reasoning functions of the mind one achieves a sort of non-discriminatory or relaxed awareness. In the martial arts, this state has been given various descriptions such as "Satori," "enlightenment," or "Zanshin."

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