41. What Is Autonomic Dysreflexia? United Spinal Association is a nonprofit that provides information and servicesto individuals with spinal cord injury and disease regarding benefits, http://www.unitedspinal.org/pages.php?catid=180&submenu=238&pageid=702&styleid=m

42. What Is Autonomic Dysreflexia? autonomic dysreflexia (AD), also known as hyperreflexia, refers to an overactiveAutonomic Nervous System, which causes an abrupt onset of excessively high http://www.unitedspinal.org/pages.php?catid=238&pageid=702&text=

43. Information - Autonomic Dysreflexia Ageing with Spinal Cord Injury autonomic dysreflexia Alcohol and Drugs Bladder and Bowel autonomic dysreflexia for Health Professionals http://www.health.qld.gov.au/qscis/info_dysreflexia.asp

Access keys Skip to primary navigation Skip to secondary navigation Skip to content ... Strategic Directions Queensland Spinal Cord Injuries Service Home Spinal Injuries Unit Rehabilitation Services Medical Services ... QSCIS Autonomic Dysreflexia Document Format Size Autonomic Dysreflexia Autonomic Dysreflexia for Health Professionals This page last updated: December 2004 Review date: July 2005 Privacy Feedback Other languages Queensland Government

44. Acute Management Of Autonomic Dysreflexia: Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury P autonomic dysreflexia (AD) following spinal cord injury Assessment of signsand symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia via physical examination http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=2964&nbr=2190

45. Acute Management Of Autonomic Dysreflexia: Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury P Persistent symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia despite acute care measures. autonomic dysreflexia episode occurring in the third trimester of pregnancy. http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=2964&nbr=2190

46. Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia Updated November 26, 2004 System Disorders SpinalCord Injuries Complications and Related Concerns autonomic dysreflexia http://www.noah-health.org/en/bns/disorders/sp_injury/complications/dysreflexia.

Skip navigation About NOAH Help English Spanish Both Advanced NOAH Brain and Nervous System Change text size: Autonomic Dysreflexia Updated: November 26, 2004 Autonomic Dysreflexia: A Possible Life Threatening Situation University of Alabama at Birmingham Other Complications of Spinal Cord Injury: Autonomic Dysreflexia (Hyperreflexia) "RehabTeamSite, PoinTIS" Researched by NOAH Contributing Editor: Sharon Hunt, MedLibra NOAH Brain and Nervous System Specific Nervous System Disorders Spinal Cord Injuries ... Complications and Related Concerns > Autonomic Dysreflexia Health Topics Index A to Z Page of the Month Advanced Search ... Feedback

47. Reproductive Health Information--Autonomic Dysreflexia - CROWD - Baylor College autonomic dysreflexia is a response to painful stimuli below your spinal cord autonomic dysreflexia can occur if you have a spinal cord lesion above T6. http://www.bcm.edu/crowd/?pmid=1469

48. Factsheet #17: What Is Autonomic Dysreflexia? autonomic dysreflexia (AD), also known as Hyperreflexia, How do I recognizeautonomic dysreflexia? Common sources of autonomic dysreflexia. What to do. http://www.makoa.org/nscia/fact17.html

Translate this page with InterTran (tm) Deutsche Français Español Portuguese Japanese (Shift JIS) Finnish Italiano Svensk Russian/Ðóññêèé (CP 1251) Nederlands Brasileiro Danske Íslenska Norsk Croatian/hrvatski (CP 1250) Hungarian/Magyar (CP 1250) Polish/polski (CP 1250) Czech/ceski (CP 1250) Bulgarian (CP 1251) Romanian Serbian/srpski (Latin) Slovenian/slovenski (CP 1250) Greek/Åëëçíéêüò Welsh/'n Cymraeg National Spinal Cord Injury Association Resource Center Factsheet #17: What is Autonomic Dysreflexia? Autonomic Dysreflexia (AD), also known as Hyperreflexia, is a potentially dangerous complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). In AD, an individual's blood pressure may rise to dangerous levels and if not treated can lead to stroke and possibly death. Individuals with SCI at the T-6 level or above are at greater risk. AD usually occurs because of a noxious (irritating) stimulus below the level of the injury. Symptoms include headache, facial flush, perspiration, and a stuffy nose. AD occurs primarily because of an imbalance in the body systems which control the blood pressure. The human body is an incredibly complicated and beautifully balanced machine. There are balances to each system of the body, including the blood pressure. One of the major ways the body controls blood pressure is by tightening or relaxing little muscles around the blood vessels. When the muscles contract, the blood vessels get smaller and blood pressure increases. Imagine a garden hose with water streaming through it; when you put your thumb over the opening of the hose, reducing the opening for the water to flow through, the water shoots out at a higher pressure. Similarly, when the blood vessels are smaller, the blood rushes around your body at higher pressure.

49. Nursing: How Do I Respond To Autonomic Dysreflexia? Full text of the article, How do I respond to autonomic dysreflexia? from Nursing,a publication in the field of Health Fitness, is provided free of http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3689/is_200302/ai_n9195009

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports 10,000,000 articles - not found on any other search engine. FindArticles Nursing Feb 2003 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Featured Titles for AAACN Viewpoint ABNF Journal, The AIDS Treatment News AMAA Journal ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports How do I respond to autonomic dysreflexia? Nursing Feb 2003 by Kim, Jennifer Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. A 19-year-old man who suffered a spinal cord injury (SCI) at T6 about 5 months ago came to our ED recently. He was anxious and diaphoretic and complained of a pounding headache and blurred vision. His pulse was 62 and his BP was 190/100. He had no history of cardiac problems but said he'd had difficulty with self-catheterization during the last 2 days. The ED physician suspected autonomic dysreflexia. What causes this and how is it treated?-S.T., N.C. Jennifer Kim, RN, CS, MSN, replies:

50. Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia is a pathologic response to pain or other noxious stimuli,and is characterized by hypertension, bradycardia and vasodilation above http://www.lhsc.on.ca/critcare/icu/edubriefs/dysreflex.html

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC Autonomic Dysreflexia What is it? A life-threatening syndrome that can occur in individuals with cord injuries above T6 (most common in quadriplegia). Autonomic dysreflexia is a pathologic response to pain or other noxious stimuli, and is characterized by hypertension, bradycardia and vasodilation above the level of the cord injury. Can develop any time after the period of spinal shock ends. Pathophysiology Distention or contraction of the bladder or bowel, or stimulation of skin or pain receptors triggers a sympathetic response (from intact autonomic reflex arc) below the level of the lesion. The release of catecholamines causes vasoconstriction and hypertension. Hypertension stimulates baroreceptors in the carotid sinus, aorta and cerebral vessels. This causes the parasympathetic nervous system to be stimulated, which attempts to restore the BP back to normal. The heart rate decreases (vagal nerve), but inhibitory messages are unable to relax the blood vessels below the cord lesion. Vasoconstriction below the level of the cord injury causes the hypertension to persist.

51. Autonomic Dysreflexia distention, as a full bladder can trigger autonomic dysreflexia. Bladder distentionmay also reduce blood supply and increase the risk for infection. http://www.lhsc.on.ca/critcare/icu/edubriefs/bladder.html

EDUBRIEFS in CCTC Maintaining Bladder Function in Spinal Cord Injury Bladder Drainage in Spinal Cord Injury In spinal cord injury, bladder sphincter relaxation is absent, leading to urinary retention. As soon as hourly urine output is no longer necessary, the indwelling bladder catheter should be removed to reduce the risk of urinary tract infections (a life-threatening complication of acute spinal cord injury). Intermittent catheterization decreases the risk for urinary tract infections. Considerations Immediately following acute spinal cord injury, spinal shock develops. Spinal shock is characterized by flaccid paralysis (loss of bladder tone) below the level of the injury, and loss of spinal cord reflexes including bladder and bowel sphincter control. Spinal shock often coincides with neurogenic shock, which is evidenced by loss of autonomic control (bradycardia, vasodilation, hypotension). Spinal shock can persist for several weeks, and is associated with an inability to retain urine or bowel contents. Although urinary incontinence may be present, bladder emptying is also dysfunctional, making some form of catheterization mandatory.

52. PharmGKB: Autonomic Dysreflexia Alternate Names, autonomic dysreflexia, Spinal; autonomic dysreflexias; Spinal; Autonomic Hyperreflexia; Autonomic Hyperreflexias; Dysreflexia, http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA446944&objCls=Disease

53. Boosting And Autonomic Dysreflexia This is the official website of the International Paralympic Committee. http://www.paralympic.org/release/Main_Sections_Menu/Paralympic_Games/Past_Games

Welcome to the International Paralympic Committee web portal. Jump to side navigation Begin of navigation Path Home Main Sections Menu Paralympic Games Past Games End of navigation path Begin of main content Boosting and Autonomic Dysreflexia ATHENS 2004 PARALYMPIC GAMES TESTING STANDARD PREAMBLE A hazardous dysreflexic state is considered to be present when the systolic blood pressure is 180 mm Hg or above. The IPC forbids athletes competing in a dysreflexic state. SELECTION OF ATHLETES The IPC Medical Committee shall select athletes for testing using target testing and random selection methods. The IPC Medical Committee shall have the right to request, without justifying the reason, that any athlete undergoes a blood pressure test at any time during the Games. Testing may occur in the Call Zone or such other areas used by athletes for warm-up purposes prior to the event and at any other time deemed appropriate. ATHLETE NOTIFICATION The athlete shall be the first person notified that he/she has been selected for testing. The IPC Medical Committee representative shall offer the opportunity for a third party (e.g. coach, team manager) to be present during the testing. TESTING PROCEDURES COMPLETION OF TESTING OFFICIAL RECORD At the conclusion of testing, the IPC Medical Committee representative will record the following information on the Testing Official Record:

54. What Is Autonomic Dysreflexia? Information on autonomic dysreflexia to aid individuals with spinal cord injuriesand their friends and families. http://www.sci-illinois.org/Pages/factsheets/literature/AutonomicDysreflexia.htm

Spinal Cord Injury Association of Illinois 1032 S. LaGrange Road - LaGrange, Illinois 60525-2865 - (708) 352-6223 - Fax: (708) 352-9065 E-Mail: SCIInjury@aol.com WHAT IS AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA? (click on highlighted text for website information) AD occurs primarily because of an imbalance in the body systems, which control the blood pressure. The human body is an incredibly complicated and beautifully balanced machine. There are balances to each system of the body, including blood pressure. One of the major ways the body controls blood pressure is by tightening or relaxing little muscles around the blood vessels. When the muscles contract, the blood vessels get small and blood pressure increases. Imagine a garden hose with water streaming through it; when you put your thumb over the opening of the hose, reducing the opening for the water to flow through, the water shoots out at a higher pressure. Similarly, when the blood vessels are smaller, the blood rushes around your body at higher pressure. When a noxious stimulus occurs, a reflex is initiated that causes the blood vessels to constrict and raises the blood pressure. In an intact spinal cord, this same stimulus also sets in motion another set of reflexes that moderates the constriction of blood vessels. However, in someone who has SCI at the T-6 level or above, the signal, which tells the blood vessels to relax cannot get through the spinal cord because of the injury. Some of the nerves at the T-6 level also control the blood flow to and from the gut, which is a large reservoir of blood. Uncontrolled activity of these nerves may cause the blood from the gut to flow into the rest of the blood system. The result is that blood pressure can increase to dangerous levels and the increase in blood pressure must be controlled by outside means.

55. Transverse Myelitis Internet Club List: Autonomic Dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a condition that can occur in anyone who has aspinal cord injury at or above the T6 level. It is related to http://www.myelitis.org/tmic/archive/6/0143.html

Autonomic Dysreflexia James Lubin ( Sat, 05 Apr 1997 19:27:23 -0800 Messages sorted by: [ date ] [ thread ] [ subject ] [ author ] Previous message: James Lubin: "Neuropathic/Spinal Cord Pain" Autonomic Dysreflexia Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a condition that can occur in anyone who has a spinal cord injury at or above the T6 level. It is related to disconnections between the body below the injury and the control mechanisms for blood pressure and heart function. It causes the blood pressure to rise to potentially dangerous levels. AD can be caused by a number of things. The most common causes are a full bladder, bladder infection, severe constipation, or pressure sores. Anything that would normally cause pain or discomfort below the level of the spinal cord injury can trigger dysreflexia. AD can occur during medical tests or procedures and need to be watched for. The symptoms that occur with AD are directly related to the types of responses that happen in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Symptoms such as a pounding headache, spots before the eyes, or

56. Early Autonomic Dysreflexia Spinal Cord is the official journal of the International Spinal Cord Society.It provides complete coverage of all aspects of spinal injury and disease. http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/sj.sc.3100996

NATURE.COM NEWS@NATURE.COM NATUREJOBS NATUREEVENTS ... Help SEARCH my account e-alerts subscribe register ... Site features NPG Subject areas Access material from all our publications in your subject area: Biotechnology Cancer Chemistry NEW! Dentistry Development Drug Discovery Earth Sciences ... Physics April 2000, Volume 38, Number 4, Pages 229-233 Table of contents Previous Abstract Next PDF Article Early autonomic dysreflexia J R Silver The Chiltern Hospital, Great Missenden, Bucks, UK Correspondence to: J R Silver, Consultant in Spinal Injuries, The Chiltern Hospital, Great Missenden, Bucks, UK Abstract Introduction: During the stage of spinal shock the conventional view is that autonomic activity is abolished. Here, evidence is presented that autonomic activity is still present. Patients: Four patients with acute cord transactions are presented: one new case and three from the literature. Definitions: The definitions of spinal shock and autonomic dysreflexia are given. Methods: All four cases showed acute autonomic dysreflexia between 7 and 31 days after acute cord transection at a stage when the tendon reflexes were abolished. Results: Two cases showed a severe rise in blood pressure; the two earlier cases, before blood pressure was routinely recorded, profuse sweating. In two cases autonomic dysreflexia was obtained when the bladder was overdistended with 1000 ml and 1600 ml. In the other two cases it occurred in response to traumatic catheterisation. This was found when supramaximal stimuli were applied. It has not been recorded routinely as, with modern management, the bladder does not get overdistended or traumatised.

57. Spinal Cord - Abstract Of Article: Cerebral Hemorrhage Due To Autonomic Dysrefle Cerebral hemorrhage due to autonomic dysreflexia in a spinal cord injury cerebral hemorrhage, hypertensive encephalopathy, autonomic dysreflexia, http://www.nature.com/sc/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/3101780a.html

@import "/common/style/layout.css";/* do not edit this stylesheet */ @import "/common/style/main.css";/* do not edit this stylesheet */ @import "/aj/style/group.css";/* do not edit this stylesheet */ @import "/sc/style/site.css";/* edit this stylesheet only */ Accessibility statement Jump to main content Jump to main navigation Jump to search ... ABOUT NPG E-MAIL: PASSWORD Save password Forgotten password? MY ACCOUNT E-ALERTS SUBSCRIBE ... REGISTER Text to search for Advanced search Journal home Advance online publication 28 June 2005 Abstract Case Report Spinal Cord advance online publication 28 June 2005; doi: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101780 Cerebral hemorrhage due to autonomic dysreflexia in a spinal cord injury patient , J Benito , E Portell and J Vidal Spinal Cord Injury Unit, Institut Guttmann, Barcelona, Spain Top of page Abstract Study design: Case report. Objective: To report an uncommon case of cerebral hemorrhage due to autonomic dysreflexia (AD) in a spinal cord injury (SCI) patient. Setting: Institut Guttmann, Neurorehabilitation Hospital in Barcelona, Spain. Case report: An SCI patient developed AD due to urinary tract infection after surgery for a pressure sore. The hypertension was difficult to control and the case progressed to hypertensive encephalopathy. MRI of the brain was performed showing a hemorrhagic lesion on the left occipital area. The hypertension was finally controlled and the neurological status improved although with some cognitive deficits.

58. Log In Problems Urodynamic tests have particular risks in patients with spinal cord injury andother neurologic disorders. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/492771

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59. Autonomic Dysreflexia SPINALCORD autonomic dysreflexia A possible life threatening situation Alert Card - autonomic dysreflexia autonomic dysreflexia occurs in spinal cord http://www.health-nexus.com/autonomic_dysreflexia.htm

The #1 Health information site Health-Nexus.Net Health-Nexus.Org Home ... Up Search Health-Nexus for: Match ALL words Match ANY word Email this page to a friend ! Post a question or comment on our Message Board Home Page Health Specialties Health News ... Alternative Health Options Substance Abuse Animal Health Search: Books Magazines Video Keywords: Find it Here Autonomic Dysreflexia Autonomic Dysreflexia ... What is "Autonomic Dysreflexia?". Autonomic dysreflexia ... medical emergency. What are signs and symptoms of Autonomic Dysreflexia? ... Paralyzed Veterans of America A consumer guide to autonomic dysreflexia, what should be known. For down load on PDF. Spinal Cord Injury Discharge Manual: Autonomic Dysreflexia ALS. Autonomic Dysreflexia. Brain Attack. Cerebral Aneurysm. Epilepsy. External Fixation Device. Fibromyalgia. Guillian-Barre Syndrome. Multiple Sclerosis. Myasthenia Gravis. Spinal Cord Injury... SPINALCORD: Autonomic Dysreflexia - A possible life threatening situation Autonomic Dysreflexia - sometimes called hyperreflexia ... Alert Card - Autonomic Dysreflexia Autonomic Dysreflexia occurs in spinal cord injuries ... Automatic Dysreflexia (Hyperreflexia) OTHER COMPLICATIONS OF SPINAL CORD INJURY: AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA (HYPERREFLEXIA) Autonomic dysreflexia, also known as hyperreflexia, is a state that is unique to patients after spinal cord injury at a T-5 level and above.

60. Tell Me About Autonomic Dysreflexia I have just started working with patients who have spinal injuries and would liketo know about autonomic dysreflexia. http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/ate/musclesjoints/203007.html

Search: All NetDoctor Diseases Medicines NetDoctor.co.uk Home News and features News News archive Newsletter Features Encyclopaedia Diseases Examinations Medicines Premium services SMS services StayQuit thediet Health centres ADHD Allergy and asthma Children's health Depression ... All health centres Discussion and support Discussion forums Support groups Services Ask the doctor Find a hospital Search Medline Test yourself Information About NetDoctor Commercial opportunities NetDoctor.com Tell me about autonomic dysreflexia Question I have just started working with patients who have spinal injuries and would like to know about autonomic dysreflexia. Answer Autonomic Dysreflexia or Autonomic Hyperreflexia is a condition that may affect patients with an injury to the upper part of their spine. Episodes of hypertension, sweating, slow heart beat and severe headaches may occur spontaneously in these patients, with variable severity. Treatment is aimed at controlling the blood pressure and the associated symptoms. The cause is thought to be an inappropriate response of certain nerve sensors that control these changes called autonomic adrenoreceptors. This is a very brief explanation of a complex physiological problem. However, I hope it helps. I wish you every success with your work, which I am sure you will find challenging and rewarding.

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