41. Atrial Fibrillation -- Waktare 106 (1): 14 -- Circulation B, atrial fibrillation. When patients are in AF, the atria are constantly Fibrosis in left atrial tissue of patients with atrial fibrillation with and http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/106/1/14

This Article Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Request Permissions PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Waktare, J. E.P. Related Collections Anticoagulants Acute coronary syndromes Arrhythmias, clinical electrophysiology, drugs Ablation/ICD/surgery ... Risk Factors for Stroke Circulation. Cardiology Patient Page Atrial Fibrillation Johan E.P. Waktare, MB, ChB, MRCP From the Cardiology Department, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgebaston, Birmingham, UK. Correspondence to Dr Johan E.P. Waktare, Cardiology Department, University Hospital Birmingham, Edgebaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH, UK. E-mail A trial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and effects nearly 1% of the population. Its prevalence increases with increasing age; it is relatively infrequent in those under 40 years old, but occurs in up to 5% of those over 80 years

42. Encyclopaedia Topic : Atrial Fibrillation, Section : Introduction atrial fibrillation is a condition in which the upper chambers of the heartcontract at Although established atrial fibrillation may sometimes appear in http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=44

43. Encyclopaedia Topic : Atrial Fibrillation, Section : References Electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation and flutter (Cochrane Review) . The Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for atrial fibrillation (BAATAF). http://www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk/en.asp?TopicID=44&AreaID=3003&LinkID=2407

44. Atrial Fibrillation - CardiologyChannel Atrial fibrilation, or afib, is an abnormality of heart rhythm in which the heartno longer contracts in an organized manner. Heart rate often becomes http://www.cardiologychannel.com/afib/

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store ATRIAL FIBRILLATION Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis ... Long-term Management CONDITIONS Angina Aortic Stenosis Atrial Fibrillation Chest Pain ... Congestive Heart Failure Endocarditis Heart Attack High Cholesterol Hypertension ... Stroke DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Blood Pressure Cardiac Catheterization Electrocardiogram Imaging Tests Physical Exam Stress Tests TREATMENTS Coronary Angioplasty Pacemaker RESOURCES Anatomy Cardiology Forum Clinical Trials Glossary ... What Is a Cardiologist? FOR DOCTORS ONLY Website Services Get Listed in MDLocator CME ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Testimonials Overview Atrial fibrillation is an abnormality of heart rhythm in which chambers of the heart contract in a disorganized manner, producing an irregular heart rate. Atrial fibrillation can lead to heart failure (shortness of breath, edema, palpitations) and chest pains and, when left untreated, can lead to stroke. Normal Blood Flow in the Heart The heart has a right side and a left side and each side has a chamber that receives blood returning to the heart (atrium) and a muscular chamber that pumps blood out of the heart (ventricle). Atria are relatively thin-walled chambers, whereas the ventricles are much more muscular. Blood passes from the atria into the ventricles through two processes. During the resting phase, when the ventricles are not contracting, the tricuspid and mitral valves open. Some of the blood that has accumulated in the atria passively flows through the tricuspid and mitral valves into the right and left ventricles, respectively. The atria then contract, pumping blood out and into the ventricles. Once the ventricles fill with blood, they contract, pumping blood into the lungs and to the body.

45. Atrial Fibrillation - Long-Term Management - CardiologyChannel Atrial fibrilation is an abnormality of heart rhythm in which the atria no longercontract in an organized manner. http://www.cardiologychannel.com/afib/longterm.shtml

Home Search SiteMap Ask the Dr. ... Medical Store ATRIAL FIBRILLATION Overview Causes Symptoms Diagnosis ... Long-term Management CONDITIONS Angina Aortic Stenosis Atrial Fibrillation Chest Pain ... Congestive Heart Failure Endocarditis Heart Attack High Cholesterol Hypertension ... Stroke DIAGNOSTIC TESTS Blood Pressure Cardiac Catheterization Electrocardiogram Imaging Tests Physical Exam Stress Tests TREATMENTS Coronary Angioplasty Pacemaker RESOURCES Anatomy Cardiology Forum Clinical Trials Glossary ... What Is a Cardiologist? FOR DOCTORS ONLY Website Services Get Listed in MDLocator CME ABOUT US Healthcommunities.com Testimonials Long-Term Management Every patient with atrial fibrillation cannot be converted back into sinus rhythm successfully and every patient who is converted back into sinus rhythm does not necessarily remain in sinus rhythm. In fact, within a year, one-third to one-half of all patients have at least one recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Patients at increased risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation include those whose atria are enlarged (dilated) and those with heart failure. Many medications are now available that are used to try to keep patients in sinus rhythm and prevent the recurrence of atrial fibrillation. These medications include the following: Amiodarone (Cordarone®) Disopyramide (Norpace®) Dofetilide (Tikosyn®) Flecainide (Tambocor®) Procainamide (Procanbid®, Pronestyl®)

46. Arrhythmia Treatment Options And Information At Mayo Clinic A look at the heart and its rhythms, diagnosing, electrophysiologist, bradycardias, tachycardias, supraventricular tachycardias, atrial fibrillation and vetricular tachyarrhythmias. http://www.mayoclinic.org/arrhythmia-rst/

Home About Mayo Clinic Jobs Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Services Arrhythmia Arrhythmia Overview Types of Arrhythmia Diagnosis Treatment Options ... Medical Services Treatment of Arrhythmia at Mayo Clinic Successful atrial fibrillation ablation put Frank Bourn back in the race. Read more. Research Mayo Clinic arrhythmia experts are active in many branches of research. Read more about research News Cardiac arrest patients improve with defibrillation and aggressive treatment, according to a Mayo Clinic study. Read more on the news page. Mayo Clinic is internationally recognized for its expertise and experience in the treatment of heart arrhythmia, in which the heart beats too fast or too slow. Patients benefit from Mayo Clinic's expertise and experience in diagnoses and treatment, including some complex procedures that are offered only at a few medical centers in the United States. Mayo Clinic is an international leader in catheter ablation and implantable devices and uses the most advanced technology to treat arrhythmias. Mayo has over 25 years of experience in treating patients who have a variety of heart arrhythmias and over 10,000 electrophysiology procedures have been performed during the past 6 years. Diagnosis The medical team for heart arrhythmia patients at Mayo Clinic is led by electrophysiologists . These are cardiologists (medical experts in heart care) with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of heart rhythm disorders. Diagnosis often includes electrophysiologic testing for potentially serious arrhythmias. Read more about

47. Indications For Anticoagulation In Atrial Fibrillation - July 1998 - American Ac In the Stroke Prevention in atrial fibrillation Investigators (SPAFI) study,7 Recommendations for Anticoagulation of Patients in atrial fibrillation http://www.aafp.org/afp/980700ap/akhtar.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 58/No. 1 (July, 1998) ... Patient Information Indications for Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation WAHEED AKHTAR, M.D., WILLIAM C. REEVES, M.D., and ASSAD MOVAHED, M.D. East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, North Carolina This article exemplifies the AAFP 1997-98 Annual Clinical Focus on prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Factors associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) include increasing age, rheumatic heart disease, poor left ventricular function, previous myocardial infarction, hypertension and a past history of a thromboembolic event. Patients with AF should be considered for anticoagulation or antiplatelet therapy based on the patient's age, the presence of other risk factors for stroke and the risk of complications from anticoagulation. In general, patients with risk factors for stroke should receive warfarin anticoagulation, regardless of their age. In patients who are under age 65 and have no other risk factors for stroke, either aspirin therapy or no therapy at all is recommended. Aspirin or warfarin is recommended for use in patients between 65 and 75 years of age with no other risk factors, and warfarin is recommended for use in patients without risk factors who are older than 75 years of age. A trial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common dysrhythmias, has numerous causes

48. Drugs For Conversion Of Atrial Fibrillation - August 1998 - American Academy Of atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in patients visiting a primary Although many patients with atrial fibrillation experience relief of http://www.aafp.org/afp/980800ap/dello.html

Advanced Search AAFP Home Page Journals Vol. 58/No. 2 (August, 1998) ... Patient Information Drugs for Conversion of Atrial Fibrillation JOSEPH T. DELL'ORFANO, M.D., JERRY C. LUCK, M.D., DEBORAH L. WOLBRETTE, M.D., HEMANTKUMAR PATEL, M.D., and GERALD V. NACCARELLI, M.D. Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania This article exemplifies the AAFP 1997-98 Annual Clinical Focus on prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. A trial fibrillation is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in primary care practice. According to the Framingham Heart Study, atrial fibrillation has a prevalence of 4 percent in the adult population. As the patient population continues to age, the prevalence of this arrhythmia rises as well, from less than 0.05 percent in patients 25 to 35 years of age to more than 5 percent in patients over 69 years of age. Cardioversion should be performed as near the onset of atrial fibrillation as possible, since sustained arrhythmia increasingly resists restoration of normal sinus rhythm. Atrial fibrillation is associated with significant morbidity, including an increased susceptibility to embolic stroke. It is estimated that the annual risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is as high as 4.5 percent.

49. Heart Rhythm Center, Mayo Clinic In Rochester, Minn. Brief description of arrhythmias and an in depth look at the different types including bradycardias, tachycardias and atrial fibrillation. http://www.mayoclinic.org/cardiovascular-rst/arrhythmiaclinic.html

Home About Mayo Clinic Jobs Contact Us Mayo Clinic Locations: Arizona Florida Minnesota Mayo Clinic ... Medical Specialties Cardiovascular Diseases Cardiovascular Diseases Overview Special Clinics Diseases, Treatments and Services Appointments ... All Medical Specialties - Rochester Mayo Clinic Rochester Heart Rhythm Center Our Mission: To provide cardiac arrhythmia patients compassionate and expert care, with access to effective and state-of-the-art treatment. The Heart Rhythm Center encompasses several services for patients who have abnormal heart rhythm. Specialized groups include: Implantable Device Clinic Arrhythmia Clinic Syncope Clinic Atrial Fibrillation Clinic Pediatric and Adolescent Arrhythmia Clinic Long QT/Inherited Arrhythmia Clinic Device Consultative Service Arrhythmia Consultative Service Electrophysiology Outreach Heart Rhythm Research Mayo's Electrophysiology Laboratory in Rochester is active in all aspects of the care of children, adolescents, and adult patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Outpatients are seen in the Arrhythmia Clinic and Pediatric Cardiology Clinic. Physician Staff Michael J. Ackerman, M.D., Ph.D.

50. Atrial Fibrillation Penn State Hershey Medical Center provides world class care and services to patients. http://www.hmc.psu.edu/healthinfo/a/afib.htm

51. Cardiac, Surgery For Atrial Fibrillation About research and innovations in AF at New YorkPresbyterian Hospital. Describes in detail the MAZE operation and radiofrequency pulmonary vein isolation. http://www.afibsurgery.org

Atrial Fibrillation Surgery Definition Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a form of arrhythmia, or irregular heartbeat, in which the atria (the two small upper chambers of the heart) quiver instead of beating effectively. It is one of the most common forms of cardiac arrhythmia, affecting 0.4% of the general population and 5 to 10% of persons over 65 years of age. In addition, AF occurs in as many as 50% of patients undergoing cardiac operations. Abnormalities in the heart's electrical impulses in patients with AF cause blood to be pumped improperly, resulting in pooling or clotting. If a blood clot moves to an artery in the brain, AF can lead to stroke. AF is also associated with increased risk of congestive heart failure and cardiomyopathy (heart muscle disease). These risks warrant medical attention for patients with AF even if symptoms are mild. While nonsurgical treatment options, such as electrical cardioversion, often help restore a normal rhythm initially, recurrence rates as high as 75% have been reported. Columbia's surgical atrial fibrillation program is led by Michael Argenziano, MD

52. Atrial Fibrillation - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia atrial fibrillation (AF or AFib) is a cardiac arrhythmia (an abnormality of heart atrial fibrillation may be asymptomatic, and be discovered as a chance http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atrial_fibrillation

Wikimedia needs your help in the final days of its fund drive. See our fundraising page Over US$225,000 has been donated since the drive began on 19 August. Thank you for your generosity! Atrial fibrillation From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Atrial fibrillation AF or AFib ) is a cardiac arrhythmia (an abnormality of heart rate or rhythm) originating in the atria . Abnormal electrical impulses in the atria cause the ventricles to contract erratically. AF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. If rapid, it may compromise blood flow and cause fainting orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure on standing up) or low blood pressure . In addition, it predisposes to thrombosis and embolism to the brain , being a prime risk factor for stroke Contents Signs and symptoms Diagnosis Electrocardiogram Other investigations ... edit Signs and symptoms Atrial fibrillation may be asymptomatic, and be discovered as a chance finding during a health checkup. Often, there are symptoms. Related to low blood pressure: fainting orthostatic hypotension (low blood pressure on standing up) or low blood pressure Angina may be present.

53. Atrial Fibrillation Medic8 Family Health Guide your trusted source for health information online.More than 500 health-related articles written by qualified health http://www.medic8.com/healthguide/articles/atrialfib.html

"Medic8.com - Your trusted source for health information online" Family Health Cosmetic Surgery Medical Dictionary Medical Insurance ... Help HEALTH GUIDE Family Health Cosmetic Surgery Health Insurance Women's Health ... Medical Dictionary TELL A FRIEND Tell A Friend About This Page TOPICS/THEMES Allergies Alternative Health Arthritis Asthma ... Women's Health MISCELLANEOUS Interactive Tutorials Health Products Medical News Medic8 Search ... About Medic8 ATRIAL FIBRILLATION - a patient's guide Dr Geoff Green - Physician What is it? Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a rhythm irregularity of the heart, where the small chambers of the heart (the atria) contract in an ineffective haphazard fashion, resulting in an irregular heart beat. This may be accompanied by a rapid heart rate, a reduction in the blood pressure, and reduced filling of the main chambers (the ventricles), causing reduced pumping of the blood by the heart. Many patients may be unaware that they have the condition. AF may be chronic (there all the time) or come and go (paroxysmal).

54. Atrial Fibrillation - MayoClinic.com In atrial fibrillation, your heart s upper chambers beat chaotically. Treatmentsinclude medications, surgery and procedures that help regulate your heart s http://www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=DS00291

55. Adult Health Advisor 2004.2: Atrial Fibrillation In atrial fibrillation the usual sequence of events is altered. When atrialfibrillation affects the pumping of your heart, your blood pressure may fall http://www.med.umich.edu/1libr/aha/aha_atfibril_car.htm

Adult Health Topics All Health Topics Find a UMHS Doctor Search Adult Topics Search All Topics This information is approved and/or reviewed by U-M Health System providers but it is not a tool for self-diagnosis or a substitute for medical treatment. You should speak to your physician or make an appointment to be seen if you have questions or concerns about this information or your medical condition. Index Spanish version Atrial Fibrillation What is atrial fibrillation? Atrial fibrillation is a heart rhythm disturbance. It causes an irregular and sometimes very fast heartbeat. It occurs when the upper chambers of the heart, called atria, contract in a rapid, uncoordinated way. How does it occur? An electrical impulse within your heart starts its pumping motion. Normally, this impulse for each heartbeat begins in the right atrium of the heart. It then moves along a tissue pathway to the lower chambers of the heart (the ventricles). In atrial fibrillation the usual sequence of events is altered. The normal coordinated contraction (squeezing) of the heart chambers does not occur. The atrial muscles tend to quiver and do not coordinate with the ventricular contractions. This loss of coordination sometimes affects the ability of the heart to pump blood. It can also cause an increase in your heart rate. Common causes of atrial fibrillation are: heart disease, including coronary artery disease, heart enlargement due to many years of high blood pressure, and heart failure from other causes

56. International Health News –Resource Centre For Atrial Fibrillation And Lone Atr A gathering place and resource centre dedicated to lone atrial fibrillation. Home of The AFIB Report, a newsletter for people with this heart disorder. http://www.afibbers.org

Your premier information resource for atrial fibrillation Hans Larsen's Books Current Contents Archives LAF Forum ... Message to Editor HOT TOPICS Amalgam Fillings Arrhythmias Magnesium Welcome to Our Fourth Year on the Web! MEMBERS ENTRANCE Welcome to THE AFIB REPORT and afibbers.org. Our purpose is to serve as a gathering place for people with atrial fibrillation and to actively research and disseminate information about AF. Our main focus is on lone atrial fibrillation, that is, AF with no underlying heart disease. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that the mechanisms underlying the two conditions are very similar so it is highly likely that much of the information we develop for LAF may be applicable to AF as well. Nevertheless, neither people with AF nor people with LAF should apply any of the findings reported in THE AFIB REPORT or on this website without obtaining medical advice first. Lone atrial fibrillation, although not life-threatening, can have a devastating effect on one's life. Conventional medical science has little to offer, apart from invasive surgery, when it comes to curing or preventing this condition and what it does have to offer often has serious side effects and, in some cases, can actually make things worse. I have battled LAF for over 15 years and have tried most alternative and complementary approaches to preventing LAF episodes. In 1996 I wrote an

57. U-M CVC - Atrial Fibrillation During an episode of atrial fibrillation, many electrical impulses The frequencyand severity of episodes of atrial fibrillation can vary widely. http://www.med.umich.edu/cvc/mchc/paratrf.htm

About U-M CVC Understand Adult Services ... Community Caring Atrial Fibrillation Health Effects Diagnosis Treatments References What is atrial fibrillation? An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a problem in the heart’s electrical system, also called the conduction system. During an episode of atrial fibrillation, many electrical impulses quickly around the atria causing the atria to contract in such a fast and chaotic fashion that they quiver "like a bowl of jelly". Fortunately, the AV node blocks most of the impulses from reaching the lower chambers-the ventricles. So, even though the atria are beating very fast, the ventricular heart rate (which causes the "pulse") beats at a slower rate, usually less than 180 beats per minute. Sometimes the pulse rate is lower and may even be in the normal range but it will still be irregular. back to top How does this problem affect my child's health? The frequency and severity of episodes of atrial fibrillation can vary widely. In some people, the episodes occur rarely and they may stop on their own. In other cases, medical treatment is needed to restore a normal heart rhythm. Rarely, the arrhythmia does not return to normal with medical treatment and the person remains in chronic atrial fibrillation. In this case, long-term treatment with medicines is needed to manage the symptoms.

58. SAEED ESFANDIARI Iranian doctor explains atrial fibrillation causes and treatment. http://www.expage.com/saeedesfandiari

SAEED ESFANDIARI ARDIOLOGIST e-mail saeedesfandiari@hotmail.com Atrial fibrillation treatment Is catheter ablation primary therapy for supraventricular tachycardia? Role of the maze procedure in the management of atrial fibrillation Is risk stratification practical to prevent sudden cardiac death? Sustained ventricular tachycardia: drugs, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, and ablation Outpatient initiation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy: for whom and how? Mini Quiz Sign Guestbook Read Guestbook Atrial flutter Atrial flutter may be a transitory acute disturbance in rhythm or it may be a chronic and recurrent disorder. Atria This page has been accessed times. This page was last updated Wed Dec 19 11:36:58 2001 Pacific time

59. InteliHealth: Atrial Fibrillation InteliHealth Featuring Harvard Medical School s consumer health information.For more than 550 diseases and conditions, learn What Is It?, Symptoms, http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9339/23923.html

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60. HeartPoint: Atrial Fibrillation atrial fibrillation (AFib) is a common condition. It is well tolerated by mostpeople who have it. To learn more about atrial fibrillation, read on. http://www.heartpoint.com/afibgallery.html

Atrial Fibrillation HeartPoint animation: this will take approximately 1 minute to load. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) is a common condition. It is well tolerated by most people who have it. Treatment however can be somewhat complicated and frustrating at times. In addition, it can be associated with strokes and other complications, and therefore deserves careful evaluation. The mechanism of the arrhythmia is illustrated above. Instead of the regular initiation of the heart beat in the sinus node (as is illustrated graphically on HeartPoint's arrhythmia page ), there is no single place the heart beat "starts" in the atrium. Wavefronts of activity (illustrated by the wavy arrows) spread throughout the atrium in a random pattern, simply finding another small island of tissue to depolarize. There is no effective contraction of the atrial muscle in this situation. The lower chambers, the ventricles, continue to depolarize in a normal pattern. Their activity begins in the AV node and spreads down to the ventricles through specialized conduction tissues in the normal fashion. The rate of ventricular activation is often quite high and almost always quite irregular. This is due to the fact that many of the waves of fibrillation from the atrium reach the AV node, and they do so in an irregular pattern. To learn more about atrial fibrillation, read on.

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