81. Aortic Stenosis - Heart Disease And Other Cardiovascular Conditions On MedicineN A number of conditions cause disease and narrowing of the aortic valve (aortic stenosis). When the degree of narrowing becomes significant enough to impede http://www.medicinenet.com/aortic_stenosis/article.htm

document.writeln(''); MedicineNet Home Heart Home Page > Aortic Stenosis Search Tips Printer-Friendly Format FREE Newsletters Email to a Friend ... Next Aortic Valve Stenosis What is aortic stenosis? What causes aortic stenosis? How does aortic stenosis affect the left ventricle pump? How do patients with aortic stenosis feel? ... Aortic Valve Stenosis At A Glance What is aortic stenosis? The heart is a muscular pump with four chambers and four heart valves. The upper chambers, the right atrium and left atrium (atria - plural for atrium), are thin walled filling chambers. Blood flows from the right and left atria across the tricuspid and mitral valves into the lower chambers (right and left ventricles). The right and left ventricles have thick muscular walls for pumping blood across the pulmonic and aortic valves into the circulation. Heart valves are thin leaflets of tissue which open and close at the proper time during each heart beat cycle. The main function of these heart valves is to prevent blood from flowing backwards. Blood circulates through the arteries to provide oxygen and other nutrients to the body, and then returns with carbon dioxide waste through the veins to the right atrium. When the ventricles relax, blood from the right atrium passes through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. When the ventricles contract, blood from the right ventricle is pumped through the pulmonic valve into the lungs to reload on oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. The oxygenated blood then returns to the left atrium and passes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle. Blood is pumped by the left ventricle across the aortic valve into the aorta and the arteries of the body.

82. Aortic Stenosis Patients with these characteristics tend to narrow their aortic valve area at a faster rate For more information or to learn more about valve disease or http://www.westsubcardiology.com/pages/cases/Aorticvalve/aorticstenosis.htm

West Suburban Cardiologists New: Indications for Endocarditis Prophylaxis Aortic Stenosis C alcific Aortic Stenosis is often a disease seen in the elderly. Symptomatic patients may report chest pain (angina), loss of consciousness (syncope), or shortness of breath (congestive heart failure). When severe or critical aortic stenosis is present and the patient has one of the symptoms mentioned above, surgery to replace the aortic valve is best course of action. H owever, many patients have other illnesses or problems that impose a high risk for major complications from cardiac surgery. Others have one of more contraindications for valve replacment. For these carefully selected patients, palliative (symptom relieving) Balloon Aortic Valvuloplasty can be offered. This procedure is not as durable as surgery nor does it offer the same benefits in terms of altering the natural history of the disease as is found with aortic valve replacement. Nevertheless, it is a resonable procedure for carefully selected patients who are otherwise unacceptable surgical candidates. The balloon procedure usually results in symptom improvement and increased functional capacity for the next 6-18 months. While re-narrowing of the valve is not uncommon, the procedure can be repeated safely and effectively if necessary. B alloon Aortic Valvuloplasty is performed in the cardiac catheterization lab in a manner similar to other types of cardiac catheterization including coronary angioplasty. An overnight hospital stay is almost always required. Most patients can be discharged within 24-48 hours after the procedure.

83. Valvular Heart Disease Investigation of valvular heart disease will require Readily available; Limited lifespan (aortic valves ~ 15 years, mitral valve ~8 years) http://www.surgical-tutor.org.uk/core/ITU/valve.htm

Up Cardiovascular monitoring Resusitation Haemorrhage and shock ... Physiological scoring systems Valvular heart disease Aetiology Principal causes vary between Western and developing countries Common causes are: Congenital valvular abnormalities (e.g. bicuspid aortic valve) Infective endocarditis Rheumatic fever Degenerative valve disease Ischaemic heart disease Pathology Rheumatic fever results from immune-mediated inflammation of heart valve Results from cross reaction between Group A haemolytic strep and cardiac proteins Valve disease results in either stenosis or incompetence Stenosis causes pressure load on proximal chamber Incompetence causes volume load proximal chamber Thrombus may form in dilated left atrium resulting in peripheral embolisation Clinical features Aortic stenosis Angina pectoris Syncopal episodes Left ventricular failure Slow upstroke to arterial pulse Ejection systolic murmur in 2 nd right intercostal space Aortic regurgitation Congestive cardiac failure Increased pulse pressure Water-hammer pulse Early diastolic murmur at left sternal edge Mitral stenosis Pulmonary hypertension Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea Atrial fibrillation Loud first heart sound Mid diastolic murmur at apex Mitral regurgitation Pulmonary oedema Apex beat displace laterally Apical pansystolic murmur Tricuspid stenosis Fatigue and peripheral oedema Hepatomegaly and ascites Increased JVP with prominent a waves Diastolic murmur at left sternal edge Tricuspid regurgitation Pulsatile hepatomegaly and ascites Right ventricular heave Prominent JVP with large v waves

84. Heart Disease Articles From Heart Disease Online A homograft to replace a narrow aortic valve may be the best alternative to a A look at the problem posed by heart valve disease during the course of a http://www.heartdiseaseonline.com/article/valve.shtml

Heart Disease information EVEN your child can understand ! LEARN articles links news ... dr.mani Join A CHAIN OF LOVE today Tell a Friend ASK DOC TAKE POLL VOLUNTEER ... articles VALVE Heart Disease Articles By Dr.Mani Have a question ? Click here to Ask Dr.Mani Make Your Site Sell This will be the MOST significant download of your business life ! Click For More Info What do you call a * tiny book? a BOOKLET * mini-drop? a DROPLET * small pig? a PIGLET So what's a short QUIZ Right ! A QUIZLET We made one for YOU Click Here to take a QUIZLET Click on the Target "The Affiliate Masters" course - a FREE intensive 5-Day e-mail course that'll make you a high-earning affiliate champion. HEART VALVE DISEASE Pulmonary Autograft (Ross Operation) for Aortic Stenosis Using the patient's own pulmonary valve to replace a diseased aortic valve combines advantages of a homograft with the benefits of using autologous tissue. Homograft Valve replacement for Aortic Stenosis A homograft to replace a narrow aortic valve may be the best alternative to a native valve. Valve Repair and Replacement as treatment for Aortic Stenosis Repairing or replacing the diseased aortic valve with an artificial prosthesis are discussed in this article.

85. Heart Valve Replacement, Aortic Valve Replacement, Mitral Valve Repair - BWH aortic valve stenosis and mitral valve regurgitation are two common valve diseases. Heart valve disease initially may be treated medically but, http://www.brighamandwomens.org/patient/cardiac_valve.asp

home find a BWH doctor request an appointment about BWH ... including risk assessments, medical dictionary and more Heart Valve Repair and Replacement Surgery A Guide for Patients Introduction to Heart Valve Surgery Your Heart/Heart Valves Heart Valve Disease Diagnostic Tests ... Discharge Planning/Follow-up Introduction To Heart Valve Surgery If you are scheduled for heart valve repair or heart valve replacement surgery at Brigham and Women's Hospital, you can expect to receive the highest quality of skill and care available anywhere. Every year, our cardiac surgeons perform more than 600 heart valve operations, including "minimally invasive" procedures that require only 3-inch incisions. In addition to experienced surgeons at Brigham and Women's Hospital, you will be well cared for by a collaborative team of nurses, physician assistants, physical therapists and social workers. It's no wonder that consistently includes Brigham and Women's Hospital on its Honor Roll of America's "Best Hospitals." We hope this guide helps you and your family understand what to expect with your heart valve surgery — from preadmission to discharge. If, after reading it, you have any questions, please ask a member of the cardiac surgery team. We are available to you at the hospital seven days a week. Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Cardiac Surgery — Lawrence H. Cohn, M.D., Chief

86. Cardiovascular Diseases - Heart Valve Diseases Heart valve disease, Symptoms and Causes. Bicuspid aortic valve, This congenital aortic valve stenosis, This type of valve disease mainly occurs in the http://www.nyp.org/health/cd_rom_content/adult/cardiac/disvalve.htm

Heart Valve Diseases What are heart valves? The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle. Each valve actually has three flaps, except the mitral valve, which has two flaps. The four heart valves include the following: tricuspid valve - located between the right atrium and the right ventricle pulmonary valve - located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery mitral valve - located between the left atrium and the left ventricle aortic valve - located between the left ventricle and the aorta How do the heart valves function?

87. NursingCenter - Professional Development - CE Article $16.95, Recognizing aortic and mitral valve disease Recognizing aortic mitral valve disease. Article. TODD, BARBARA A. RN, CRNP, APRN, BC, MSN; http://www.nursingcenter.com/prodev/ce_article.asp?tid=587426

88. Learn About Heart Valves, Including Heart Valve Surgery And Heart Valve Disease Mitroflow aortic Pericardial Heart valve Clinical Data Repair Repair TEE Diagnosis of valve disease Treatment of Heart valve disease http://www.carbomedics.com/sitemap.asp

Search Go Home Sitemap Sitemap FAQs CarboMedics Customer Service Employment History and Technology Photo Gallery ... Supplier Guidelines Mitroflow Contact Us Employment History and Technology About Us ... Healthcare Professionals Home U.S. Products Mechanical Carbo-Seal Ascending Aortic Prosthesis Carbo-Seal Valsalva Ascending Aortic Prosthesis OptiForm Mitral Valve Pediatric/Small Adult Aortic Valves ... Top Hat Supra-Annular Aortic Valve Repair AnnuloFlex Annuloplasty System AnnuloFlo Annuloplasty System CardioFix Pericardium with PhotoFix Technology Global Products Mechanical Carbo-Seal Ascending Aortic Prosthesis Carbo-Seal Valsalva Ascending Aortic Prosthesis Orbis Universal Aortic and Mitral Valve OptiForm Mitral Valve ... Top Hat Supra-Annular Aortic Valve Biological Mitroflow Aortic Pericardial Heart Valve Repair AnnuloFlex Annuloplasty System AnnuloFlo Annuloplasty System CardioFix Pericardium with PhotoFix Technology Surgeons Mechanical Surgical Videos CarboMedics Aortic Valve Selection Calculator OptiForm Mitral Valve Placement Techniques Supra Annular Aortic Valve Surgical Techniques Biological Mitroflow Aortic Pericardial Heart Valve Clinical Data Repair Repair TEE Implantation Techniques Mitral Valve Repair Reference Articles Cardiologists Mechanical Mechanical Valve Anticoagulant Therapy Mechanical Valve Echocardiography Biological Mitroflow Aortic Pericardial Heart Valve Clinical Data Repair Repair TEE OR Staff Mechanical Care and Handling Video Instructions for Use Biological Instructions for Use Storage Procedure Repair Instructions for Use References

89. Heart Center - Bicuspid Aortic Disease Bicuspid aortic disease; Bicuspid aortic valve; Bicuspid aortic valve Insufficiency For patients with bicuspid aortic disease, as with any cardiac valve http://www.csmc.edu/3893.html

Home Medical Dictionary Contact Us About Us ... Women and Heart Disease Bicuspid Aortic Disease Below you will find information regarding the following topics: Bicuspid Aortic Disease Bicuspid Aortic Valve Bicuspid Aortic Valve Insufficiency (Regurgitation) Bicuspid Aortic Valve Stenosis ... For More Information and Appointments Bicuspid Aortic Disease Aortic valve malformation is the most recognized aspect of a congenital condition now known to potentially affect not only the aortic valve, but also the tissue of the aorta and other heart structures and organs. Bicuspid aortic disease (BAD) refers to the condition in its entirety, including the existence of some combination of the following: Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) Aortic dilation, aneurysm or dissection (most commonly involving ascending aorta) Other miscellaneous degenerative affects Labile hypertension (rapid change with activity or stress) Back to Top Bicuspid Aortic Valve The bicuspid aortic valve is the most common congenital heart defect. It is estimated to exist in 1 to 2 % of the population, predominating in males. The normal aortic valve, as shown in the drawing, has three leaflets (flaps, cusps) that move flexibly, opening and closing to control the flow of blood into the aorta from the left ventricle of the heart as it beats. When the cusps come together as the valve closes, the shape is that of a trisected circle.

90. Aortic Valve Stenosis Bender, Jeffrey R. Heart valve disease. In Yale University School of Medicine Heart Braunwald, E. aortic Stenosis. In Heart disease A Textbook of http://www.chclibrary.org/micromed/00038250.html

Main Search Index Definition Description Cause ... Resources Aortic valve stenosis Definition When aortic valve stenosis occurs, the aortic valve, located between the aorta and left ventricle of the heart, is narrower than normal size. Description A normal aortic valve, when open, allows the free flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. When the valve narrows, as it does with stenosis, blood flow is impeded. Because it is more difficult for blood to flow through the valve, there is increased strain on the heart. This can cause the left ventricle to enlarge and malfunction, resulting in reduced blood supply to the heart muscle and body, as well as fluid build up in the lungs. Aortic valve stenosis can occur because of a birth defect in the formation of the valve. Calcium deposits may form on the valve with aging, causing the valve to become stiff and narrow. Stenosis can also occur as a result of rheumatic fever . Mild aortic stenosis may produce no symptoms at all. The most common symptoms, depending on the severity of the disease, are chest pain , blackouts, and difficulty breathing.

91. GW Hospital : Valve Disease Heart valve disease, or the malfunctioning of heart valves, affects more Homograft valves are used when the aortic or pulmonic valve has deteriorated. http://www.gwhospital.com/p6677.html

Home About GW Hospital Contact Us Search ... GW Hospital Medical Staff Related Links: George Washington University GWU Medical Center GWU Medical Faculty Associates Continuing Education Programs George Washington University Hospital 900 23rd St., NW Washington, DC 20037 Toll Free Valve Disease Heart Valves Heart Valve Disease Heart Valve Disease, or the malfunctioning of heart valves, affects more than 5 million people each year. In a normal heart, the valves serve as the exit from each of the four chambers of the heart, and enable blood to flow freely in a forward direction. When the valves function properly blood flows only in one direction. When a valve malfunctions blood may flow backwards or the valve may not open completely interfering with the forward blood flow. About the Heart and Heart Valves Blood travels from the atria to the ventricles through the mitral and tricuspid valves. Through the pulmonary and aortic valves, blood leaves the ventricles to the lungs and aorta and eventually other body parts. This entire process is compromised when the heart valves are damaged as a result of heart valve disease. There are two main types of valve dysfunction: Stenosis Stenosis is present when a valve does not open completely, interfering with the forward flow of blood. Depending on which valve is affected, this condition is referred to as tricuspid stenosis, pulmonic stenosis, mitral valve stenosis and aortic stenosis.

92. Disease - Aortic Stenosis - Hartford, Connecticut disease aortic stenosis - courtesy of Saint Francis Care of Hartford, There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease, http://www.saintfranciscare.com/11005.cfm

@import url(main.css); About Us Health Information Health Focus Todays Breast Health News ... Ways To Help Adam Article Manager Back Back to main Health Information page Disease - Aortic stenosis Heart, section through the middle Heart, front view Aortic stenosis Heart valves Definition: Alternative Names: Aortic valve stenosis Causes And Risk: Aortic stenosis is caused by many disorders. One common cause is rheumatic fever , a complication of untreated strep throat. Other causes include calcification of the valve and congenital abnormalities (disorders present at birth). There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease , or heart murmur. Aortic stenosis occurs in approximately 5 out of every 10,000 people. It is more common among men. Symptoms often do not appear until middle age or older. Prevention: Treat strep infections promptly to prevent rheumatic fever , which can cause aortic stenosis. This condition itself often cannot be prevented, but some of the complications can be. Notify the health care provider or dentist about any history of heart valve disease before treatment for any condition. Any dental work, including cleaning, and any

93. Aortic Stenosis aortic valve stenosis. Causes, incidence, and risk factors There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease, or heart murmur. http://www1.wfubmc.edu/heart/Heart Diseases/Aortic stenosis.htm

Heart Center Heart Diseases Aortic insufficiency Aortic stenosis ... Heart Diseases Aortic stenosis Aortic stenosis Definition: The aorta is the large artery that originates in the left ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. Aortic stenosis is the narrowing or obstruction of the heart's aortic valve, which prevents it from opening properly and blocks the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. Alternative Names: Aortic valve stenosis Causes, incidence, and risk factors: Aortic stenosis is caused by many disorders. One common cause is rheumatic fever , a complication of untreated strep throat. Other causes include calcification of the valve and congenital abnormalities (disorders present at birth). There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease , or heart murmur. Aortic stenosis occurs in approximately 5 out of every 10,000 people. It is more common among men. Symptoms often do not appear until middle age or older. Symptoms: fainting or weakness with activity breathlessness with activity sensation of feeling the heart beat ( palpitations chest pain , angina-type under the sternum, may radiate

94. Critical Care Nurse: Advances In Cardiac Surgery: Valve Repair - Cardiovascular The prevalence of cardiac valve disease and valve dysfunction is reviewed, The aortic valve consists of 3 cusps or leaflets the left cusp, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NUC/is_2_23/ai_100543071

@import url(/css/us/style1.css); @import url(/css/us/searchResult1.css); @import url(/css/us/articles.css); @import url(/css/us/artHome1.css); Advanced Search Home Help IN free articles only all articles this publication Automotive Sports 10,000,000 articles - not found on any other search engine. FindArticles Critical Care Nurse April 2003 Content provided in partnership with 10,000,000 articles Not found on any other search engine. Related Searches Health care industry / Research Heart valve replacement / Mortality Heart valve replacement / Research Patients / Care and treatment Featured Titles for AAACN Viewpoint ABNF Journal, The AIDS Treatment News AMAA Journal ... View all titles in this topic Hot New Articles by Topic Automotive Sports Top Articles Ever by Topic Automotive Sports Advances in cardiac surgery: valve repair - Cardiovascular Surgery - Illustration Critical Care Nurse April, 2003 by Debra Lynn-McHale Wiegand Save a personal copy of this article and quickly find it again with Furl.net. It's free! Save it. Valvular heart disease is the fifth most common cardiovascular disorder; the first four are hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. (1) Valvular heart disease may develop acutely, but more commonly it is a chronic process, evolving over many years. Severe valvular heart disease eventually leads to heart failure and dysrhythmias unless the course of the disease is interrupted. (2) Valvular heart disease affects persons of all ages who have valvular dysfunction due to congenital or acquired causes. Most valve repairs for congenital valvular disorders are performed immediately after birth or during childhood. Common causes of acquired valvular heart disease include degenerative heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, and infective endocarditis. Less common causes include trauma, lupus erythematosus, tumors, syphilis, cancer, and arthritic disease.

95. Postgraduate Medicine: Valvular Heart Disease aortic insufficiency is the only valvular disease in which medical therapy (ie, Given the good longterm outlook with medical treatment, aortic valve http://www.postgradmed.com/issues/1999/12_99/harris.htm

Valvular heart disease Identifying and managing mitral and aortic lesions Kevin M. Harris, MD; Paul Robiolio, MD VOL 106 / NO 7 / DECEMBER 1999 / POSTGRADUATE MEDICINE CME learning objectives To identify and assess mitral regurgitation, aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, and aortic stenosis To recognize which lesions are amenable to medical treatment and which require surgery To appreciate the role of echocardiography and catheterization in delineating and treating valvular heart disease This page is best viewed with a browser that supports tables Preview : Recognition and management of valvular heart disease have evolved considerably in the past two decades, thanks in large part to advances in echocardiography. In this article, Drs Harris and Robiolio summarize the initial patient assessment, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options for mitral regurgitation, aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, and aortic stenosis. Harris KM, Robiolio P. Valvular heart disease: identifying and managing mitral and aortic lesions. Postgrad Med 1999;106(7):113-28 A dvances in the noninvasive evaluation of valvular lesions have significantly improved the clinician's ability to diagnose and follow the progression of valvular heart disease. Often, cardiac catheterization is necessary only in patients referred for surgery or mitral valvuloplasty. Once a valve lesion is identified, endocarditis prophylaxis is necessary and is often the only medical treatment indicated. Some patients with aortic insufficiency have been shown to benefit from medical treatment. However, no definitive medical treatment has been shown to change the natural history of other valvular lesions.

96. BBC News | G-I | Heart Valve Disease Mr Dewar as suffering from a leaking aortic valve, a form of heart valve disease. The aortic valve divides the left ventricle, or chamber, and the aorta http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/medical_notes/g-i/727022.stm

low graphics version feedback help You are in: Health: Medical notes: G-I Front Page ... AudioVideo Wednesday, 26 April, 2000, 14:36 GMT Heart valve disease Mr Dewar's operation is expected to last two to three hours Scotland's First Minister Donald Dewar has been diagnosed as suffering from heart valve disease. BBC Online looks at the condition. What is Donald Dewar suffering from? Following Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI scan) and a cardio angiogram - a picture of the coronary arteries - cardiologists at Glasgow Royal Infirmary have diagnosed Mr Dewar as suffering from a leaking aortic valve, a form of heart valve disease. The aortic valve divides the left ventricle, or chamber, and the aorta - the main artery taking blood from the heart. What is heart valve disease? If one or more of the four heart valves are diseased or damaged it can affect the flow of blood in two ways. If the valve does not open fully, it obstructs the flow of blood - known as valve stenosis. If the valve does not close properly, it will allow blood to leak backwards - called valve incompetence or valve regurgitation. Both stenosis, which makes the heart pump faster to get blood past the obstruction, and incompetence, which means the heart has to do more to pump the required volume of blood forwards, put extra strain on the heart.

97. Heart Valve Diseases aortic valve replacement. This illustrated patientoriented leaflet is published The Society for Heart valve disease (SHVD) is a UK registered medical http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D006349.html

low graphics Heart Valve Diseases broader: Heart Diseases other: Arrhythmia Cardiac Tamponade Cardiomyopathies Endocarditis ... Myocardial Ischemia narrower: Heart Murmurs Mitral Valve Insufficiency Mitral Valve Stenosis bmj.com collected resources : valve diseases Collected resources on valvar disorders from the online British Medical Journal. BMJ collections list the most recent articles from the BMJ and other online journals within the BMJ Publishing Group, within a specific subject or specialty. Links are provided to the full-text of the document. Links are also provided to related collections, journals, books or reviews. Heart Valves Heart Valve Diseases Collected Works [Publication Type] Aortic valve replacement This illustrated patient-oriented leaflet is published on the Web by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) and authored by Thoralf M. Sundt, M.D. This document discusses the aortic valve, the aortic valve replacement procedure, surgery on the aortic valve and the risks associated with the procedure. This document was revised on 25 January 2000. Patient Education Heart Valve Diseases Cardiac Surgical Procedures Aortic Valve / surgery ... Society for Heart Valve Disease The Society for Heart Valve Disease (SHVD) is a UK registered medical charity that conducts research and educational activities into the causes of heart valve disease, and the prevention and treatment of heart valve disease or any related cardiac disease, illness or condition. This site provides information on membership requirements, Council membership, current areas of research, and forthcoming events and meetings. A link is provided to the Journal of Heart Valve Disease and PubMed.

98. MEDArticleMgr aortic valve stenosis. Causes And Risk. aortic stenosis is caused by many There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease, http://www.drgreene.org/body.cfm?id=49&action=Display&articlenum=178

99. Loyola Univ. Health Sys. - Cardiovascular Institute - Our Services - Heart Valve Depending on the disease process and condition of the valve, heart valves In our experience, mitral valves can most often be repaired, but aortic valves http://www.luhs.org/svcline/cv/services/valve.htm

You are Here: LUHS CV Our Services Last Reviewed: Jan. 7, 2005 Print this page E-mail to a friend Add to myloyola bookmarks Heart Valve Disease Our Services Loyola physicians provide patients with the latest treatment options for heart valve disease. Surgeons here perform approximately 200 valve procedures annually. Depending on the disease process and condition of the valve, heart valves are either replaced or repaired. Heart valve surgery is performed when heart valve regurgitation or stenosis exist. In our experience, mitral valves can most often be repaired, but aortic valves are usually replaced. When there is heart valve insufficiency (regurgitation or stenosis), a heart valve repair may be indicated. The valve is repaired by remodeling the valve tissue followed by the insertion of a prosthetic ring for reinforcement. The advantage of heart valve repair is preservation of the native valve tissue, ventricular function, and the avoidance of anticoagulation. Loyola cardiovascular surgeons perform over 100 valve repairs annually.

100. Valvular Heart Disease Valvular Heart disease. The aortic valve. The usual AV Area (AVA) is 2.53.5 Cm2. The aortic valve is a trileaflet structure that sits at the junction of http://www.cts.usc.edu/studenthandout-valvularheartdisease.html

Home Student Handout Cardiothoracic Surgery Service LAC+USC Medical Center Student Handout Student Handout Links Introduction Coronary Artery Disease Valvular Heart Disease Prosthetic Valves ... Cardiac Neoplasms Valvular Heart Disease The Aortic Valve The usual AV Area (AVA) is 2.5-3.5 Cm2. The aortic valve is a trileaflet structure that sits at the junction of the left ventricular outflow tract and the beginning of the aorta. The coronary ostia may be found one to two centimeters above the annulus to both the right and left. The valve has a common corridor of tissue with the mitral valve and the conduction system is located near the junction of the right and non-coronary leaflets. The usual pathology of the valve is either calcification with functional and structural stenosis or destruction of the leaflets with resultant insufficiency. Aortic Stenosis (AS): The most frequent etiology for aortic valve stenosis is senile calcific stenosis, second is calcification of a congenital (bicuspid) valve , the third most frequent is rheumatic heart disease. The incidence of rheumatic disease has decreased in the last few decades but it is still prevalent. The pathology is that of CONCENTRIC LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTOPHY.

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