61. VALVE DISEASE : AORTIC VALVE DISEASE AORTIC. Information about VALVE DISEASE AORTIC from Surgery Door s Medical Conditions Section. http://www.surgerydoor.co.uk/medical_conditions/Indices/V/valve_diseaseaortic.ht

A B C D ... W VALVE DISEASE : AORTIC Why does Aortic Valve Disease occur ? An aortic valve may be abnormal at birth: although this valve normally has three cusps it sometimes has two. This does not cause problems until later in life when it may become narrowed and cause aortic stenosis. Another defect at birth can cause aortic regurgitation later. These defects may be found at birth but aortic stenosis or regurgitation may also be caused later by rheumatic fever. There are also several other causes of aortic regurgitation. It may occur with joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and a rarer condition called Reiter's syndrome. It may also occur with the skin condition psoriasis and as a long-term complication of syphilis. This is now rare. Infection on an abnormal aortic valve leads to a disease called infective endocarditis . This usually produces or causes a worsening of any leaking of the valve. Treatment Involved in Aortic Valve Disease DIAGNOSIS This is usually made at a medical examination, but tests such as chest x-rays and electrocardiograms (ECGs) are helpful. A test, called echocardiography, uses high frequency sound (ultrasound) to confirm the diagnosis and to judge how severe it is. The ultrasound comes from a microphone-like instrument, called a transducer, placed on the chest. The sound is reflected off the heart, back to the transducer, where it is converted into electrical impulses which are displayed as a TV picture. A similar method (Doppler) measures the blood flowing through the valve. It is a good way of measuring the narrowing or leaking of an abnormal aortic valve. If there is doubt about the severity, a cardiac catheterization may be needed. This involves threading small tubes, called catheters, into the heart from blood vessels in the arm or groin. It is usually needed before an operation.

62. HSC News Details Average age at death from aortic valve disease was significantly older (age 78) than for mitral valve (age 62) and rheumatic heart disease (age 60). http://uuhsc.utah.edu/pubaffairs/news_detail.cfm?ID=28998

63. Pediatric Cardiology: Aortic Valve Disease aortic valve disease Aortic stenosis, bicuspid valve, (with labeled frame) Aortic stenosis, domed valve Hypoplastic aortic arch Subaortic stenosis http://www.kumc.edu/kumcpeds/cardiology/aorticvalvedfct.html

Aortic Valve Disease Chest Radiograph: Aortic stenosis, angiogram Aortic stenosis, infant Aortic stenosis, supravalve, angiogram Aortic stenosis, supravalve, renal arteries, angiogram Diagrams: Aortic Valve Stenosis Subvalvular Aortic Stenosis Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis Auscultation areas ... Cardiac cycle Echocardiogram (video): Normal heart, aortic arch Normal heart, branch pulmonary arteries Normal heart, long axis, (with labeled frame) Normal heart, long axis #2 ... Subaortic stenosis Echocardiogram (still frame): M-mode, left ventricle, normal M-mode values 4 chamber view, normal (4c) 4 chamber view 1, normal (4c invert) ... Echo diagram, suprasternal notch Electrocardiogram: Aortic stenosis, #1, child Aortic stenosis, #2, child Normal, #1, child Normal, #2, child ... Return to the defect index page

64. Society Of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists is the procedure of choice for congenital aortic valve disease. The pulmonary autograft replacement of the aortic valve first introduced in 1967 has http://www.scahq.org/sca3/newsletters/2002aug/lit5.shtml

August 2002 Newsletter Literature Review The Ross procedure is the procedure of choice for congenital aortic valve disease. Al-Halees Z, Pieters F, Qadoura F, Shahid M, Al-Amri M, Al-Fadley F Journal: J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002;123:437-442 Reviewers: Teodora O. Nicolescu, MD Jane C. K. Fitch, MD The pulmonary autograft replacement of the aortic valve first introduced in 1967 has since revolutionized the lives of many children. Being accomplished originally as a scalloped subcoronary implant it was similar to the operative procedure for implementation of an aortic homograft. Due to its viability and excellent hemodynamics the pulmonary autograft has proven to be uniquely suited for children. Its growth potential has made it even more attractive for use in children adding to its umbrella of other features such as freedom from embolic events and lack of coagulation. In conclusion despite some of the congenital insuffiency and need for reoperation for other reasons. Its use in case of rheumatic fever children as well as in colagen deficiencies related diseases (such as Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or osteogenesis imperfecta has given place to lots of debates. Also patients with severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis have been reported with early degeneration of the autograft making the Ross procedure unlikely to be a choice for this subset (unless they already have had the disease and are maintained on good prophylaxis). Diseases such as Reiter's ankylosing spondylitis also represent for a number of surgeons still contraindications for the Ross procedure, due to the reccurence of disease on the pulmonary valve in the aortic position.

65. Ross Procedure Registry - Results The search for the perfect aortic valve replacement continues as limitations with isolated aortic valve disease provides an excellent alternative to http://www.saintpatrick.org/ihi/rossresults.html

66. Valvular  Heart Disease essentially limits possible aetiologies to congenital and rheumatic. aortic valve disease without mitral valve disease less likely to be rheumatic http://www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk/web8/valvular_heart_disease.htm

All these topics are covered in the Not so BASIC course. Click here for details Aortic regurgitation Aortic stenosis Mitral regurgitation Mitral stenosis Aortic regurgitation Aetiology rheumatic heart disease infective endocarditis trauma: surgical or blunt chest trauma bicuspid aortic valve VSD dilatation of aortic ring: syphilis, seronegative arthritides eg ankylosing spondylitis, Marfan’s, aortic dissection Coexisting aortic stenosis essentially limits possible aetiologies to congenital and rheumatic. Aortic valve disease without mitral valve disease less likely to be rheumatic Haemodynamics avoid bradycardia and increased SVR as both increase regurgitant flow and may precipitate cardiac failure tachycardia and low aortic diastolic pressure result in decreased coronary blood flow. Therefore the combination of ischaemic heart disease and AR problematic impaired contractility with chronic volume overload and increased sensitivity to myocardial depressants in severe cases relative inability to increase cardiac output resulting intolerance of sepsis, arrythmias Symptoms tend to occur late dyspnoea on exertion due to decreased forward flow orthopnoea, PND due to LVF

67. Valve Disease - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center A look at both stenosis and regurgitation of mitral valves, aortic valves, tricuspid valves and pulmonary valves. For each one causes, symptoms and signs are looked at. http://www.tmc.edu/thi/valvedis.html

//var DOCUMENTGROUP=''; //var DOCUMENTNAME=''; //var ACTION=''; Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital Again Ranked Among Nation's Top 10 Heart Centers Click here for Heart Owner's Update This publication contains information to help you understand and live a heart-healthy lifestyle. We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here. Valve Disease (En español) Every time your heart beats, blood flows into, through, and out of your heart. In fact, your heart moves about 100 gallons (379 liters) of blood through your body every hour. Blood is pumped through your heart in only one direction. Heart valves play key roles in this one-way blood flow, opening and closing with each heartbeat. Pressure changes behind and in front of the valves allow them to open their flap-like "doors" (called cusps or leaflets) at just the right time, then close them tightly to prevent a backflow of blood. There are 4 valves in the heart: Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Mitral valve Aortic valve Blood without oxygen returns from the body and flows into the heart's upper-right chamber (the right atrium). From there, it is forced through the tricuspid valve into the lower-right chamber (the right ventricle). The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve and into the lungs. While in the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen. As the right ventricle is preparing to push blood through the pulmonary valve, the tricuspid valve closes to stop blood from flowing back into the right atrium.

68. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Aortic Stenosis aortic valve stenosis. Definition Return to top There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease, or heart murmur. aortic http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000178.htm

@import url(/medlineplus/images/advanced.css); Skip navigation Medical Encyclopedia Other encyclopedia topics: A-Ag Ah-Ap Aq-Az B-Bk ... Z Aortic stenosis Contents of this page: Illustrations Alternative names Definition Causes, incidence, and risk factors ... Prevention Illustrations Heart, section through the middle Heart, front view Aortic stenosis Heart valves Alternative names Return to top Aortic valve stenosis Definition Return to top The aorta is the large artery that originates in the left ventricle (lower chamber) of the heart. Aortic stenosis is the narrowing or obstruction of the heart's aortic valve, which prevents it from opening properly and blocks the flow of blood from the left ventricle to the aorta. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Return to top Aortic stenosis is caused by many disorders. One common cause is rheumatic fever , a complication of untreated strep throat. Other causes include calcification of the valve and congenital abnormalities (disorders present at birth). There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease , or heart murmur.

69. Heart Valve Disease : Symptoms, Risk Factors, Prevention, Diagnosis, Therapy, FA Illustration Heart valve disease. Image of blood flow into the heart. The aortic valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta (which carries blood http://www.sjm.com/conditions/condition.aspx?name=Heart Valve Disease

70. YourHeart | Patient Information | Anatomy/Treatment | Aortic Valve Disease Can an aortic valve be both Stenotic and Regurgitant? Mixed valve disease is a combination of both aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation. http://www.yourheart.org.uk/aortic03.php

Search for Home About Us Patient Information Discussion Forum ... Sitemap Anatomy / Treatment Heart CHD / Angina Myocardial Infarction Iscaemic Heart Disease ... Heart Valves Aortic Valve Disease Mitral Valve Disease Pulmonary Valve Disease Tricuspid Valve Disease Endocarditis ... Useful Organisations You are here: Home Patient Information Anatomy / treatment How is Aortic Valve Disease diagnosed? Listening through a stethoscope - When blood passes through a narrowed or leaky valve, the resulting noise is a heart murmur that can be heard through a stethoscope when placed on the chest. An electrocardiogram (ECG) shows that the left ventricle is thickened due to strain. Where the ventricle is severely strained an irregular heart rhythm or arrhythmias will also be shown on the ECG. An echocardiography (Echo) shows the reduced opening, calcification on the cusps and will assess the degree of valve disease by measuring how far the valve can open. Cardiac catheterisation (angiogram) can detect both stenosis and regurgitation of the valve. It is also carried out to detect any co-existing coronary artery disease that may be evident by the symptoms of angina. Chest X ray will show any enlargement of the left ventricle caused by its thickening.

71. Valve Disease - Texas Heart Institute Heart Information Center An irregularly shaped aortic valve or a narrowed mitral valve. Diseases of the Mitral valve Diseases of the aortic valve Diseases of the Tricuspid http://www.texasheartinstitute.org/valvedis.html

//var DOCUMENTGROUP=''; //var DOCUMENTNAME=''; //var ACTION=''; Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital Again Ranked Among Nation's Top 10 Heart Centers Click here for Heart Owner's Update This publication contains information to help you understand and live a heart-healthy lifestyle. We subscribe to the HONcode principles. Verify here. Valve Disease (En español) Every time your heart beats, blood flows into, through, and out of your heart. In fact, your heart moves about 100 gallons (379 liters) of blood through your body every hour. Blood is pumped through your heart in only one direction. Heart valves play key roles in this one-way blood flow, opening and closing with each heartbeat. Pressure changes behind and in front of the valves allow them to open their flap-like "doors" (called cusps or leaflets) at just the right time, then close them tightly to prevent a backflow of blood. There are 4 valves in the heart: Tricuspid valve Pulmonary valve Mitral valve Aortic valve Blood without oxygen returns from the body and flows into the heart's upper-right chamber (the right atrium). From there, it is forced through the tricuspid valve into the lower-right chamber (the right ventricle). The right ventricle pumps the blood through the pulmonary valve and into the lungs. While in the lungs, the blood picks up oxygen. As the right ventricle is preparing to push blood through the pulmonary valve, the tricuspid valve closes to stop blood from flowing back into the right atrium.

72. Congenital Heart Disease Cleveland Clinic Heart Center treats adult congenital valve disease. Most children with bicuspid aortic valve have a heart murmur. http://www.clevelandclinic.org/heartcenter/pub/guide/disease/congenital/congenva

Heart Guide Vascular Guide History of Innovations About Us ... Dictionary Treating the Heart, Blood Vessels and Circulation Congenital Valve Defects in Adults As blood leaves each chamber of the heart, it passes through a valve . There are four valves in your heart. They make sure that blood flows in only one direction through your heart. Congenital valve defects are valves not formed correctly before birth. Valves may be the wrong size, have malformed leaflets or have leaflets that are not attached to the annulus correctly. This most often affects the aortic or pulmonic valve. Bicuspid aortic valve Bicuspid aortic valve: has only 2 leaflets (cusps) This is the most common type of congenital valve disease, but only occurs in about two out of 100 births. Instead of the normal three leaflets or cusps, the bicuspid aortic valve has only two. Without the third leaflet: the valve may be stenotic – unable to open and close properly the valve may be leaky – unable to close tightly Eighty-five percent of children with congenital aortic stenosis have a bicuspid aortic valve.

73. Heart Valve Diseases Heart valve disease, Symptoms and Causes. Bicuspid aortic valve. This congenital birth defect is characterized by an aortic valve that only has two flaps (a http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/adult_cardiac/disvalve.cfm

[ Skip Navigation ] Health System Home For Health Answers Healthcare Professionals ... Advanced Search Health System Search Search for Information People UVa Home Health System News Health System Events (all) Health System Publications ... Making a Gift Topics All About Cancer Blood Disorders Bone Disorders Breast Health Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Dermatology Diabetes Digestive Disorders Endocrinology Environmental Medicine Eye Care Glossary Gynecological Health Infectious Diseases Kidney Disease Men's Health Mental Health Nervous System Disorders Non-Trauma Emergency Oral Health Orthopaedics Otolaryngology Pathology Pediatrics, General Health Prostate Health Radiology Respiratory Disorders Skin Cancer Surgical Care Urology Women's Health UVa Health Topics A to Z FIND A DOCTOR Adult Congenital Heart Disease Cardiac Rehabilitation Cardiovascular Surgery ... WHY CHOOSE UVA Search This Site Heart Valve Diseases What are heart valves? The heart consists of four chambers, two atria (upper chambers) and two ventricles (lower chambers). There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart). They act as one-way inlets of blood on one side of a ventricle and one-way outlets of blood on the other side of a ventricle. Each valve actually has three flaps, except the mitral valve, which has two flaps. The four heart valves include the following:

74. Heart Valve Disease Heart valve disease Updated April 4, 2004 aortic valve. aortic valve Calcification (aortic valve Sclerosis) Mayo Clinic; aortic Regurgitation Merck http://www.noah-health.org/en/blood/disease/specific/heartvalve.html

Skip navigation About NOAH Help English Spanish Both Advanced NOAH Heart and Blood Change text size: Heart Valve Disease Updated: April 4, 2004 Heart Valve Disease Methodist Healthcare System, Houston TX (also in Spanish Heart Valve Disorders Merck Manual, 2nd Home Edition Heart Valves American Heart Association Heart Valve Replacement MedlinePlus (also in Spanish Valve Disease Texas Heart Institute, Houston TX Mitral Valve Mitral Valve Prolapse NOAH Page Mitral Valve Regurgitation Mayo Clinic Mitral Regurgitation Merck Manual, 2nd Home Edition Mitral Stenosis Merck Manual, 2nd Home Edition Mitral Valve Stenosis Mayo Clinic Mitral Valve and Mitral Valve Prolapse American Heart Association Understanding Mitral Valve Stenosis Merck Manual, 2nd Home Edition Aortic Valve Aortic Valve Calcification (Aortic Valve Sclerosis) Mayo Clinic Aortic Regurgitation Merck Manual, 2nd Home Edition Aortic Valve Regurgitation Mayo Clinic Aortic Stenosis Merck Manual, 2nd Home Edition Aortic Stenosis NOAH Page Aortic Valve Stenosis Mayo Clinic Aortic Valve Stenosis Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA Aortic Valve Stenosis and Insufficiency American Heart Association Ask the Pediatric Cardiologist - Bicuspid Aortic Valve American Heart Association Pulmonary Valve Pulmonary Atresia, Congential

75. BestDoctors.com Condition Summary Heart Valve Disease When the valves on the left side of the heart are involved (aortic valve and mitral In many instances, the early symptoms of heart valve disease can be http://www.bestdoctors.com/en/conditions/h/heartvaldisease/heartvaldisease_02140

76. BestDoctors.com Condition Summary Heart Valve Disease (printable The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta, In many instances, the early symptoms of heart valve disease can be treated with http://www.bestdoctors.com/en/conditions/h/heartvaldisease/heartvaldisease_02140

77. Valvular Insufficiency/Heart Valve Defects: Online Reference For Health Concerns Preventing or curbing the progression of aorticvalve disease may involve lowering homocysteine, fibrinogen, and apolipoproteins A, B, and E in the blood. http://www.lef.org/protocols/prtcl-108.shtml

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78. Heart Valve Disease - OhioHealth Heart valve disease. aortic valve calcification (aortic valve sclerosis) Calcification of the aortic valve (aortic valve sclerosis) refers to calcium http://www.ohiohealth.com/healthreference/reference/nav-10197.htm

Home All Health Reference Condition Guides Healthy Living ... Heart Heart Valve Disease Aortic valve calcification (sclerosis) Aortic valve calcification is a condition in which calcium deposits form on the aortic valve in the heart. Aortic valve regurgitation In aortic valve regurgitation, the aortic valve doesn't close tightly, causing blood to leak back into your heart. Aortic valve stenosis In aortic stenosis, the aortic valve narrows, obstructing blood flow. The aortic valve connects your heart to the aorta, your body's main artery. Cardiovascular disease: A blueprint for understanding the leading killer You hear a lot about cardiovascular disease, but just what is it? Here's a detailed look, plus what you can do to help prevent it. Chest X-rays: Helping detect heart and lung conditions Even with today's high-tech medical devices, the basic chest X-ray remains an important tool in diagnosing cardiovascular diseases. Here's a look at how it works. Coronary angiography and other heart catheterization procedures Angiography is a way to examine the inside of your heart's blood vessels using special X-rays. Find out what you can expect when you have the procedure. Ebstein's anomaly Heart and blood vessels definitions From atria to ventricles, and lots more, look up definitions relating to the heart and blood vessels. Illustrations included.

79. Northwestern Memorial Hospital - Exceptional Care In The Heart Of Chicago diseases of the mitral or aortic valves (the valves of the left side of the heart) When patients have combined disease of both the aortic valve and the http://www.nmh.org/nmh/heart/heartvalvedisease/main.htm

Home About Us Jobs Directions ... Contact Us Northwestern Memorial Hospital Logo Physician Finder Hospital Guide Health Information Healthcare Professionals Navigation Exceptional Care in the Heart of Chicago About Us Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute Special Needs Visitor Information Parking Options Clinical Centers Atrial Fibrillation Coronary Disease Heart Failure Heart Valve Disease ... Women's Cardiovascular Health Specialists Cardiac Behavioral Medicine Cardiovascular Anethesiologists Cardiovascular Radiologists Cardiologists ... Vascular Surgeons Latest News In the News Viewpoint Innovations Cardiovascular Support Groups ... Cardiovascular Institute Center for Heart Valve Disease There are four major valves in a person's heart that direct blood flow forward through the chambers of the heart. Heart valve disease can occur with any one or a combination of the valves, and it will often lead to heart failure if left untreated. Diseases of the mitral or aortic valves (the valves of the left side of the heart) are most common affecting over 5 percent of the population. Heart valve disease implies that a valve either fails to open properly (stenosis) or fails to close properly allowing backward flow of blood (regurgitation). Our Center for Valve Disease within the Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute is led by Robert Bonow, MD

80. Disease - Aortic Stenosis - Detroit, Michigan disease aortic stenosis - courtesy of Henry Ford Health System of Detroit, There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease, http://www.henryfordhealth.org/12709.cfm

3D Tour of the Vattikuti Institute About the Institute The Vattikuti Institute Prostatectomy Prostate Cancer ... Health Encyclopedia Health Encyclopedia Back to main Health Information page Disease - Aortic stenosis Heart, section through the middle Heart, front view Aortic stenosis Heart valves Definition: Alternative Names: Aortic valve stenosis Causes And Risk: Aortic stenosis is caused by many disorders. One common cause is rheumatic fever , a complication of untreated strep throat. Other causes include calcification of the valve and congenital abnormalities (disorders present at birth). There may be a history of other valve diseases, coronary artery disease , or heart murmur. Aortic stenosis occurs in approximately 5 out of every 10,000 people. It is more common among men. Symptoms often do not appear until middle age or older. Prevention: Treat strep infections promptly to prevent rheumatic fever , which can cause aortic stenosis. This condition itself often cannot be prevented, but some of the complications can be. Notify the health care provider or dentist about any history of heart valve disease before treatment for any condition. Any dental work, including cleaning, and any

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