21. Man Hospitalized In Florida With Anthrax CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/10/04/us.anthraxcase.ap/index.html

22. MedlinePlus Anthrax anthrax http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

23. CNN.com - FTC Warns Against Online Anthrax Cures - November 1, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/11/01/anthrax.cures/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 FTC warns against online anthrax cures WASHINGTON (CNN) Internet users should beware of possibly fraudulent Web sites touting anthrax cures, the Federal Trade Commission warned Thursday. EXTRA INFORMATION Anthrax through the ages The FTC said many of the Web sites that have popped up since anthrax cases began appearing a month ago prey on people's fears and vulnerabilities. The alert, issued in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Food and Drug Administration, advises consumers to talk to a health care provider before ordering any medication online, to be aware that some Web sites sell ineffective drugs and to know who is selling the products they buy. Consumers should not buy drugs from sites without first having a physical exam and should not purchase drugs from a company that does not require a doctor's authorized prescription, the FTC said. It also advised that consumers make sure a pharmacist is provided to answer any questions about a drug purchase, and that they not make purchases from a Web site that does not offer the company's name, business address and phone number.

24. AnthraxVaccine.org anthrax Vaccine Submission to FDA. Cover Letter to Acting FDA Commissioner http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

25. Nature: Focus On Anthrax This focus is made up of two research papers on anthrax toxin, as well as a collection of Identification of the cellular receptor for anthrax toxin http://www.nature.com/nature/anthrax/

Focus on anthrax Recent events have confirmed that bioterrorism is no longer a threat but a reality. To provide wide-ranging access to the latest scientific information about anthrax and other potential bioweapons, Nature has put together a special online focus on this issue. This focus is made up of two research papers on anthrax toxin, as well as a collection of research, news and feature articles from our electronic archive. The causative agent of the anthrax disease, the bacterium Bacillus anthracis , secretes a toxin made up of three proteins: protective antigen (PA), oedema factor (OF) and lethal factor (LF). PA binds to cell-surface receptors on the host's cell membranes. After being cleaved by a protease, PA binds to the two toxic enzymes, OF and LA, and mediates their transportation into the cytosol where they exert their pathogenic effects. In addition to these Nature papers, this special focus also includes research from October's issue of Nature Biotechnology . Mourez et al . describe the isolation of a synthetic peptide that blocks the action of anthrax toxin in an animal model. These research papers are complimented by a news feature which looks at the threat of bioterrorism and researchers' attempts to counter it, and a collection of research, news and opinion articles from our archive.

26. Key Anthrax Discovery Tells how a recent discovery could lead to new treatment without antibiotics. http://whyfiles.org/shorties/089anthrax_receptor/index.html

POSTED 23 OCT 2001 RELATED WHY FILES: Bioterrorism Biological warfare Bacterial body snatchers Evolution bacterial style New infections Tainted food . Yum! The wave of bioterrorism continues. Although anthrax is so rare that most doctors have not seen it, about 10 cases have been found in Washington, DC and New York. Bacillus anthracis Courtesy National Institutes of Health As the bacterial disease continues to claim victims, researchers today identified the door that anthrax toxin uses to enter and kill mammalian cells. Eventually, the discovery could lead to a treatment for inhaled anthrax. Today, by the time of diagnosis, the patient usually has a deadly dose of anthrax toxin, so antibiotics do not help at that point (skin anthrax, however, is much easier to treat). By showing how anthrax toxin enters cells, the discovery points toward a new, precise way to monkey-wrench the disease mechanism. Adding the new receptor protein to the blood of an anthrax patient might bind up anthrax toxin so it could not enter cells. The protein could also be used to screen for anti-anthrax drugs. Both accomplishments, unfortunately, remain in the future, stressed John Young, a cancer researcher at University of Wisconsin-Madison who helped make the discovery. The experiment, he emphasized, used cultures of rodent cells. The protein is in short supply, and animal and human experiments are yet to be done.

27. World Map Click on any area or button for detailed occurrence data. http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

28. AnthraxVaccine.org Information on anthrax, anthrax vaccine, biological warfare and related topics Information on anthrax and bioterrorism was added later. http://www.anthraxvaccine.org/

THE ALL NEW WWW.ANTHRAXVACCINE.ORG Home New Vaccine Problems VACCINE PROGRAM STOPPED NEW ITEMS ... Contact Us Anthrax Vaccine Submission to FDA Cover Letter to Acting FDA Commissioner Comments and Questions regarding FDA's proposed rule and order to license Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Information on anthrax, anthrax vaccine, biological warfare and related topics This website was designed as a source of accurate information on the human anthrax vaccine, originally named MDPH-PA or AVA and renamed BioThrax in January 2002, which has been given to 550,000 servicemembers and some civilians. Information on anthrax and bioterrorism was added later. I am a practicing physician. This page includes some of my writings on these subjects, including three Congressional testimonies, and a variety of other materials that I hope will be useful for those persons making a decison about taking the vaccine, dealing with bioterrorism, or those doing scholarly research on either subject. Meryl Nass, MD Diplomate, American Board of Internal Medicine

29. CNN.com - FBI Launches 'intensive' Anthrax Investigation - October 13, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/US/10/12/florida.anthrax/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 FBI launches 'intensive' anthrax investigation Special Agent Hector Pesquera says the FBI has not found additional evidence of anthrax. BOCA RATON, Florida (CNN) Federal agents investigating what they call a "limited" amount of anthrax at a Florida-based tabloid office began interviewing hundreds of people Friday in hopes of discovering the source of the bacteria. FBI officials said they planned to interview more than 800 people including 300 people who worked in the building, as well as frequent visitors and employees' relatives about the nature and origin of the anthrax spores found at the American Media Inc. building in Boca Raton. About 100 FBI agents will conduct the interviews, which are set to run through the weekend. "We've been conducting an intensive investigation to determine the source of the (anthrax)," said FBI Special Agent Hector Pesquera said Friday.

30. CNN.com - Cyanide Traces Found In N.J. Letter; Postal Facility Anthrax Positive CNN http://cnn.com/2001/US/11/03/anthrax.cyanide/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Cyanide traces found in N.J. letter; postal facility anthrax positive TRENTON, New Jersey (CNN) A mail processing facility in Camden County has tested positive for the presence of anthrax in testing conducted by the FBI, state health officials said Saturday, while a letter found in a Newark was found to contain cyanide, a postal official said. A statement from the New Jersey Department of Health and Senior Services said final tests were conclusive for anthrax on one sample taken from the Bellmawr Mail Distribution Center. All other samples taken came up negative through final testing, the statement said. The environmental sampling was conducted Wednesday, after an employee at the Bellmawr facility was diagnosed with a suspected case of cutaneous anthrax. A spokeswoman for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said Saturday that employee was still considered a suspected case and not a confirmed case.

31. JAMA -- Abstract: Anthrax As A Biological Weapon: Medical And Public Health Mana ABSTRACT FULL TEXT. anthrax meningoencephalitis Lanska Neurology 2002;59327334. Inhalational anthrax Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/short/281/18/1735

Select Journal or Resource JAMA Archives of Dermatology Facial Plastic Surgery Family Medicine (1992-2000) General Psychiatry Internal Medicine Neurology Ophthalmology Surgery Student JAMA (1998-2004) JAMA CareerNet For The Media Meetings Peer Review Congress Vol. 281 No. 18, May 12, 1999 Featured Link E-mail Alerts Consensus Statement Article Options Full text PDF Correction Send to a Friend ... Similar articles in this journal Literature Track Add to File Drawer Download to Citation Manager PubMed citation Articles in PubMed by Inglesby TV for the Working Group on Civilian Biodefense Articles that cite this article ISI Web of Science (278) ... Contact me when this article is cited Topic Collections Bacterial Infections Bioterrorism Topic Collection Alerts Anthrax as a Biological Weapon Medical and Public Health Management Thomas V. Inglesby, MD Donald A. Henderson, MD, MPH John G. Bartlett, MD Michael S. Ascher, MD Edward Eitzen, MD, MPH Arthur M. Friedlander, MD Jerome Hauer, MPH Joseph McDade, PhD Michael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPH Tara O'Toole, MD, MPH

32. CNN.com - FBI Searches Apartment In Anthrax Probe - August 2, 2002 CNN http://cnn.com/2002/US/08/01/anthrax.investigation/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 FBI searches apartment in anthrax probe Steven Hatfill From Kelli Arena CNN Washington Bureau FORT DETRICK, Maryland (CNN) FBI agents searched the apartment of a former researcher at the U.S. Army's biological warfare defense laboratory at Fort Detrick for the second time in two months Thursday. The researcher, Steven Hatfill, 48, had previously been questioned in the investigation of last fall's anthrax attacks and had his apartment searched in June. No arrests are imminent, sources said. FBI Director Robert Mueller said only that investigators had made progress in Thursday's search, which included trash bins outside Hatfill's apartment. Sources said authorities also searched the apartment of a Hatfill friend. Mueller said an FBI profile of the suspected anthrax mailer a lone person living within the United States with experience working in labs and smart enough to "produce a highly refined and deadly product" had not changed.

33. World Map Go to South America anthrax Map Go to Europe anthrax Map Go to Commonwealth of Independent States anthrax Map Go to Asia Map Go to Africa anthrax http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/whocc/mp_world.htm

Click on any area or button for detailed occurrence data. This site is best viewed with a recent version of either or Microsoft Internet Explorer and using a monitor resolution setting of at least 800 X 600. Last updated 30 Sep 2003 WHOCC Home Page Contact the Director World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems for Public Health Department of Pathobiological Sciences , School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana USA

34. CBER - Anthrax Information FDA Approves License Supplements for anthrax Vaccine 1/31/2002. The anthrax Vaccine Is it Safe? Does it Work? - Institute of Medicine - 2002 http://www.fda.gov/cber/vaccine/anthrax.htm

FDA Home Page CBER A-Z Index CBER Search Contact CBER ... CBER Home Page Anthrax Authorization of Emergency Use of Anthrax Vaccine Proposed Rule / Proposed Order (12/29/2004) - submit comments by March 29 References and Publications Anthrax is an infectious disease caused by spores of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis . The B. anthracis spores are highly resistant to inactivation and may be present in the soil, for example, for decades, occasionally infecting grazing animals that ingest the spores. Goats, sheep and cattle are examples of animals that may become infected. Human infection may occur by three routes of exposure to anthrax spores: cutaneous (through the skin), gastrointestinal (by ingestion), and pulmonary (inhalation). In North America, human cases of anthrax are infrequent. However, the United States military views anthrax as a potential biological terrorism threat because the spores are so resistant to destruction and can be easily spread by release in the air. The development of anthrax as a biological weapon by several foreign countries has been documented. Human anthrax cases can occur in 3 forms. Cutaneous infection is the most common manifestation of anthrax in humans, accounting for more than 95 percent of cases. Ingestion of undercooked or raw, infected meat can cause gastrointestinal anthrax infection. Breathing in airborne spores may lead to inhalation anthrax. The mortality rates from anthrax vary, depending on exposure, and are approximately 20% for cutaneous anthrax without antibiotics and 25 - 75% for gastrointestinal anthrax; inhalation anthrax has a fatality rate that is 80% or higher. Cutaneous anthrax can usually be successfully treated with antibiotics and some antibiotics have also been approved for post-exposure prophylaxis.

35. CNN.com - Guard Troops Ordered To Canadian Border - December 2, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/US/12/02/rec.athome.facts/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 COMPLETE COVERAGE FRONT LINES AMERICA AT HOME Guard troops ordered to Canadian border SUMMARY: More than 400 National Guard troops will be placed at 43 border crossings between the United States and Canada and U.S. military aircraft will be brought in to patrol the border, the Justice Department announced Sunday. Meanwhile, as Connecticut officials probed the source of the latest anthrax discovery, workers pumped chlorine dioxide gas into the Hart Senate Office Building in Washington in an attempt to kill all traces of the bacteria sent to Majority Leader Tom Daschle. UPDATE: National Guard troops will be posted at 43 U.S.-Canadian border crossings, and military aircraft will patrol the border as well, the Justice Department said. Attorney General John Ashcroft said the Guard is being deployed to relieve Border Patrol personnel overtaxed by heightened security measures since September 11. ( Full story Daschle, D-South Dakota, said Republicans in the House and Senate will have to give some ground before a stalled economic stimulus package can reach President Bush's desk. "We have changed our proposals, we have offered many different procedural routes to accomplish what we both say we want, but at least for now their answer seems to be 'no,'" Daschle said Sunday. (

36. Cipro (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) For Inhalation Anthrax Cipro (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) for Inhalation anthrax Web Page of Related Information. http://www.fda.gov/cder/drug/infopage/cipro/

U.S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Drug Information Search Cipro (Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride) for Inhalation Anthrax Cipro (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) is an antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections in many different parts of the body. It does not work for viral infections (for example, the common cold). Cipro is approved for the inhaled form of anthrax after an individual has been exposed. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients and adolescents less than 18 years of age have not been established, except for use in inhalational anthrax (post-exposure). Information on Cipro for Consumers: Questions and Answers Cipro (Ciprofloxacin): Use by Pregnant and Lactating Women Message to Physicians and Health Practitioners on Cipro Scientific and Regulatory Information (Approval Letter, Label, and Scientific Reviews) ... FDA Issues Cyber-Letters to Web Sites Selling Unapproved Foreign Ciprofloxacin (November 1, 2001) Cyber Letters to Web Sites Selling Cipro Search the National Library of Medicine's database, MEDLINE, for journal references on Cipro.

37. CNN.com - Anthrax Cleanup Under Way In Senate Office Building - December 2, 2001 CNN http://cnn.com/2001/HEALTH/conditions/12/01/anthrax.hart/index.html

MAIN PAGE WORLD U.S. WEATHER ... ABOUT US/HELP CNN TV what's on show transcripts CNN Headline News CNN International ... askCNN EDITIONS CNN.com Asia CNN.com Europe CNNenEspanol.com CNNArabic.com ... set your edition Languages Spanish Portuguese German Italian Korean Arabic Japanese Time, Inc. Time.com People Fortune EW InStyle Business 2.0 Anthrax cleanup under way in Senate office building WASHINGTON (CNN) Cleanup crews pumped toxic chlorine dioxide gas into the Hart Senate Office Building for much of the day Saturday in an attempt to kill all traces of anthrax contamination left over from a letter sent to Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle in October, officials said. It is the first time the process has been used to rid such a large space of anthrax, and Environmental Protection Agency officials said they hope it will be a model for future cleanup if it succeeds. Police blocked off surrounding streets Friday in preparation to clean up the Hart building, where a staff member in the South Dakota Democrat's office opened an anthrax-laden letter more than six weeks ago. FACT SHEET Authorities try to track, clean up anthrax

38. AFIP-Radiologic Pathology-Anthrax-CASES This site provides information about the pathogenesis and imaging of inhalational anthrax, radiology, CT, Computed Tomography, Histopathology, Microbiology. http://anthrax.radpath.org/

HOME Pathogenesis Cases References ... Summary This site provides information about the pathogenesis and imaging of inhalational anthrax. The content represents the combined efforts of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the American Registry of Pathology , Washington DC and INOVA Fairfax Hospital , Fairfax VA. We invite collaboration with other institutions who have experience with anthrax. Our goal is to provide information that improves the understanding and recognition of inhalational anthrax. We extend our deepest sympathy to the families and friends of those who have died or been injured in this attack and hope that this information contributes to the prevention of future casualties. A complete list of those responsible for the content, design and administration of this site is available on the credits page Jeffrey R. Galvin, MD Department of Radiologic Pathology Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Created October 27, 2001 Last Update : November 2, 2001, 6:30 AM (ET) Next Page Department of Radiologic Pathology Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Contact Us ... Security and Privacy Notice

39. ANTHRAX@Victor Entertainment ãƒ“ã‚¯ã‚¿ãƒ¼ã‚¨ãƒ³ã‚¿ãƒ¼ãƒ†ã‚¤ãƒ¡ãƒ³ãƒˆã«ã‚ˆã‚‹å ¬å¼ã‚µã‚¤ãƒˆã€‚ãƒã‚¤ã‚ªã‚°ãƒ©ãƒ•ã‚£ãƒ¼ã€æ›²ã®è©¦è´ãªã©ãŒã‚ã‚‹ã€‚ http://www.jvcmusic.co.jp/anthrax/

What's New Profile Discography Information What's New Profile Discography Information ... Diary

40. EMedicine – Anthrax Infection Anthrax Disease Information CBRNE anthrax Infection - Since October 2001, 22 confirmed or suspected cases of anthrax infection, disseminated through the US postal system, http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic864.htm

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