41. Neurological Disorders: AIDS Dementia Complex Portegies P. Declining incidence of aids dementia complex after introduction of Zidovudine treatment of the aids dementia complex Results of a http://www.hivpositive.com/f-Oi/OppInfections/4-Neuro/4-Neu-Demen.html

AIDS Dementia Complex The most important CNS complication, that has been attributed to a primary effect of HIV, has been described using a variety of terms, including the AIDS dementia complex (ADC), subacute encephalitis and HIV encephalitis. The syndrome may represent more than one type of disease process. It is characterized by decreased concentration and rapidity of thought, loss of interest in activities, and slowness of motor movements. The link between HIV infection in the brain or in the body and this neurological condition still remains uncertain. While it is clear that patients severely affected by this disorder have HIV-infected macrophages within the brain, those with milder disease have not been shown to have active virus infection within the brain. Return to the Neurological Disorders Menu REFERENCES: Tozzi V et al. Effects of zidovudine in 30 patients with mild to end-stage AIDS dementia complex. AIDS 7: 683-92, 1993. Wolters P et al. The effects of dideoxyinosine (ddI) on the cognitive functioning of children with HIV infection after 6 and 10 months of treatment. VII Intl Conf AIDS, Florence. Vol 2: 194(W.B. 2051), 1991. Yachoan R et al. Long term toxicity/activity profile of 2Õ,3Õ-dideoxyinosine in AIDS or AIDS-related complex. Lancet 336: 526-29, 1990.

42. Entrez PubMed aids dementia complex/diagnosis*; aids dementia complex/metabolism; Adult;Aspartic Acid/analogs derivatives; Aspartic Acid/metabolism; Brain/metabolism* http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7

43. Entrez PubMed OBJECTIVETo assess the incidence of the aids dementia complex and the MAIN OUTCOME MEASURESDiagnosis of aids dementia complex and presence of HIV I http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2

44. AIDS Dementia Complex - WI, Milwaukee WI aids dementia complex Columbia St. Mary s Community Physicians of Wisconsin,Milwaukee, Ozaukee and Washington County. http://www.columbia-stmarys.org/13041.cfm

Print Search Send to a friend Home �Mental Health AIDS Dementia Complex by Robin Brett Parnes, MS, MPH Dementia is a brain disorder characterized by a general loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking as well as changes in personality. AIDS Dementia Complex (also known as AIDS Related Dementia and HIV Associated Dementia) is a condition in people with AIDS that results in the loss of cognitive capacity, affecting the ability to function in a social or occupational setting. Prior to effective antiretroviral therapy, AIDS Dementia Complex occurred in more than 60% of patients who developed AIDS. With the use of combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence has declined to about 10% to 15%. What is AIDS Dementia Complex? AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) is one of the most common and clinically important nervous system complications of late stage HIV infection . It is a serious complication and left untreated can progress to a fatal outcome. There is no way to know how quickly the disease will progress, however, since the rate varies greatly from person to person. ADC is marked by severe changes in three areas: Cognition - the ability to understand, process, and remember information

45. Log In Problems Zidovudine has been shown to be an important part of effective combination therapyin the treatment and prevention of HIV dementia. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/406332

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46. References Presentation and course of aids dementia complex ten years of followup inAmsterdam, Zidovudine treatment of the aids dementia complex results of a http://www.medscape.com/content/2002/00/42/98/429887/429887_ref.html

References for: Progression of HIV-Associated Dementia Treated With HAART Moore RD, Chaisson RE. Natural history of HIV infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. Janssen RS, Nwanyanwu OC, Selik RM, Stehr-Green JK. Epidemiology of human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy in the United States. Neurology. Brodt HR, Kamps BS, Gute P, et al. Changing incidence of AIDS-defining illnesses in the era of antiretroviral combination therapy. AIDS. Sacktor N, Lyles RH, Skolasky R, et al. HIV-associated neurologic disease incidence changes: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, 1990-1998. Neurology. McArthur JC, Hoover DR, Bacellar H. Dementia in AIDS patients: incidence and risk factors. Neurology. McArthur JC, Sacktor N, Selnes O. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia. Semin Neurol. Johnson RT, McArthur JC, Narayan O. The neurobiology of human immunodeficiency virus infections. FASEB J. Zink C, Carter D, Flaherty M, et al. The SIV/ macaque model: unraveling the mysteries of HIV encephalitis. In: Gendelman HE, Lipton SA, Epstein L, Swindells S, eds. The Neurology of AIDS.

47. AIDS Dementia Complex HIV Neurology Dementia. aids dementia complex. Dementia in HIV. Book.Home Page, Cardiovascular Medicine, Dentistry, Dermatology, Emergency Medicine http://www.fpnotebook.com/HIV47.htm

Home About Links Index ... Editor's Choice document.write(code); Advertisement HIV Neurology Assorted Pages Neurologic manifestations of HIV AIDS Dementia Complex Focal Brain Lesion in HIV HIV related Myelopathy ... HIV related Neuropathy AIDS Dementia Complex Dementia in HIV Book Home Page Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Emergency Medicine Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatric Medicine Gynecology Hematology and Oncology HIV Infectious Disease Jokes Laboratory Neonatology Nephrology Neurology Obstetrics Ophthalmology Orthopedics Otolaryngology Pediatrics Pharmacology Practice Management Prevention Psychiatry Pulmonology Radiology Rheumatology Sports Medicine Surgery Urology Chapter HIV Index Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Dermatology Endocrinology Otolaryngology Examination Ophthalmology Gastroenterology Gynecology Hematology and Oncology Infectious Disease Laboratory General Pulmonology Neurology Obstetrics Pediatrics Pharmacology Prevention Nephrology Rheumatology Page Neurology Index Approach Dementia Lesion Brain Myelopathy Neuropathy Epidemiology Common complication in late AIDS Pathophysiology Cognitive, behavioral, and motor dysfunction

48. AIDS Dementia Complex aids dementia complex. Dementia is a brain disorder that affects a person sability to aids dementia complex (ADC)—dementia caused by HIV infection—is a http://www.dementiatoronto.org/printables/AIDSDementia.htm

@import url(../styles.css); /*IE and NN6x styles*/ Toronto Dementia Network AIDS Dementia Complex The frequency of ADC increases with advancing HIV disease and as CD4+ cell counts decrease. It is fairly uncommon in people with early HIV disease, but it's more common in people with severely weakened immune systems and symptoms of advanced disease. Severe ADC is almost exclusively seen only in people with advanced HIV disease. ADC consists of many conditions that can be of varying degrees and may progressively worsen. These conditions can easily be mistaken for symptoms of other common HIV-associated problems including depression, drug side effects or opportunistic infections that affect the brain like toxoplasmosis or lymphoma. Symptoms of ADC may include poor concentration, forgetfulness, loss of short- or long-term memory, social withdrawal, slowed thinking, short attention span, irritability, apathy (lack of caring or concern for oneself or others), weakness, poor coordination, impaired judgment, problems with vision and personality change. Because ADC varies so much from person to person, it is poorly understood and has been reported and described in many conflicting ways. This publication will shed light on some of these issues as well as the available treatments for ADC.

49. The Dr. Rath Health Foundation | Responsibility For A Healthy World Reversal of apparent aids dementia complex following treatment with vitamin B12 . We believe that the aids dementia complex represented a reversible http://www4.dr-rath-foundation.org/NHC/aids/study/study43.htm

Dr. Rath Health Foundation Select Your Language Afrikaans Deutsch English / Intl. English / RSA Nederlands Arabic Dansk Svenska Italiano Sesotho Xhosa Zulu Educate! Inform! Newsletter Contact ... Sitemap Skip directly to Content HOMEPAGE www.Dr-Rath-Foundation.org Take a look at our redesigned website now! The leading website on natural health! Page Tools Print This Page Inform A Friend Bookmark This Page Quick Links Natural Health Care Studies Worldwide "Business With Disease" Interntl. Campaign ... Features Aids Research Reversal of apparent AIDS dementia complex following treatment with vitamin B12. Journal of internal medicine; VOL: 233 (6); p. 495-7 Herzlich BC; Schiano TD The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia complex is characterized by difficulties in concentration and memory followed by apathy, social withdrawal and motor dysfunction. Decreased serum vitamin B12 levels occur in up to 20% of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and may adversely contribute to the haematologic and neurologic dysfunction which is frequently attributed to the human immunodeficiency virus. We describe a patient with AIDS who presented with an apparent advanced AIDS dementia complex. There was an associated low serum vitamin B12 resulting from malabsorption due to low gastric intrinsic factor secretion. Following treatment with vitamin B12 the symptoms resolved over a 2-month period. We believe that the AIDS dementia complex represented a reversible adverse synergistic interaction between the human immunodeficiency virus and vitamin B12 deficiency.

50. AIDS Dementia Complex - General Practice Notebook aids dementia complex. AIDS dementia is a feature of symptomatic AIDS. Up to 50%of children and 30% of adults with AIDS will suffer significant cognitive http://www.gpnotebook.co.uk/cache/1818951707.htm

AIDS dementia complex AIDS dementia is a feature of symptomatic AIDS. Up to 50% of children and 30% of adults with AIDS will suffer significant cognitive dysfunction. There is no evidence that asymptomatic HIV-positive individuals suffer progressive cognitive impairment. In 6% of patients, dementia is the presenting AIDS-defining illness. Click here for more information...

51. Stensland as aids dementia complex and as such will serve as the topic of this paper.aids dementia complex is defined as a constellation of signs and symptoms http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/anderson/DSS.html

The Neuropathology of AIDS: AIDS Dementia Complex David S. Stensland Staining methods which differentiate microglial and cholinergic neurons have shown a close physical relationship between the two in the basal forebrain. In vitro studies suggest that microglia may express mRNA for nerve growth factor by which basal forebrain cholinergic neurons are known to be stimulated. It has been hypothesized that alterations in microglia, which have been shown to occur by HIV-1 infection, may have profound functional effects on neurons by disrupting the normal microglial-neuronal interaction. Normal function of cholinergic basal forebrain neurons is essential for normal cognitive function and may therefore be responsible for the cognitive dementia associated with AIDS Dementia Complex. The single most difficult factor to explain in association with HIV infection and the subsequent appearance of AIDS Dementia Complex is how neurological disease can result from relatively few infected cells with a low copy number of virus per infected cell. Some patients have very low levels of active viral infection and yet clinically apparent neuronal dysfunction. For example, children less than 3 years old with HIV encephalopathy have very low levels of active viral infection while children older than three years old have antigen levels comparable to adults. Low or absent active viral infection indicates the existence of an alternative mechanism involved in neuronal dysfunction. BIBLIOGRAPHY Gene Therapy of Immune System

52. Peters AIDS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM A FOCUS ON THE aids dementia complex Patient’swith the aids dementia complex present with characteristic and yet sometimes http://web.indstate.edu/thcme/anderson/TP.html

AIDS AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: A FOCUS ON THE AIDS DEMENTIA COMPLEX Tom Peters Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the biologic agent of the AIDS syndrome, has emerged as one of the most important threats to public health in the United States and its incidence is rapidly increasing. A highly lethal disease with over 70% of AIDS patients dying within 2 years of diagnosis. This disease has already become the leading cause of death in men aged 25-44 and women aged 25-34. The Centers for Disease Control have for the purpose of epidemiological surveillance, defined AIDS as a "reliably diagnosed disease that is at least moderately indicative of an underlying cellular immunodeficiency in a person who has no underlying cause of cellular immunodeficiency nor any other cause of reduced resistance reported to be associated with that disease." [5] The pathophysiology of HIV is indicative of a retrovirus. At the cellular level the most distinct feature of AIDS is the depletion of the helper-inducer lymphocytes or T-helper cells. The specific antigen CD4 present on these lymphocytes appears to be the target of the AIDS retrovirus. HIV does not usually cause disease as soon as it is acquired and therefore in most cases, has a latency period which may be variable. The ultimate problem in this disease is the progressive immunosuppresslon due to the lack of lymphocytes. There has been issues raised about cognitive impairment and early AIDS infection. Questions have been raised about Public safety being at risk if infected individuals were in safety-sensitive jobs. The American Academy of Neurology supports the conclusion that "there is no justification for HIV-1 serological screening as a strategy for detecting functional impairment in asymptomatic persons, because at present, there is no evidence for an increase of clinically significant neuropsychiatric abnormalities"[2]. This conclusion was also supported by the fact that impaired job performance can be caused by a number of more common problems ,such as alcoholism.

53. Los Angeles Caregiver Resource Center - Fact Sheet: HIV Associated Dementia HIVAssociated Dementia Complex (also known as aids dementia complex) is aprogressive neurological disorder that can affect persons who are infected with http://geroweb.usc.edu/lacrc/Diseases/FactSheets/hiv.htm

Los Angeles Caregiver Resource Center 3715 McClintock Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191 www.usc.edu/lacrc Email: lacrc@usc.edu Fact Sheet: HIV-Associated Dementia Complex Definition HIV-Associated Dementia Complex (also known as AIDS Dementia Complex) is a progressive neurological disorder that can affect persons who are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV-Associated Dementia Complex (HAD) is thought to be a subcortical dementia and is characterized by cognitive, motor and behavioral impairments severe enough to interfere with an individual's ability to function occupationally or socially. Facts Although the precise incidence and prevalence of HIV-Associated Dementia Complex is uncertain, it has been estimated that as many as two-thirds of individuals with AIDS will develop dementia or related neurological disorders. The leading hypothesis regarding HAD is that it is caused by direct infection of the brain by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the cause of AIDS. In 1987 the Centers for Disease Control included HIV-Associated Dementia Complex as a primary diagnostic condition that warrants a diagnosis of AIDS. Symptoms The early manifestations of HIV-Associated Dementia Complex may include: • Cognitive: Memory loss (difficulty recalling appointment times, telephone numbers, or names), impaired concentration (trouble keeping track of conversations or completing thoughts), and mental slowing (not as "quick" as usual, slower at responding to questions).

54. Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography In AIDS Dementia Complex -- Pohl Et A of local perfusion share in the pathogenesis of aids dementia complex. SPECT isan important aid in the diagnosis of aids dementia complex and http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/29/8/1382

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Cited by other online articles PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Pohl, P. Articles by Gerstenbrand, F. JOURNAL ARTICLE Single photon emission computed tomography in AIDS dementia complex P Pohl, G Vogl, H Fill, H Rossler, R Zangerle and F Gerstenbrand Neurological Department, University of Innsbruck, Austria. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) studies were performed in AIDS dementia complex using IMP in 12 patients (and HM-PAO in four of these same patients). In all patients, SPECT revealed either multiple or focal uptake defects, the latter corresponding with focal signs or symptoms in all but one case. Computerized tomography showed a diffuse cerebral atrophy in eight of 12 patients, magnetic resonance imaging exhibited

55. Reversal Of Brain Metabolic Abnormalities Following Treatment Of AIDS Dementia C patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex cortical metabolic abnormalities associated with aids dementia complex, http://jnm.snmjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/30/5/581

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This Article Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal ... Cited by other online articles PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Brunetti, A. Articles by Finn, R. D. JOURNAL ARTICLE Reversal of brain metabolic abnormalities following treatment of AIDS dementia complex with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine): a PET-FDG study A Brunetti, G Berg, G Di Chiro, RM Cohen, R Yarchoan, PA Pizzo, S Broder, J Eddy, MJ Fulham and RD Finn Neuroimaging Section, NINCDS, Bethesda, MD 20892. Brain glucose metabolism was evaluated in four patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) dementia complex using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and positron emission tomography (PET) scans at the beginning of therapy with 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT, zidovudine), and later in the course of therapy. In two patients, baseline

56. HIV-Associated Dementia Complex Also known as aids dementia complex, it is a progressive neurological disorderthat can affect persons who are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency http://www.bic.uci.edu/HIV.htm

WHAT IS HIV-ASSOCIATED DEMENTIA COMPLEX? Also known as AIDS Dementia Complex, it is a progressive neurological disorder that can affect persons who are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV-Associated Dementia Complex (HAD) is thought to be a subcortical dementia and is characterized by cognitive, motor and behavioral impairments severe enough to interfere with an individual's ability to function occupationally or socially. IMPACT TO SOCIETY Also known as AIDS Dementia Complex, it is a progressive neurological disorder that can affect persons who are infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). HIV-Associated Dementia Complex (HAD) is thought to be a subcortical dementia and is characterized by cognitive, motor and behavioral impairments severe enough to interfere with an individual's ability to function occupationally or socially. Family Caregiver Alliance 12/97 Links to other illnesses Anxiety Disorders Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Autism Brain Tumors ... Stroke Thank you for visiting This page last updated

57. AIDS - Fulltext: Volume 13(17) December 3, 1999 P 2490 AIDS Dementia Complex: Re aids dementia complex response to highly active antiretroviral therapy Zidovudine treatment of the aids dementia complex results of a http://www.aidsonline.com/pt/re/aids/fulltext.00002030-199912030-00030.htm

LWWOnline LOGIN eALERTS REGISTER ... Archive AIDS dementia complex: response... ARTICLE LINKS: Abstract References (9) Permissions View full size inline images AIDS Volume 13(17) 3 December 1999 p 2490 AIDS dementia complex: response to highly active antiretroviral therapy Maddocks, Susan; Iredell, Jon Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia. Received: 15 July 1999; accepted: 26 July 1999. Article Outline Abstract References Citing Articles Abstract TOP Few reports have appeared in the literature to date of advanced AIDS dementia complex (ADC) responding to combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)[ ]. We report the case of a 60-year-old woman with stage 4 ADC responding dramatically to treatment with HAART. A 60-year-old woman presented with a 6 week history of progressive confusion, immobility and incontinence. She had a past medical history of ischaemic heart disease with cardiac bypass surgery in 1984, diabetes mellitus and hypertension. ]. Now 12 months later her serum viral load remains non-detectable in plasma and her CD4 cell count has risen to 104 cells/mm3.

58. AIDS - Fulltext: Volume 15(14) September 28, 2001 P 1883-1884 Markers Of AIDS De Markers of aids dementia complex the role of cerebrospinal fluid assays It has always been a goal to be able to diagnose aids dementia complex (ADC) by http://www.aidsonline.com/pt/re/aids/fulltext.00002030-200109280-00020.htm

LWWOnline LOGIN eALERTS REGISTER ... Archive Markers of AIDS dementia complex:... ARTICLE LINKS: PDF (72 K) References (4) Permissions View full size inline images AIDS Volume 15(14) 28 September 2001 pp 1883-1884 Markers of AIDS dementia complex: the role of cerebrospinal fluid assays Brew, Bruce James From the Departments of Neurology and HIV Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research University of New South Wales, Sydney Australia. Received: 1 June 2001; revised: 8 June 2001; accepted: 13 June 2001. Requests for reprints to: B. Brew, 376 Victoria St Darlinghurst, Sydney Australia 2010. The article by K¶ller et al. is timely. It has always been a goal to be able to diagnose AIDS dementia complex (ADC) by an objective and specific marker. The need is now more pressing as there are several antiretroviral agents that appear to be effective in ADC. Additionally, patients are living longer, gradually developing resistance to some antiretroviral drugs and thus once again becoming vulnerable to ADC. Finding such a marker has been difficult as there is a plethora of neural toxins that have been implicated in ADC pathogenesis. Three approaches have been taken: to examine the 'effector' of toxins (macrophages/microglia, HIV), to assess the toxins themselves, and to evaluate the target of such toxins in the hope that there is something specific for ADC. Examination of the 'effector' has not been fruitful thus far, despite encouraging early data on ADC-associated mutations in HIV isolated at autopsy from ADC brains. Assessment of the toxins has been predicated on the basis that one toxin is dominant or the is the 'initiator' of the production of the other toxins. Only modest progress has been made thus far with this strategy. Evaluating the effect of the toxins has, to a large extent, not been explored as a diagnostic tool. K¶ller

59. AIDS Dementia Complex aids dementia complex. This is an illness that affects the brain in people whohave HIV or AIDS. People with it can have trouble with coordination, http://www.livepositive.ca/library/aidsd.html

AIDS Dementia Complex This is an illness that affects the brain in people who have HIV or AIDS. People with it can have trouble with coordination, have mood swings, have a bad memory and have trouble thinking in general. This is a very common problem in people with HIV/AIDS and it gets worse as time passes once you have it.

60. Science's AIDScience Archive Marked improvement in survival following aids dementia complex in the era ofhighly active antiretroviral therapy. Dore GJ, et al. AIDS http://www.aidscience.org/Jarticle.asp?Article=1347

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