21. Increased Peroxynitrite Activity In AIDS Dementia Complex Increased Peroxynitrite Activity in aids dementia complex Implications for the Neuropathogenesis of HIV1 Infection1 Leonie A. Boven2 * http://tmsyn.wc.ask.com/r?t=an&s=hb&uid=24312681243126812&sid=343126

22. AIDS Dementia Complex: Dementia Due To HIV Infection - EMedicine Health Information on Dementia due to HIV infection also known as AIDS dementiacomplex (ADC) and the symptoms associated with ADC. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/40265-1.asp

Search September 8, 2005 Registration Healthcare Professionals You are in: Dementia Dementia Due to HIV Infection Dementia Due to HIV Infection Overview Decline in mental processes is a common complication of HIV infection (and many other conditions). Although the specific symptoms vary from person to person, they may be part of a single disorder known as AIDS dementia complex, or ADC. Other names for ADC are HIV-associated dementia and HIV/AIDS encephalopathy. Other common symptoms are changes in personality and behavior, speech problems, and motor (movement) problems such as clumsiness and poor balance. When these symptoms are severe enough to interfere with everyday activity, a diagnosis of dementia may be warranted. AIDS dementia complex typically occurs as CD4+ count falls to less than 200 cells/microliter. It may be the first sign of AIDS. With the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the frequency of ADC has declined from 30-60% of people infected with HIV to less than 20%. HAART may not only prevent or delay the onset of AIDS dementia complex in people with HIV infection, it can also improve mental function in people who already have ADC. Last updated: Aug 10, 2005

23. EMedicine Health: AIDS Dementia Complex: Treatment Treatment for aids dementia complex ADC should be monitored regularly by yourhealth care provider to review symptoms and adjust treatment when necessary. http://www.emedicinehealth.com/articles/40265-6.asp

Search September 8, 2005 Registration Healthcare Professionals You are in: Dementia Dementia Due to HIV Infection Next Steps Follow-up If you have AIDS dementia complex, you should have regular and frequent visits with your health care provider. These visits allow repeat testing to monitor your condition, review of symptoms, and adjustments to treatment if needed. The visits also permit the health care provider to assess whether your care is appropriate. Persons with advanced dementia may require inpatient care in a nursing home or similar facility. Prevention Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can delay or prevent development of AIDS dementia complex in some people with HIV infection, especially if it is given early in the course of the disease. There is no other known way of preventing ADC. Outlook Despite the widespread use of HAART, some people with HIV infection continue to develop AIDS dementia complex. Others do not tolerate HAART. For these people, the outlook is often poor. For many, the dementia worsens over a period of months until the person is no longer able to care for himself or herself. He or she becomes bedridden, unable to communicate, and dependent on others for care. Support Groups and Counseling AIDS dementia complex can be one of the most difficult of all HIV/AIDS complications for you and those who care for you. The condition affects every aspect of your life, including family relationships, work, financial status, social life, and physical and mental health. You may feel overwhelmed, depressed, frustrated, angry, or resentful.

24. AIDS Dementia Complex - Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington aids dementia complex Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. http://www.swedish.org/16919.cfm

PDF Version Search Send-to-Friend Health Library Home ... Mental Health AIDS Dementia Complex by Robin Brett Parnes, MS, MPH Dementia is a brain disorder characterized by a general loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking as well as changes in personality. AIDS Dementia Complex (also known as AIDS Related Dementia and HIV Associated Dementia) is a condition in people with AIDS that results in the loss of cognitive capacity, affecting the ability to function in a social or occupational setting. Prior to effective antiretroviral therapy, AIDS Dementia Complex occurred in more than 60% of patients who developed AIDS. With the use of combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence has declined to about 10% to 15%. What is AIDS Dementia Complex? AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) is one of the most common and clinically important nervous system complications of late stage HIV infection . It is a serious complication and left untreated can progress to a fatal outcome. There is no way to know how quickly the disease will progress, however, since the rate varies greatly from person to person. ADC is marked by severe changes in three areas: Cognition - the ability to understand, process, and remember information

25. AIDS Dementia Complex - New Jersey aids dementia complex New Jersey - courtesy of Somerset Medical of Somerville,New Jersey. http://www.somersetmedicalcenter.com/18524.cfm

Community Advisor Search Send to a friend Home  Mental Health AIDS Dementia Complex by Robin Brett Parnes, MS, MPH Dementia is a brain disorder characterized by a general loss of intellectual abilities involving impairment of memory, judgment, and abstract thinking as well as changes in personality. AIDS Dementia Complex (also known as AIDS Related Dementia and HIV Associated Dementia) is a condition in people with AIDS that results in the loss of cognitive capacity, affecting the ability to function in a social or occupational setting. Prior to effective antiretroviral therapy, AIDS Dementia Complex occurred in more than 60% of patients who developed AIDS. With the use of combination highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence has declined to about 10% to 15%. What is AIDS Dementia Complex? AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) is one of the most common and clinically important nervous system complications of late stage HIV infection . It is a serious complication and left untreated can progress to a fatal outcome. There is no way to know how quickly the disease will progress, however, since the rate varies greatly from person to person. ADC is marked by severe changes in three areas: Cognition - the ability to understand, process, and remember information

26. AIDS Dementia Complex The document is also available here as a PDF, requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader.Patient Education Handout Publication Type; aids dementia complex; http://omni.ac.uk/browse/mesh/D015526.html

low graphics AIDS Dementia Complex broader: Dementia other: Alzheimer Disease Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome Dementia, Vascular Huntington Disease ... Brain briefings : HIV's brain assault This is one of the Brain Briefing newsletters produced by the Society for Neuroscience specifically for a lay audience. The aim of these patient-oriented documents is "to explain how basic neuroscience discoveries lead to clinical applications". This document titled "HIV's Brain Assault" covers HIV-associated dementia, HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HIV's relationship with the brain and current therapy being tested with patients. Written in December 1999, this document contains illustrations and images. Patient Education HIV Brain Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ... Facts about dementia: what is Aids-related cognitive impairment? This fact sheet, one of a series from the Alzheimer's Society intended for patients and carers, describes briefly how HIV may affect the brain. It outlines the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the condition. The document is also available here as a PDF, requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader. Patient Education Handout [Publication Type] AIDS Dementia Complex Last modified: 02 Sep 2005

27. Search Result For "AIDS Dementia Complex" NOAH pages containing aids dementia complex . Displaying 15 of 153 aids dementia complex; aids dementia complex; aids dementia complex; Dementia and http://www.noah-health.org/search/results.php?lang=1&keyword=AIDS Dementia Compl

28. AIDS Dementia Complex aids dementia complex Updated June 8, 2005 aids dementia complex SomersetMedical Center, Somerville NJ; Dementia and Central Nervous System Problems http://www.noah-health.org/en/infectious/aids/infections/dementia.html

Skip navigation About NOAH Help English Spanish Both Advanced NOAH Infectious Diseases Change text size: AIDS Dementia Complex Updated: June 8, 2005 AIDS Dementia Complex AEGiS AIDS Dementia Complex Project Inform (also in Spanish AIDS Dementia Complex Somerset Medical Center, Somerville NJ Dementia and Central Nervous System Problems New Mexico AIDS InfoNet (also in Spanish HIV Dementia Risk Causes New Concerns The Body Researched by NOAH Contributing Editor: NOAH Team NOAH Infectious Diseases AIDS AIDS-Related Illnesses and Opportunistic Infections > AIDS Dementia Complex Health Topics Index A to Z Page of the Month Advanced Search ... Feedback

29. AIDS Dementia Complex - New Treatments, January 22, 2005 New Treatments for aids dementia complex, January 22, 2005. http://www.medical-library.org/journals2a/aids_dementia.htm

Click here to view next page of this article AIDS Dementia Complex HIV/CNS infections: it appears that infections of the nervous system - we see this particularly in the spinal fluid but probably the same thing is true in the brain - that it’s an intrinsic part of the ecology of HIV. One of the things that is puzzling about that is that early infection for a protracted period of time, despite this infection or exposure to the nervous system, it is entirely asymptomatic, even though we might find abnormalities in the spinal fluid. Only under certain conditions late in AIDS dementia complex. There are two variants that we encompass within the definition of AIDS dementia complex, and sometimes they are separated out. One is the dementia or the brain problem, the cerebral problem, which is a combination really of cognitive Myelopathy. This syndrome is a coherent syndrome that has a hierarchy of symptoms and signs, although with some variability. Early on patients, the major problem is slowing of both cognitive and motor spheres. So patients complain of some difficulty with concentration, focusing on things and so forth, and they may also have mild motor slowing. Later on, that is those that progress - and they don’t all progress - other domains are involved cognitively. Then there’s a sub-group within this pathology of patients who have true HIV infection or HIV encephalitis. In this case marked by macrophage infiltration and you probably can’t see but a number of these macrophages are multinucleated and that’s the so-called multinucleated-cell encephalitis, which is true HIV encephalitis. These are HIV-infected macrophages. The major cell that is productively infected in the brain, which has been known for some time, is the macrophage or microglial cell. Subsequently more recently it has been shown that other cells can be infected.

30. AIDS Dementia Complex aids dementia complex. Diffuse and Bilateral. Assymetric. White Matter Changes.Vacuolar Change; Atrophy (periventricular). Previous slide Next slide http://rad.usuhs.mil/rad/handouts/jsmirnio/aids-2000/tsld015.htm

AIDS Dementia Complex Diffuse and Bilateral Assymetric White Matter Changes Vacuolar Change Atrophy (periventricular) Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

31. AIDS Dementia Complex aids dementia complex. Direct infection of brain by HIV. Indirect effect ofinfected macrophages. HIV outer coat protein GP120; HIV TAT protein is http://rad.usuhs.mil/rad/handouts/jsmirnio/aids-2000/tsld014.htm

AIDS Dementia Complex Direct infection of brain by HIV Indirect effect of infected macrophages: HIV outer coat protein GP120 HIV TAT protein is neurotoxic Release of quinolinic acid into brain Previous slide Next slide Back to first slide View graphic version

32. AIDS Dementia Overlay Slice 10 Because previous studies have shown that aids dementia complex (ADC) is associatedwith both functional defects and structural evidence of brain volume loss http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/case14/mr1-tc1/010.html

Tour 1 Next Previous Start : These images show typical findings in AIDS dementia: patchy hypoperfusion with a multifocal distribution which tends to be seen prominently in the frontal lobes. Compare with normal Home Help Clinical ... Tour 1 Slice 10 Click on sagittal image to select slice. Click on thin tickmark to change timepoint, or thick tickmark for overlay. Keith A. Johnson (keith@bwh.harvard.edu), J. Alex Becker (jabecker@mit.edu)

33. AIDS Dementia Complex: A Treatment Lesson From AIDSmeds.com An easyto-read guide for people living with HIV AIDS with lessons on importanttreatment issues, from AIDSmeds.com. http://www.aidsmeds.com/OIs/Dementia.htm

Join our confidential mailing list! Enter your email address: LESSONS DRUGS FORUMS BLOGS ... HOME AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) What is it? AIDS dementia complex (ADC), sometimes called HIV-associated dementia (HAD), is different than other types of AIDS-related illnesses. Most AIDS-related illnesses are caused by other infections (such as bacteria, fungi, and other viruses). ADC is one of the only illnesses that can be caused directly by HIV. HIV can pass into the brain. In fact, some studies show that HIV enters the brain in as few as two days after the virus first enters the body. HIV can damage nerve cells in the brain, although researchers don't totally understand how this happens. ADC can happen at any T-cell count. However, it is much more likely to occur when the T-cell count falls below 200. This is because the immune system plays a major role in protecting nerves in the brain. If the immune system becomes suppressed, HIV and other organisms can damage these nerves and affect the way the brain works. It has been estimated that between 20% and 35% of all HIV-positive people will eventually develop some symptoms of ADC. However, the number of HIV-positive people with ADC is much lower today, thanks to the availability of powerful anti-HIV drug therapy.

34. AIDS Dementia Complex: A Treatment Lesson From AIDSmeds.com An easyto-read guide for people living with HIV AIDS with lessons on importanttreatment issues, from AIDSmeds.com. http://www.aidsmeds.com/OIs/Dementia1.htm

Join our confidential mailing list! Enter your email address: LESSONS DRUGS FORUMS BLOGS ... HOME AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) What is it? AIDS dementia complex (ADC), sometimes called HIV-associated dementia (HAD), is different than other types of AIDS-related illnesses. Most AIDS-related illnesses are caused by other infections (such as bacteria, fungi, and other viruses). ADC is one of the only illnesses that can be caused directly by HIV. HIV can pass into the brain. In fact, some studies show that HIV enters the brain in as few as two days after the virus first enters the body. HIV can damage nerve cells in the brain, although researchers don't totally understand how this happens. ADC can happen at any T-cell count. However, it is much more likely to occur when the T-cell count falls below 200. This is because the immune system plays a major role in protecting nerves in the brain. If the immune system becomes suppressed, HIV and other organisms can damage these nerves and affect the way the brain works. It has been estimated that between 20% and 35% of all HIV-positive people will eventually develop some symptoms of ADC. However, the number of HIV-positive people with ADC is much lower today, thanks to the availability of powerful anti-HIV drug therapy.

35. AIDS Dementia Complex - YourDictionary.com - American Heritage Dictionary Search Mamma.com for aids dementia complex aids dementia complex n.The neurological disease complex that is sometimes experienced by AIDS patients, http://www.yourdictionary.com/ahd/a/a0154550.html

Search Mamma.com for "AIDS dementia complex" Search: Normal Definitions Short defs (Pronunciation Key) AIDS dementia complex n. The neurological disease complex that is sometimes experienced by AIDS patients, caused by neuron injury and death and characterized by cognitive impairment. Back to Search Back The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

36. 61. Factors Associated With AIDS Dementia Complex Background Recently, the incidence of aids dementia complex (ADC) has been foundto have halved as a consequence of the introduction of highly active http://www.retroconference.org/2002/Abstract/13381.htm

Abstract E-mail Abstract Author Add To Itinerary Session Search Abstracts ... Program Session 15 Oral Abstract Session Neuropathogenesis Session Time: Tuesday, 10 am - 12:30 pm Room 606-609 Factors Associated with AIDS Dementia Complex B. Brew* , M. Fulham , and R. Garsia St. Vincent's Hosp. and Royal Prince Alfred Hosp., Sydney, Australia Background: Recently, the incidence of AIDS dementia complex (ADC) has been found to have halved as a consequence of the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) but it is unknown whether this can be maintained with long-term HAART. Moreover, it is not clear what factors are important in ADC development in patients who are taking HAART and who have plasma HIV viral suppression. Methods: HIV-infected patients who were well and without clinical evidence of ADC were enrolled in a 4-year prospective study to determine the factors that govern involvement of the brain by HIV. Plasma HIV viral load was 400 copies/ mL At entry all were assessed neurologically and neuropsychologically with a standard battery.

37. PharmGKB: AIDS Dementia Complex Alternate Names, AIDS Encephalopathies; AIDS Encephalopathy; AIDS Related DementiaComplex; AIDSRelated Dementia Complex; Acquired-Immune Deficiency http://www.pharmgkb.org/do/serve?objId=PA446196&objCls=Disease

38. Dementia aids dementia complex (ADC) can be a serious problem with a poor prognosis.aids dementia complex is a term used to describe cognitive, motor and behavioral http://www.rnceus.com/hiv/Dementia.htm

AIDS Dementia Complex AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) can be a serious problem with a poor prognosis. AIDS Dementia Complex is a term used to describe cognitive, motor and behavioral neurological impairments that are unrelated to opportunistic infections. These impairments significantly impair activities of daily living, resulting in decreased independence. A AIDS - Advanced HIV infection D Dementia - Cognitive impairment worsening during late-stage HIV infection C Complex - A condition consisting of neuropsychologic disturbances in the areas of cognition, motor function, and behavior In the central nervous system, HIV penetrates the blood-brain barrier, infecting CD4 + cells in the brain (Kalichman, 1998). HIV dementia is a subcortical dementia (Gabrieli, 1995), affecting structures beneath the cerebral cortex. Because the basal ganglia are affected, HIV-associated cognitive disorders (including dementia) share many features with diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Huntington disease. People with damage or dysfunction in the basal ganglia have slower thought processes (bradyphrenia), and move more slowly (bradykinesia). They are forgetful, but may often recall information if given enough time. Diagnosis is difficult, as symptoms may vary. A thorough evaluation is necessary to determine the cause of cognitive impairment and appropriate treatment. Procedures used in the diagnostic process include: neuropsychological testing; mental status examination; neuropsychiatric interview; neurologic examination; and radiologic and laboratory testing.

39. AIDS Dementia Alzheimer's Outreach The term aids dementia complex. It has now been established that HIV can have adirect aids dementia complex (ADC) is a term used to describe dementia, http://www.zarcrom.com/users/alzheimers/odem/aids6.html

AIDS Dementia Complex The term AIDS Dementia Complex It has now been established that HIV can have a direct effect on the brain. AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a term used to describe dementia, which is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Other terms are sometimes used such as HIV/AIDS Encephalopathy, HIV/AIDS Related Brain Impairment and AIDS related dementia. The term ADC will be used in this text to refer to dementia in people with AIDS caused by HIV, which these terms also describe. The difference between ADC and Opportunist Infections of the Brain HIV is not the only cause of dementia in people suffering from AIDS. As a result of the body's weakened defence system, other kinds of viruses, bacteria or organisms can attack the brain. This kind of dementia is generally referred to as an "opportunist infection of the brain" as it literally takes opportunity of the weakened body. It is important to realise that it is a side effect of the presence of HIV in the body, whereas ADC is caused directly by HIV entering into the Central Nervous System, which is comprised of the brain and the spinal cord. This differentiation is all the more important as opportunist infections are often treatable. Opportunist infections include : Cryptococcal Meningitis : An inflammation of the membrane covering the brain caused by a yeast-type fungus Cerebral Toxoplasmosis : This is caused by a parasite which can be passed on to people directly via the cat and indirectly by eating raw meat. It is the second most common opportunist infection and it is estimated that about one quarter of people with HIV are affected.

40. AIDS Dementia Alzheimer's Outreach aids dementia complex (ADC) is a complicated syndrome made up of different nervous In 1985, Drs. Navia and Price oined the name aids dementia complex. http://www.zarcrom.com/users/alzheimers/odem/aids5.html

AIDS Dementia Complex (By Derek Link, reprinted from Treatment Issues, Vol. 6 #2, Feb. 1992, Pages 4-6, 8-9) Dementia is an organic mental disorder defined as a loss of intellectual abilities interfering with a person’s social or occupational function. AIDS dementia complex (ADC) is a complicated syndrome made up of different nervous system and mental symptoms found somewhat commonly in people with HIV-disease. The frequency of ADC increases with advancing disease. It is fairly uncommon in persons with early HIV disease, but is found more common in AIDS patients with system-wide symptoms. ADC consists of many progressive conditions which can be mistaken for other problems, such as depression, drug-induced side effects, or specific opportunistic infections which affect the brain like toxoplasmosis or lymphoma. Symptoms of ADC may include: poor concentration, forgetfulness, loss of short-or long-term memory, social withdrawal, slowed thinking, short attention span, irritability, apathy, weakness, poor coordination, impaired judgment, and personality change, to name a few. Because there are many different manifestations of ADC, the syndrome is poorly understood and has been reported and described in a variety of conflicting ways. This article will attempt to illuminate some of the complicated issues surrounding AIDS-related dementia in adults, as well as the treatment options which are available. Background and Symptoms Nervous system and mental diseases thought to be associated with, or caused by, HIV have been reported since the earliest days of the epidemic. Such manifestations were given a variety of names and descriptions by many different researchers. "HIV encephalopathy or encephalitis," "subacute encephalitis," and "progressive dementia" are all names once used to describe this syndrome. In 1985, Drs. Navia and Price oined the name "AIDS dementia complex." Since that time, the condition has been added to the list of AIDS-defining illnesses and has been future refined for surveillance purposes by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). In May, 1991, Dr. Janssen and colleagues published the most recent working definition of ADC, which includes only the most debilitating manifestations and leaves out some of the more common, but harder to detect symptoms, such as irritability and moodiness.

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