81. ISLAMIC CULTURE AMONGST THE NGUNI (XHOSA & ZULU) PEOPLES Islamic Culture Amongst The Nguni (Xhosa zulu) peoples Since this has beencommon amongst contemporary South African Muslims, many of them chose to http://www.uga.edu/islam/islam_nguni.html

Muhammed Haron Introduction: After the Government of National Unity came to power after South Africa’s first democratic elections, its members embarked upon numerous reforms; amongst these was providing the necessary space for religious traditions to freely function and operate. Islam, which belonged to the marginalised religious traditions during the era of apartheid, was recognized as one of the traditions which struggled alongside others to bring about social justice in South Africa. During the apartheid period the South African society witnessed the gradual growth of Islam, particularly amongst the Africans. This phenomena not only alarmed the Churches - particularly the Nederlandse Gereformeerde Kerk which was the state church, but also those amongst the government circles. This, as well as other developments, caused the 1986 NGK synod to once again declare that “Islam was a false religion;” a view which many of the Black churchgoers did not accept. In the 1960s the government and the NGK church espoused the opinion that there were three dangers; these were the spread of Communism, the entrenchment of Black power, and the challenge posed by Islam. The mere fact that Islam was earmarked as one of the potential dangers in southern Africa has led to many Blacks to ask questions about its philosophy and practices. Another factor which also aroused their interest were the visits of Afro-American Muslims such as Muhammad ‘Ali, the former world boxing champion, and Farakhan, the leader of the Nation of Islam.

82. HREOC Website - Bringing Them Home - Text Only Version relations with the Khoikhoi and San, indigenous people living in South africa . Overall, many indigenous people lost their lives or were imprisoned. http://www.hreoc.gov.au/bth/text_versions/map/international/south_africa.html

BTH Home BTH Text-Only Home About the Inquiry Track the History ... South Africa Bringing them home - Chart Developments in Other Countries South Africa Early Settlement In , Jan van Riebeeck of the Dutch East India Company arrived at the Cape of Good Hope after receiving instructions to set up an outpost en route to Asia for trade. Although privately owned, the Dutch East India Company was given authority by the Dutch Government to colonise territories and enslave the Indigenous people as workers. Initially, the Dutch established good relations with the Khoikhoi and San, Indigenous people living in South Africa. Most of the settlers were simply traders, so they never built permanent settlements. Even so, many of the Khoikhoi and San were used as cheap labour, in addition to slaves brought over from India and West Africa. The most immediate result of this settlement was disease and dispossession. The Europeans brought new diseases, such as smallpox and measles, to the Cape causing the deaths of many Indigenous people. Those that remained were enslaved to work as cheap labour. The growing European population also demanded more land for agriculture and development. By the early 1700s , the Khoikhoi had lost most of their land to the Boer settlers.

83. MSN Encarta - African Literature more Encarta Search. Search Encarta about African Literature of regularcontact between European settlers or traders and the indigenous peoples, http://uk.encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761555353/African_Literature.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Search ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Abrahams, Peter Achebe, Chinua more... Encarta Search Search Encarta about African Literature Advertisement African Literature Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 2 items Article Outline Introduction Pre-19th-Century Literature The Early 20th Century Contemporary Literature I Introduction Print Preview of Section African Literature , works of poetry, fiction, and non-fiction, published in written form in various media (books, journals, manuscripts, inscriptions on public monuments), by writers of direct African descent from countries south of the Sahara. African oral traditions of storytelling mean that the pioneering works of African fiction have been largely unavailable in print. Vast numbers of various peoples across sub-Saharan Africa mainly relied on the oral relaying of stories and styles of storytelling from one generation of a family to the next. This preserved a repertoire of tales peculiar to their culture which was also a record of African history. As such, African literature has traditionally blurred the boundaries of fiction and non-fiction as perceived in the West. It continues to confound these categories in other aspects of style. In traditional society, the business of telling stories was often professionalized. Male children learnt the art from their elders and matured when they acquired an established repertoire of stories and styles. Examples of this are in the traditions of the

84. SOUTH AFRICA Visa Application - Tourist Visas, Business Visas, Expedited Visas - People have inhabited southern africa for thousands of years. The Nguni,ancestors of the zulu and Xhosa, occupied most of the eastern coast by 1500. http://www.travisa.com/SouthAfrica/south_africa_portal.htm

Visa Instruction Sheet Visa Application Fees Non-US Citizen Info ... Registration with U.S. Embassies Immunizations Customs Info Map U.S. Embassy ... Travel Insurance Choose Your Destination A Afghanistan Albania Algeria Angola Antigua Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan B Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bolivia Bosnia Botswana Brazil British Virgin Islands Brunei Durassalam Burkina Faso Bulgaria Burundi C Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands C. A. R. Chad China Chile Congo Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Colombia Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic D Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic D.R. of Congo E Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Equatorial Guinea F Fiji Finland France G Gabon Gambia Georgia Germany Ghana Great Britain Greece Grenada Guam Guatemala Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana H Haiti Honduras Hong Kong Hungary I Iceland India Indonesia Israel Italy Iran Iraq Ireland Ivory Coast J Jamaica Japan Jordan K Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Korea, South

85. South Africa Travel | The People Of South Africa South African Travel information proided on the people of the country by AfricanSky. The main groups of indigenous people are the following http://www.africansky.com/travel/thepeople.html

South Africa Travel Home About Us Tours Safari ... Terms The People you will encounter when traveling to South Africa Blacks form the largest part of the rainbow nation (79%), followed by the Whites (9,6%), then Coloured (8,9%) and the Asians (2,5%). The main groups of indigenous people are the following: Basotho: On plateau west of Lesotho part of greater Sotho group. Tswana: On western plateau, related to Basotho. Xhosa: Eastern Cape, part of Nguni people. Swazi: From Swaziland, part of Nguni people. Ndebele: Limpopo, part of Nguni people. Venda: Tsonga: Related to people of Mozambique. Pedi: North of central plateau, part of Northern Sotho group. Zulu: Kwazulu-Natal, part of Nguni people. Nama: Northern Cape, related to Khoi-Khoi people. San (Bushmen): Northern Cape, nomadic. Very few still in SA. There are 11 official languages in South Africa but English is the most commonly used and understood, especially for business. Other languages are Afrikaans (which is derived primarily from 17th century Dutch), Ndebele, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho (Sepedi), Swazi, Tsonga, Tswana, Venda, Xhosa and Zulu. South Africa Travel will bring you to a secular state where all major denominations are well represented. Approximately 75% of the population are Christians. Many Africans follow traditional belief systems rich in oral folklore and ceremonies.

86. People The real heart of South africa is the diversity of people and cultures. Many ofSouth africa’s cultures have This is Kwazulu the place of the zulu. http://www.encounter.co.za/people.html

Home Article Archive Newsletters Travel Guides ... Contact Us Search Feautures Nature Destinations Wildlife History ... Vacations Newsletter Email Address Have travel deals, information on destinations, people and events delivered to your desktop with Southern Africa Places' FREE newsletter - Encounter Southern Africa. People The real heart of South Africa is the diversity of people and cultures. Many of South Africa’s cultures have their roots in an ancient world, whilst some of the cultures are relatively new. The South African population consists of 9 large and a number of smaller groups. South Africa has a population of 45 million people with the racial groups as African (79,0%), White (9,6%), Coloured (8,9%) and Indian/Asian (2,5%) There are 11 official languages spoken in South Africa with English largely spoken in most urban areas of the country. Wines of the Cape - White Wines The bulk of South Africa's experience with wine rests on the shoulders of white wine grapes, particularly Chenin Blanc. White wine varieties include Chardonnay, Chenin Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Colombar and Hanepoot.

87. History - Study Abroad In South Africa Southern African ancestors The southern movement of people from north of the Limpopo At the end of the 19th century the powerful zulu kingdom which had http://www.studysa.co.za/about/history.html

Top: On 27 April 1994 President Mandela exercised his right to vote for the first time - a moment of triumph for black South Africans. Photo: Paul Weinberg Left: A demonstration in support of Nelson Mandela and other ANC activists during the 1956/7 treason trial. Photo:Mayibuye Centre ince the earliest prehistoric times, South Africa has been a land of new beginnings. Fossil remains found in the Sterkfontein Caves near Johannesburg suggest that South Africa was the cradle of mankind. Palaeontologists at South African universities have presented conclusive evidence that Australopithecus Africanus, a bipedal hominid who roamed the plains of southern Africa millions of years ago, is a direct human ancestor. A window on an ancient world Scattered throughout South Africa are caves adorned with some of the world's oldest artworks, some dating back more than years. Depicting the physical and spiritual dimensions of stone age life, they were produced by the San people, part of a diverse group of aboriginal South Africans, known as the Khoisan, who inhabited the subcontinent long before the arrival of Bantu-speaking or European settlers. Southern African ancestors The southern movement of people from north of the Limpopo is represented in San paintings dating back Two centuries of struggle European mariners first rounded the tip of Africa in the 15th century. The Cape was initially used by the Dutch East India Company as a refreshment station for its ships in the mid-17th century, but later became a permanent Dutch settlement. Besides opening up Southern Africa to the rest of the world, European settlement marked the beginning of a long history of conflict between the settlers and the indigenous people.

88. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST XHOSA LINKS in Southern African beadwork of the Xhosa, zulu, and Ndebele people History Port Elizabeth indigenous Nomadic Tribes Two groups of indigenous people http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-xhosa.htm

languages-on-the-web is now www.lonweb.org The page you are looking for is now HERE

89. The Sydney Morning Herald There s more to visiting South africa than going on safari, writes Abhik wars or the wars between the English and the indigenous people, she said. http://www.smh.com.au/news/south-africa/liberating-tourism/2005/02/15/1108229984

@import url("http://smh.com.au/css/smh.css"); @import url("http://fdimages.fairfax.com.au/cui/netstrip-20050427.css"); NEWS MYCAREER DOMAIN DRIVE ... register Register now - It's FREE! Already registered? Login below if you have a Fairfax Digital username, or have registered for The Sydney Morning Herald, The Age, RugbyHeaven, or Realfooty. Username: Password: Forgotten your password? Note! You do not need to login every time you visit, provided your browser accepts cookies. More About registration: Why register? Help-FAQ's Contact us Not yet registered? You are now required to register for full access to The Sydney Morning Herald. Please fill out the short form below to register. Contact us if you are blind or vision impaired. Indicates required information Step 1: Create your account Create a Username: Minimum 4 characters. No spaces allowed. You can use your email address. Create a Password: Minimum 4 characters. No spaces allowed. Case sensitive (a is different from A) Confirm Password: Email Address: You will not be spammed as a result of registering with us. More Email Format: HTML (with graphics) Plain Text Step 2: Tell us about yourself First Name: Last Name: Age Range: Please select Under 18 65 and over Gender: Female Male Region: Please select Australia New Zealand (incl. Pacific Islands)

90. WRI Features: Making Mussels Work In South Africa (July 2003) (Washington, DC, July 2003) The Sokhulu people in South africa know that when the They know the zulu names for the rock ledges that mussels inhabit. http://newsroom.wri.org/wrifeatures_text.cfm?ContentID=1893&NewsletterID=39

91. Africa People Going Green People, Politics and the Environment in South africa. zulu Crafts.Pietermaritzburg, South africa Shuter Shooter, 1978. Main DT878 . http://www.calacademy.org/research/library/biodiv/biblio/afcul-update.htm

African People Bibliography CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LIBRARY World Wide Web WWW for Kids Books Children's Books ... Periodicals WORLD WIDE WEB Africa Online http://www.africaonline.com Gateway to news and information about Africa. African Peoples Resources http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/people.html Site provides information about peoples in Africa such as language, art, economy etc. Africa Research Central http://www.africa-research.org/mainframe.html Database allows you to locate primary source repositories in Africa. Africa: South of the Sahara http://www-sul.stanford.edu/depts/ssrg/africa/guide.html Information about Africa by country/region and topics. African Studies at Penn http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/AS.html Contributes to understanding of continent's social, political and economic systems. African Web Links http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Home_Page/WWW_Links.html Annotated links on Africa by topic. Country-Specific Pages http://www.sas.upenn.edu/African_Studies/Home_Page/Country.html

92. South African English: Oppressor Or Liberator? the Nguni languages, especially Xhosa and zulu, eg bonsella ‘surprise African as pap en wors porridge and sausage frees indigenous people from balking http://www.ru.ac.za/affiliates/dsae/MAVEN.HTML

South African English: Oppressor or Liberator? Penny Silva A. English in South Africa A brief outline of its history The history of English in South Africa dates from the arrival of the British at the Cape in 1806. As was the case in most colonies, English was brought to South Africa during the 19th century initially by soldiers, and then by administrators, missionaries, settlers, and fortune-seekers. It took root as a southern African language as a result of the settlements of 1820 (in the Eastern Cape) and 1848-1862 (in Natal), and of the influx to the diamond mines of Kimberley (1870) and the gold mines of the Witwatersrand (1886). English has evoked differing reactions in the different South African language communities. From the beginning, English was imposed at the Cape upon an unwilling Dutch (later Afrikaans) community. There was an attempt to make English the sole language of the law and of education, even in the overwhelmingly Dutch/Afrikaans-speaking rural areas, causing a deep resentment which is still noticeable in some Afrikaner groups today. Afrikaner hostility towards English was of course considerably hardened by the South African (or ‘Boer’) War of 1899-1902, and English became die vyand se taal , ‘the language of the enemy’.

93. Peopleandplanet.net > Biodiversity > Features > Making Mussels Work In South Afr The Sokhulu people in South africa know that when the msintsi tree is flowering, They know the zulu names for the rock ledges that mussels inhabit. http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=2035

94. GRAIN | BIO-IPR | 2 September 2002 UNEP to push IPR for indigenous peoples (25 Nov 2002) indigenous peoples launchinitiative on intellectual property (19 Nov 2002) http://www.grain.org/bio-ipr/?id=107

95. South African Ecotourism It visibly demonstrates the regaining of pride of indigenous people in what is to the participation of South africa s indigenous people in ecotourism? http://www.planeta.com/ecotravel/africa/1196africa.html

South African Ecotourism Revisited October 1996 Home Ecotourism Africa Mexican architect Hector Ceballos Lascurain, credited with coining the term "ecotourism" in 1983 and presently Special Advisor on Ecotourism to the World Conservation Union (IUCN) recently visited South Africa on an intensive familiarisation tour. In an "ecoreconnaissance" sponsored mainly by the Mpumalanga Parks Board, the Northern Training Trust and South African Airways, but also by other conservation bodies and private enterprise, he covered over 4,000 km in Mpumalanga, Northern Province and KwaZulu Natal a journey which he says "far exceeded expectations". He speaks to Chris van der Merwe. V d M: South Africa markets itself as a prime wildlife destination and now also as a cultural one... C L: It's not the Africa you see in the movies. It's a temperate country, yet you have fantastic game, not just the Big Five, but the Small Five Thousand, many representatives of which we saw in places like Kruger, Sabi Sabi and Hluhluwe Umfolozi. In terms of landscapes, you have a bewildering variety of attractions: from the Magaliesberg on the doorstep of Johannesburg to Mariepskop in Mpumalanga and Mont aux Sources in the Greater Drakensberg Park. You have huge canyons such as Blydepoort and rivers, such as the Olifants, the Tugela and the Gariep. You have extensive bushveld wildlife preserves such as Kruger and some of the most extensive coastal lakes systems in the world St Lucia Greater Wetlands Park. And you do have a great variety of interesting cultures. It's been a fantastic experience.

96. Shaka Zulu In the imperial age no other African people caught the Western imagination more The Shaka zulu (1985) TV series was rebroadcast on the South African http://www.latrobe.edu.au/screeningthepast/firstrelease/fr0703/ktfr15.html

Shaka Zulu and visual constructions of history Keyan G Tomaselli "Shaka's life was originally recorded by white historians who imposed upon their accounts bigoted and sensationalist values - often labeling the Zulus as savage and barbaric. It is our intention with this series to change that view" William C Faure In the imperial age no other African people caught the Western imagination more powerfully than the Zulu. This fascination, however, was a blend of admiration and repulsion (Kiernan 1995:232). The Shaka Zulu In early 2001, however, black historians and language scholars called for the removal of the series, claiming that Zulu children will grow up believing that "Shaka was a bloodthirsty king who ruled with an iron fist and caused great suffering to his people. They will then distance themselves from their culture" (Mkhize 2001:7). It is not the aim of this paper to investigate the 'historical truth' or 'untruth' of the series, but rather what the series shows about the political context of its production and how it is reflected in the visual conventions used. Nonetheless, the issue of 'truth' claims is briefly addressed here as an important element in the critiques of the series and one that has continued from its initiation by anti-apartheid historians. Circumventing the 'truth' quagmire, SABC's Clara Nzama, acting head of TV1, defended the screening in terms of the series' entertainment value and popular demand (Mkhize 2001:7). Mazisi Kunene, author of the epic poem

97. Ogiek.org: News: Ogiek Anti-excision Case Deferred As Judge Warns Government Att How Conservation is Destroying africa s Traditional People The socalledindigenous people are regarded as the ultimate victims of global capital, http://www.ogiek.org/news/news-post-03-10-1.htm

News Monday, October 6, 2003 How Conservation is Destroying Africa's Traditional People South Africa is, however, reversing the plight of traditional people. Under the apartheid system, blacks were made landless and private game ownership was concentrated among whites, who controlled tourism, writes DAVID KAIZA IT is getting to midday, but the sun has not come out in South Africa's Kwazulu Natal province. In the cold rain, bare-chested Zulu warriors are re-enacting the 1850s succession battle between Shaka's great grandsons, Mbuyazi and Chetswayo, for a group of tourists. Their new war ironically is against traditional conservation and tourism, and it is one which, under the ANC government, they are winning. So they dance in the rain to earn their own money with that the chief executive officer of a South African tourist body, Sheryl Carouls, calls "dignity" – the type "that only work can give." From September 8 to 17, in Durban, the World Parks Congress held its fifth conference since 1952. This year's meeting was intended to find ways of tackling the conflict between conservation and society. It is a battle that traditional people living in park areas in East Africa are losing, says Meitamei ole Dapash, who champions the rights of the Maasai in Kenya.

98. South African Literature - SouthAfrica.info An overview of the main currents in South African literature, and indigenouspeoples are portrayed either as dangerous savages or given the role of the http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/culture/literature.htm

Tue, 27 Sep 2005 About South Africa Culture Democracy Demographics ... SA Weather Service Mapping the best sites in SA cyberspace - goSouthAfrica Find your way on our interactive macro-to-micro South Africa map South African literature Thomas Thale South Africa has had a rich history of literary output. Until relatively recently, realism dominated the production of fiction in South Africa - perhaps authors felt an overriding concern to capture the country's turbulent history and the experiences of its people. Fiction has been written in all of South Africa's 11 official languages - with a large body of work in Afrikaans, in particular - but this overview focuses primarily on English fiction, though it also touches on major poetic developments. The colonial adventure The first fictional works to emerge from South Africa were produced by immigrants who often felt alienated from the South African landscape - at the same time as they were fascinated by its often harsh beauty. These colonial writers were unsettled and intrigued by what they perceived to be exotic elements of indigenous cultures. Their attitude to indigenous South Africans was, at best, ambivalent, if not outright hostile. This is especially true of the writers of adventure-type stories, in which colonial heroes are romanticised and the role of black South Africans was reduced to that of enemy or servant.

A  B  C  D  E  F  G  H  I  J  K  L  M  N  O  P  Q  R  S  T  U  V  W  X  Y  Z

Page 5     81-98 of 98    Back | 1  | 2  | 3  | 4  | 5