41. AXIS GALLERY / AFRICAN ART / ZULU / CERAMICS & BASKETRY This wide range was available to indigenous peoples worldwide, but Southern The zulu and other Nguni peoples never carved masks or ancestor figures; http://www.axisgallery.com/african_art/zulu/ceramics_basketry.html

During the 1800s and much of the 1900s, the glass factories of Murano, Venice, held the secret and the monopoly of seed bead manufacture. After the mid-1800s, these beads became increasingly available to southern African peoples through trade. At first, beads were the reserve of kings and chiefs. As aristocratic controls eased, supply increased, and cost fell, beadwork was embraced by all, resulting in extraordinary beadwork traditions in southern Africa. By the 1870s, Venetian factories could produce seed beads of almost regular diameter and width in hundreds of colors, shapes, and sizes. By the turn of the century they were experimenting with proto-plastics. This wide range was available to indigenous peoples worldwide, but Southern African peoples were particular about the colors and sizes they chose. Their tastes also changed rapidly and could bankrupt traders who didn't keep up with fashion. Today, these shifts in fashion help experts date beadwork. The Zulu and other Nguni peoples never carved masks or ancestor figures; instead, they venerated their ancestors through ceremonial events and gatherings. Beadwork became a vital ingredient in ceremonial and therefore religious life. Unfortunately, this is largely ignored in current conceptions of African Art. That beadwork is exclusively a women's art might be a contributing factor. Venetian export statistics show that southern Africa was the largest importer of beads from 1932 to 1955. Consumption exceeded the rest of Africa combined, and all of North America. This is an index of the significance of beadwork in South Africa.

42. Robben Island - General Information According to oral history, the name zulu literally means sky , and was the namegiven to the from other indigenous South African peoples, is their art. http://www.freedom.co.za/general.html

General South Africa is a big country, occupying over a million square kilometres of the Southern continent, its 3 000 -km coastline lapped by the cold waters of the Atlantic in the West and, in the east, by the warm waters of the Indian Ocean. More than that it is a country of remarkable diversity with its population - ' The Rainbow Nation '- embracing a bewildering mix of clours, creeds, customs and languages. Variety and contrast are visible in the nation and in the land itself, and in the character of the towns and cities and rural areas. Some of the still existing tribes would include the Zulu Nation, the Xhosa, the Swazi (all three are related, belonging to the Nguni group of people); the Northern Sotho, the Southern Sotho and the Tswana, the South Ndebele and the North Ndebele, the Venda and Lemba; and the Shangaan-Tsonga. No matter how many generations removed, members of a tribal clan are still "brothers and sisters" and share common roots. According to oral history, the name Zulu literally means "sky", and was the name given to the son of Malandela and Nozinja, who lived in what was later to become known as Zululand or, in the Zulu language, KwaZulu. An interesting situation developed when young Zulu, who was his mothers' "favourite", grew to be a man. His eldest brother, Qwaba, became jealous of him and planned his end. His mother however, came to the rescue and took Zulu away.Supported by an Induna ( headman ) named Mpungose he made his way in the world and - as it happened - establish the Zulu clan.

43. South Africa Seminar: Info Pages It is closely related to Xhosa, zulu and Ndebele. The Swazi people It is themost spoken indigenous? language in africa, making up the mother tongue http://www.stanford.edu/~jbaugh/saw/Tracy_Language_&_Ebonics.html

Global Perspectives on Human Language: The South African Context Language Systems in South Africa and Their Parallels to the Linguistic Struggle of Blacks in the U.S. Additional Links Tracy Conner Updated 9-19-2004 South Africa is a country where the fierce hold of apartheid is a decade removed and economic success is still sharply divided among color lines. Nevertheless, some of the most progressive policies dealing with language have been constructed. Under the National Language Policy Framework (NLPF) organized in 2003, higher salience was placed on languages other than those of previous European colonizers. Although the expanded policy ideally should have evened the racial playing field, it has actually continued racial and economic stratification through the subtleties of language. Before 2003, the language policy in South Africa allowed only for two official languages, Afrikaans and English, meaning these were the only languages of instruction. Today English is considered to be the language of upward mobility, and Afrikaans is the language of instruction in many schools, while the mother tongues of much of the population are the indigenous languages of Southern Africa. Before legislation expanding the official languages was passed, the masses who had been labeled inferior during apartheid were now "free" to speak an "inferior" language under that system. The NLPF passed this new policy to equalize languages within society. However, one must keep in mind that "[i]t is not language per se, but its power to function as a 'proxy' for wider social issues which fans the flames over public disputes over language," (Johnson, 599). For this reason, the linguistic differences that led to hardship in this country in some ways parallel similar language issues in the Black community of the US. By comparing and contrasting these language issues, it may be possible to realize a common goal, and continue to move forward address existing linguistic inequalities.

44. IZIKO indigenous HunterGatherers And Herders In Southern africa. Kalahari Hunter-gatherers The display is divided into sections on Swazi and zulu people. http://www.museums.org.za/sh/exhib_sam.html

home search research exhibitions ... resources general information about bertram house visitor information exhibitions permanent collection collections winifred ann lidderdale research under construction special interest history of bertram house restoration of bertram house introduction science in action ... a vision for museums in the future social history exhibitions at iziko south african museum /Qe – The Power of Rock Art /Qe – The Power of Rock Art African Cultures Indigenous Knowledge in South Africa Back to Social history exhibitions This exhibition presents a visual experience of the richly detailed knowledge and beliefs about the spirit world, rain-making and healing that inspired the paintings and engravings. The story is told from the perspective of the San people whose ancestors created most of the art. The word ‘/Qe’ describes the power associated with God and the supernatural in N/u, a San language of the Northern Cape spoken by fewer than 20 people today. It was suggested for this exhibition by /Una /Khasi-Rooi, her sister Antje /Khasi and other members of the N/u community. Most of the quotations that illuminate the meaning of the rock art in the exhibition are in /Xam, a San language closely related to N/u but no longer spoken. Rock art is found in many parts of Africa. The majority of rock paintings and engravings found in southern Africa can be clearly linked to San beliefs. Also, in this region, within the last 2000 years, engravings and finger-paintings were made by Khoekhoe herders and African farmers.

45. Pitiki Ntuli indigenous people, in the context of South africa, are those people or societiesidentified Mlaba invited Sankofa to help them conceive a zulu Cultural http://www.apexart.org/conference/Ntuli.htm

Conference in Rio de Janiero, Brazil - July 2001 by Pitiki Ntuli If I do not speak as an African, Act as an African; define the parameters around which I can speak I would be confessing to the sin of colluding with those who seek to gain hegemony over my soul. If I speak only as an African without acknowledging my other selves then I am condemning myself to the ghetto of thought from which I may not re-emerge. So I choose to speak not as the indigenous But as the endogenous African. Colonial discourse teaches us that we, Africans, were discovered in a state of ignorance and barbarism. Europe set out on a mission to civilise us. To this end, mission stations equipped with priests and nuns were established; together with them were colonial administrators. Colonialism became a project of invention. (Mudimbe). We were invented; that is, positioned, packaged, framed and fixed. The image we carried was not a complimentary one. Successive struggles for liberation were launched and in the 50's and 60's Africa attained its independence, with few exceptions and South Africa being one of them. The petty-bourgeoisie leaders of the new Africa inherited the colonial state and continued to rule without transforming it. Attempts at indigenisation of the state or its education systems were half hearted and consequently failed. The only evidence of indigenous practices was only in song, dress and dance. The content of the state and its educational institutions remained colonial. Cold War politics further prostituted the African state.

46. Africa we meet indigenous people who survive in this harsh environment. The whiteexpatriate playwright Tug Yourgrau ( The Song of Jacob zulu ) returns to http://www.filmakers.com/AFRICAN.htm

FILMAKERS LIBRARY AFRICA New Entries in Red Africa in the 21st Century Africa is a continent fraught with problems. This series spotlights five former Western colonies (Somalia, Mali, Senegal, South Africa, and Zimbabwe), putting in clear perspective the gravity of the situation that wars, refugees, famine and disease have brought on them. Globalization has forced some African nations into heavy debt. While industrial nations argue for human rights, the series shows that there are survival issues that may be even more pressing more Africa I Remember A black musician and composer bridges two cultures: West African music with roots in the 13th century and classical European music. ( more AIDS in Africa This compelling look at the AIDS crisis in Africa, reports on its effect in such countries as Uganda, Zaire, the Ivory Coast, Burundi, Rwanda, South Africa and others. ( more The Angel Returns A Somalian woman uses all methods at her disposal to change the mindset of her people about circumcision ( more Asante Market Women from the Disappearing World series This film focuses on the asssertive market women of Ghana who are subordinate in domestic matters but are powerful in the marketplace ( more Asylum This powerful documentary chronicles a Ghanaian young woman’s desperate attempt to escape the ritual of female circumcision in her native land. (

47. Journal Of Black Studies -- Sign In Page Christian and Muslin traditions to the Southern African indigenous peoples, Key Words African identity • Afrocentricity • African heritage • zulu http://jbs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/35/3/347

JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... SEARCH QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: This item requires a subscription to Journal of Black Studies Online. Reevaluating Zulu Religion: An Afrocentric Analysis Monteiro-Ferreira Journal of Black Studies. This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) References ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager ... Reprints and Permissions To view this item, select one of the options below: Sign In User Name Sign in without cookies. Can't get past this page? Help with Cookies. Need to Activate? Password Forgot your user name or password? Purchase Short-Term Access Pay per Article - You may access this article (from the computer you are currently using) for 1 day for US$15.00 Pay for Admission - You may access all content in Journal of Black Studies Online (from the computer you are currently using) for 24 hours for US$75.00. Regain Access - You can regain access to a recent Pay per Article or Pay for Admission purchase if your access period has not yet expired.

48. Reevaluating Zulu Religion: An Afrocentric Analysis -- Monteiro-Ferreira 35 (3): Through a brief overview of zulu history and traditions, this article, committed to and Muslin traditions to the Southern African indigenous peoples, http://jbs.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/3/347

JOURNAL HOME HELP CONTACT US SUBSCRIPTIONS ... TABLE OF CONTENTS QUICK SEARCH: [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year: Vol: Page: Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 35, No. 3, 347-363 (2005) DOI: 10.1177/0021934704263127 This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited ... Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in ISI Web of Science Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager ... Reprints and Permissions Reevaluating Zulu Religion An Afrocentric Analysis Ana Maria Monteiro-Ferreira Temple University Through a brief overview of Zulu history and traditions, this article, committed to reevaluating traditional Zulu social patterns, system of beliefs and religious and spiritual concepts. From an Afrocentric critical reading of major works by three European authors (Callaway, Hexham, and Berglund), this study is an attempt to trace the spiritual African heritage of the Zulus back to the ancient Kemetic concepts. Rather than insisting on the attribution of Christian and Muslin traditions to the Southern African indigenous peoples, this article aims at showing the inconsistency of such

49. White Lion Conservation. White Lions Of Timbavati. World's Best Responsible And indigenous peoples around the world, who understand nature more intimately than In the words of Selby Gumbi, zulu indigenous priest, healer and African http://www.responsibletravel.com/Copy/Copy101740.htm

Adventure holidays Beach holidays Budget travel Cultural holidays ... S-Z White Lions - Guardians of Africa’s Gold The White Lions are South Africa's pride and joy, our living national treasure. Or so they should be. All over the African continent, from Egypt in the North to Bushmanland in the South, legends of the White Lions existence grace ancient oral traditions and cave paintings. From the distant Nile culture in the North to Zululand's Valley of a Thousand Hills in the South, storytellers spoke of the arrival of these legendary animals. In Senegal in the West, and Somalia in the East, legends proclaim the White Lions magical powers. Yet there is one place only on earth where these mythical creatures have come to life - and that is Timbavati, a wildlife region bordering on South Africa's Kruger National Park. The name Timbavati in the ancient Shangaan language means "the place where something sacred came down to earth - like a bird or angel from the heavens!" So the site of their origin echoes the White Lions' mythical status - a place which saw the birth of a unique breed of snow- white lions with blazing solar manes, and laser eyes! My great Shangaan teacher, the indigenous healer known as the Lion Queen of Timbavati, Maria Khosa, first introduced me to the mystery of the White Lions. This amazing woman proved her own lion-hearted courage by rescuing me, on foot and at night, from a resident pride of angry lions in the Timbavati bushveld. Maria's ancient knowledge, and her lion-hearted actions, changed my life. Maria believed that the White Lions are "Lions of God - who came from the stars." Like that other sacred site, Great Zimbabwe, the clue is embedded in the word Timba-vati: Tsimba - means 'lion'. Accordingly, this is the site where angelic winged lions were believed to have come down to earth.

50. Songs Of The Night: Isicathamiya Choral Music From KwaZulu Natal ownership and forced thousands of indigenous peoples from their ancestral land . zulu isicathamiya groups developed a complex network of weekly http://www.folklife.si.edu/resources/Festival1997/songsof.htm

Articles from the 1997 Festival of American Folklife Program Book Songs of the Night: Isicathamiya Choral Music from KwaZulu Natal by Angela Impey Just before they take the stage, members of an isicathamiya choir in Johannesburg, South Africa, prepare for a song competition by congregaiing in a circle to pray for spiritual guidance during their performance. Picture a dark, dilapidated hall in downtown Johannesburg. In it are only a few rows of broken plastic chairs and one or two bare electric light bulbs hanging from warped ceiling-boards in the center of the room. At one end of the hall is a low, wooden stage, in front of which are positioned a wooden table and single chair. It is a Saturday night, approaching midnight. People are slowly drifting off the dimly lit streets into the hall. The majority of them are Zulu migrant workers who live in the city for periods of up to eleven months of the year, working in factories, gold mines, or in the dark shadows of the inner city as night watchmen. Once in the hall, they begin to congregate in tight groups, leaning inward toward one another and singing softly, haltingly, in close harmonies, a cappella. They are preparing for a competition they call isicathamiya, which literally translated means "in a stalking approach" or "tiptoe guys," descriptive of the soft-footed dance styles, actions, and songs they perform. The choirs are made up of "home boys" - men who come from the same villages or regions of rural KwaZulu Natal, an area to the northeast of South Africa. These weekly isicathamiya competitions which take place in the cities serve to assert home ties and to affirm regional identities.

51. Indigenous Peoples People Nations United Brazil Spaniards zulus zulu Warriors, late 19th century (with some Europeans in the South Africais one o? Lumping indigenous peoples into one group ignores the vast http://www.economicexpert.com/a/Indigenous:people.htm

var GLB_RIS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_RIR='/cincshared/external';var GLB_MMS='http://www.economicexpert.com';var GLB_MIR='/site/image';GLB_MML='/'; document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); document.write(''); A1('s',':','html'); Non User A B C ... Home First Prev [ 1 Next Last Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. The descendants of either of the above Indigenous peoples are sometimes referred to as aborigines native peoples first peoples first nations or as autochthonous , a Greek term that means "sprung from the earth". Greek authors of the classical period referred to the indigenous people of Greece, who had lived there since before any of the waves of Hellenic migration, as " Pelasgian s." In antiquity, the Greek term for all non-Greek speaking peoples was " barbarian s". Indigenous peoples are also sometimes identified as primitives

52. Zulu Politics case (not just with respect to the zulu, but to most of the indigenous peoples) I strongly recomment Alex Callinicos treatment of Southern African http://www.marxmail.org/archives/november98/south_africa.htm

Zulu Politics From James O. Gump's "The Dust Rose Like Smoke: The Subjugation of the Zulu and the Sioux": "Despite similarities in the Sioux and Zulu experiences civil war, partition, and national disintegrationkey differences clearly emerge. Economically, the Sioux were marginalized by their encounter with the United States, made "useless" to the economic growth of the country. A defeated Zululand, on the other hand, transformed itself into a reservoir of cheap labor, a highly desireable commodity to the British and later to South African whites..." Louis, the SA information is interesting (and some of it new to me) but I don't get a couple of things here. First, why the comparison of these two peoples? A marxist approach would surely locate such processes of resistance and cooptation within a mode of production and expanded division of labour, as Gump does in this paragraph: It strikes me that the articulations of modes of production in the SA case (not just with respect to the Zulu, but to most of the indigenous peoples) was a strikingly important process in the advanced-industrial, and indeed often explicitly socialist character of working-class and poor people's resistance to Inkatha and the apartheid regime during the 1970s and 1980s. That brings me to the second point, which is that the far more important force in Zulu politics during the 1970s was the trade union movement (which in recent SA history was actually born in Durban from Zulu worker militancy in 1973), and during the 1980s the United Democratic Front (an ANC proxy). This was (and to an extent still is) a mass-democratic, non-racial politics, and tens of thousands of Zulu people paid for their more progressive politics with their lives, at the hands of Inkatha and the old regime. It is strange that this gets left out of Gump's concluding chapter, since he touches on Inkatha's post-1975 revival.

53. Tribes Travel - Buffalos & Battlefields There are also smaller predators, such as mongoose, genet, and African wildcathoney badger and wild dog. indigenous peoples Swazi,Xhosa,zulu http://www.tribes.co.uk/default.asp?MIS=428

54. Baskets Of Africa: Zulu Ilala Palm Baskets, Swazi Sisal Baskets, Zulu Telephone Specializing in high quality, hand woven Baskets of africa, an organizationthat shares our strong belief that indigenous people around the world should http://www.basketsofafrica.com/about.html

Online Shopping Basket Information Wholesale Info About Us ... Contact Us About Baskets of Africa Thank you for your support! Online Shopping Basket Information Wholesale Info About Us ... Home

55. PopMatters it up like a good crossover world music tune, with indigenous people here . STRAIGHT OUTTA africa Oprah s FeelGood-About-Herself zulu Identity http://www.popmatters.com/columns/leonard/050715.shtml

@import url( http://www.popmatters.com/stylesubpage.css ); COLUMNS archive blogs STRAIGHT OUTTA AFRICA Oprah's Feel-Good-About-Herself Zulu Identity [15 July 2005] column archive by Charles Leonard e-mail this article print this article comment on this article Sawubona, Oprah! I am sure you will understand if I greet you in isiZulu, because I read in the local media that you are now a member of South Africa's largest ethnic group, the 10.6 million-strong Zulu nation. (I am, of course, not referring to hip-hop legend, Afrika Bambaataa's '70s movement that, as Madvillain almost said, you spell with all caps). Beeld , 13 June 2005.) It wasn't Dead Prez's first visit and when I interviewed them the year before they said that they were here to "reclaim what is ours". They put a fairly broad definition to that because they "forgot" to pay their 12,000 Rand telephone bill at their fancy hotel when they departed. Jeru, who owns a record label, stated his aim with the Black August tour very clearly: "We can empower ourselves with music and turn it into a multi-billion-dollar industry. That's what I'm doing in South Africa... showing the youth you can be the same as a multi-billionaire in America." Stic-man didn't concur: "It may be a billion dollar industry but there's no billion dollars in our pockets", he said. And Oprah, right there I had one of those strange déjà vu moments back to my college days in the early '80s. I went to a predominantly Afrikaans campus and was seen by some as the embodiment of communism. One young woman I was courting was even warned against me by her seniors because I supposedly worked for the Soviet secret service, the KGB! I was, however, tolerated by most because they probably thought it quite quaint to have a lefty on campus. About once a month a politician addressed us and the one speech I wasn't going to miss was where Eugene TerreBlanche, leader of the neo-Nazi, racist Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging was to speak. How could I resist the opportunity to taunt his ilk? During question time I opened my big mouth as per usual and told him that he didn't, and couldn't, speak on behalf of me and many other Afrikaners, some of them even black. He exploded and roared back at me that with my leftwing views I wasn't a proper Afrikaner.

56. Welcome To South Africa indigenous PEOPLE The world s biggest outdoor art exhibition lies deep in Very little harks of South africa more than pure mention of the word zulu http://www.southafrica.net/index.cfm?sitepageID=13563

57. ThinkQuest : Library : Indigenous Peoples The peoples Of africa. Have you ever thought of finding more about africa. indigenous People Keepers of the Past This site features the different http://www.thinkquest.org/library/cat_show.html?cat_id=50

58. Zulu Culture, South Africa its rich cultural wealth amongst its indigenous population the zulu people . Among these socalled Bantu were the zulu ancestors - the Nguni people. http://www.hluhluwe.co.za/zulu.php

Home Hluhluwe River Lodge ZULU CULTURE Our Lodge Accommodation Lodge Facilities Self Catering ... Reservations Winter Packages Winter Special rates valid from 01 April 2005 to 31 July 2005 From as little as R856 per person sharing per night dinner, bed and breakfast included. Make your reservation NOW Zulus : A living legend Zulu Culture Zululand is synonomous with its rich cultural wealth amongst its indigenous population the Zulu people. The Zulus originated from a variety of nomadic bantustan tribes who were galvanised into an immense army of skilled and disciplined warriors by the famous Zulu chieftan Chaka who during his reign as King of the Zulu conquered and pacified a territory larger than Europe. Whilst this military heritage is still held with great pride amongst the Zulu they are once more a peaceful people who have preserved their rich cultural identity that is still a very important part of the Zulu's modern day lifestyle. The best way to experience this fascinating South Africa culture is to visit a cultural village where in a relitavely short space of time one can take a guided walk through a traditional homestead and gain an insight into the many aspects of this fascinating and colourful african tribe. One can expect to see Zulu dancing, bead and basket craft, visit a traditional healer and see traditional architecture and kraal design. For those with a strong constitution may like to partake in some home brewed sorghum beer and even enjoy some African barbecue cuisine after your tour. There is a cultural village near Hluhluwe River Lodge and visits can be arranged on arrival.

59. Expedition Quest - ExpeSearch Directory Aboriginal ConnectionsAn indigenous peoples Web Directory A brief overviewof the South African zulu, including information about their history, food, http://www.expeditionquest.com/expesearch/expesearch.ell?viewCat=378

60. Africa Book Centre Ltd Pre-Colonial History THE BLACK PEOPLE AND WHENCE THEY CAME A zulu View, THE BLACK PEOPLE AND WHENCE THEY A portrait of the rich history of the indigenous people of the Cape http://www.africabookcentre.com/acatalog/Pre_Colonial_HistorySA.html

Quick search Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION South Africa History 1996 Paperback FIRST PEOPLE OF THE CAPE 2003 Paperback Online Catalogue BROWSE BY COUNTRY AND REGION South Africa History

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