41. IVCC » Library Once We Were Hunters A Journey with africa s indigenous People. yoruba Gurus indigenous Production of Knowledge in africa. Falola, Toyin. http://www.ivcc.edu/library/AfricaBib.htm

Home Apply to IVCC Directory Contact Us ... MyIVCC Contact: jacobs_library@ivcc.edu Library Library Catalog Books ... Local Information / Local History Books on Africa @Jacobs Library Africa : African Cultures and Societies before 1885 . Falola, Toyin (Edt). Carolina Academic Pr, 2000. African Folklore : An Encyclopedia Ref. GR350 .A33 2004 . Irele, Abiola. Oxford Univ Pr, 2001. PL8010 .I74 2001 African Kitchen : A Day in the Life of a Safari Chef . Stow, Josie, Baldwin, Jan (Pht), and Baldwin, Jan. Interlink Pub Group, 2000. African Religion : The Moral Traditions of Abundant Life . Magesa, Laurenti. Orbis Books, 1997. BL2462.5 .M34 1997 African Spirituality : Forms, Meanings and Expressions . Olupona, Jacob Obafemi Kehinde (Edt). Natl Book Network, 2000. BL2462.5 .A 375 2000 African Voices, African Lives : Personal Narratives from a Swahili Village . Caplan, Patricia. Routledge, 1997.

42. Ama, A Story Of The Atlantic Slave Trade: Texts And Sources: Slave Resistance In West Africanborn slaves and freedmen, principally men of yoruba origin who Showing no signs of fatigue, the indigenous peoples emphasized through http://www.ama.africatoday.com/resistance_in_brazil_m.htm

SLAVE RE SISTANCE IN BRAZIL AND ELSEWHERE Please click on the bulleted headings below to toggle the full text. Franklin John Hope From Slavery to Freedom AA Knopf 1980 (75 Resistance in Brazil) Republic of Palmares, negro state in Alagoas in NE Brazil, 1603-97 Fleeing the towns and plantations between Bahia and Pernambuco, the negroes penetrated the heavy forests and settled rustic communities in the Rio Mudahu Valley. Harris, J. E., The African Diaspora in the Old and New Worlds (notes) State of Palmares in the 17th c, 1605-95, autonomous African community estimated at 20,000 inhabitants originally Bantu from Congo - Angola. Sought to model their society on their homeland. Resisted both Dutch and Portuguese. The objectives were not merely vengeance or escape to the hills but to establish areas where Africans would have political control and could defend themselves against their enemies. African religions such as obeah and vodum were important as organizing tools. So too was Islam, especially in Bahia where it helped to solidify the Hausa and Yoruba. Sometimes slaves reacted to their plight not by running away or committing suicide but by resorting to violence. With the same shovel, hoe, spade, or knife he used on the job a slave could kill the master or the overseer who was always punishing him or his mother or his friend.

43. AFRICA: 20TH CENTURY ART European nations attempted to replace the indigenous customs as thoroughly as by OLAYEMI, OLUWOLE (20th century, yoruba People) Catalog Number 8804 http://www.davis-art.com/artimages/slidesets/slideset.asp?setnumber=278

44. IK Monitor 4(3) Research These findings indicate that formal education enables people to see beyond the part of indigenous health care systems in africa, as among the yoruba. http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/4-3/communications/research.html

COMMUNICATIONS - RESEARCH Local attitudes towards the Budongo Forest, Western Uganda The management of ecologically valuable areas in Africa occasionally leads to incidents between the areas' authorities and neighbouring populations. These incidents have led the conservation community to believe that local attitudes are incompatible with conservation. Recent studies show, however, that the problem lies not so much in different attitudes as in a lack of communication between forestry departments and local people. One of these studies concerns a community of ten villages situated at the southern edge of the Budongo Forest Reserve in Western Uganda, Nyabyeya Parish. Budongo Forest is one of the last remaining medium-altitude, moist, semi-deciduous rainforests in Africa. Its rich biodiversity includes the endangered chimpanzee. Fieldwork carried out in 1991 focussed on whether the local community considered the forest to be a useful resource and on how they viewed the animals and the future of the forest. Ninety-one percent of respondents agreed that the forest should be conserved, and were able to offer a number of reasons based not only on the regular use of resources, but also on the forest's ecological value. Only 4.8 percent did not think the forest was useful and/or would want it to be cut down for agricultural purposes, and 4.2 percent were unable or unwilling to give their views.

45. BGCI - BGCI Africa - African Botanic Gardens Network Bulletin - Number 7 Myths, taboos and superstitions are widely used in africa as indigenous Although in the remote areas of the yoruba land, the indigenous people still http://www.bgci.org.uk/africa/abgn_bulletin_7.html

BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL SEARCH: BGCI Africa International Site BGCI AFRICA Select a regional site Africa Argentina Canada China India Japan Russia United States Worldwide Home Investing in Nature ABGN Botanic Gardens ... News and Events AFRICAN BOTANIC GARDENS NETWORK BULLETIN NO. 7 August, 2003 Conservation Manuals for the Congo this article was submitted by BGCI on behalf of the authors A series of more technical resource manuals are also being produced for development workers on useful plants of the lower Congo. These include economic crops, fruits and vegetables, weaving and tying materials etc. and also plants that provide food for economic insects such as honey bees and edible insects, and in particular various species of caterpillars which are commonly eaten in the lower Congo. These manuals will be available in both French and English. For further information contact: Major Matondo, Gracia, Armée du Salut, BP 8636, Kinshasa 1, Democratic Republic of Congo. E-mail: Gracia_Matondo@kin.salvationarmy.org or Paul Latham, Croft Cottage, Forneth, Blairgowrie, Perthshire PH10 6SW, U.K. E-mail: paul@latham9.fsnet.co.uk

46. World Regional Geography 200 - Africa Mandates (South West africa, Togo and parts of Tanzania and Cameroon) This change takes place when indigenous peoples come into contact with a http://www.newark.osu.edu/rklingensmith/Africa/

Jump to module in this page: Africa: Module 10: Colonialism Objectives and Policy ^Go to Top^ I. Colonialism Defined "In the broadest sense, colonialism is the application of the international designs of imperialistic powers, whereby the peoples of weaker states or territories are subjected to the rule and control of the governments of these more powerful states, for the purposes of exploitation of resources, imposition of alien values, and the safeguarding of the colonizing power's national interest. Whether this national interest demands involvement in distant lands or adjacent ones in really immaterial; the objectives and the methods are much the same." De Blij, 1971. II. Colonial Policies and Objectives A. Portugal - Mercantilism B. Germany C. Belgium - Paternalism D. France - France D'Outre Mer E. United Kingdom - Indirect Rule 2. Protectorates (e.g., Bechuanaland)

47. Africa Links - Academic Info yoruba is the second largest language group in africa, consisting of over 20 The bond shared by all yoruba peoples is the centrality of ritual to http://www.academicinfo.net/histafricameta.html

Academic Info Africa Studies Links - Directory of Online Resources Home Search Index Contact ... African Studies Links Academic Info History Studies Bookstore A growing collection of titles most at 40 to 80% off list prices. Start with: African Studies Internet Resources "Electronic resources from Africa are organized by region and country. All materials are arranged to encourage an awareness of authorship, type of information, and subject. The scope of the collection is research-oriented, but it also provides access to other gopher and web sites with different or broader missions." Includes online library catalogs, maps, electronic news archives, bibliographies, and more. Maintained by Joseph Caruso, African Studies Librarian, Columbia University Index on Africa "A comprehensive guide to the continent on the Net." Sections include News on Africa, Africa Update, Country Pages, Subject Pages, and Search Engines. Maintained by the Norwegian Council for Africa.

48. BMC.A&A Collections.:.Bags From Around The World Exhibit Trade was especially useful for indigenous people who could no longer rely on of woven fiber and sewn beads comes from the yoruba tribe in West africa. http://www.brynmawr.edu/collections/Exhibitions/exh-bags.shtml

Home Information Exhibitions Past Exhibitions ... Search Bags From Around the World: A Cross-Cultural Approach to the Bag Making Tradition March 26, 2001 through June 8, 2001 Rhys Carpenter Library of Art, Archaeology, and Cities Fong Reading Room Bags are found in every culture and are often essential to the survival of indigenous groups. They are useful in gathering herbs and plants, they are spiritually significant and purposeful, and they are useful for both carrying weapons for hunting and carrying tools for everyday use. Bags are a symbol of a group's history, and they are often reflective of a people's interaction with foreign cultures. Bags evolved for many cultures, from practical objects to lucrative trade items, once native tribes discovered that they could use their artistic talents to trade with foreigners. Trade was especially useful for indigenous people who could no longer rely on traditional forms of subsistence. For example, Native Americans were no longer able to rely on hunting, gathering, and agriculture for survival when they turned to selling their tribal objects. As is obvious in some items in this display, the crafts were made to accommodate to the tastes and needs of tourists. Between the 1830s and 1930s Native Americansvisited newly developed tourist and vacation sites to sell art commodities such as beaded purses, cigarette cases, moccasins and dolls. Several of the items in this display are tourist commodities and demonstrate the meeting of various cultures to produce commodities.

49. OneWorld U.S. Home / In Depth / Africa - Full Coverage: Africa World Conference Against Racism logo indigenous peoples have been in the UNspotlight, Rich countries? neglect has led to West africa food crisis http://us.oneworld.net/article/country/950

OneWorld U.S. Home In Depth Africa Search for OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld United Kingdom OneWorld United States AIDSChannel Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel TODAY'S NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK Africa Central Africa East Africa North Africa Southern Africa ... Contact Us Full Coverage: Africa If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency Relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate Technology International Cooperation Labor Land MDGs Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social Exclusion Capacity Building Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/Sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and Investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate Change Conservation Environmental Activism Animals Forests Genetics Atmosphere Nuclear Issues Biodiversity Oceans Pollution Renewable Energy Rivers Soils Health Disease/treatment HIV/AIDS Infant Mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/Malnutrition Human Rights Civil Rights Disability Gender Indigenous Rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social Exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of Expression ICT Internet Knowledge

50. POST-MORTEMISM: THE PROTRACTION OF THE DEAD PREFIX IN IDENTITY For better or worse agency of the indigenous peoples under colonial rule is Among the yoruba, Journal of African History 14, 2, 1973, pp 207222. 10. http://homepages.which.net/~panic.brixtonpoetry/postmort.htm

POST-MORTEMISM: THE PROTRACTION OF THE DEAD PREFIX IN IDENTITY OLADIPO AGBOLUAJE E-mail Oladipo Submit manuscripts or give feedback Panic! Alternative Philosophy Project Panic! Philosophy and Theology Links ... Home

51. Indigenous Charismatic Missionary Enterprises In West Africa The growth of indigenous Charismatic missions in West africa has passed through Every african missionary is conscious that what represses a people and http://www.geocities.com/missionalia/ojo1.htm

Home SAMS Information Discussion Missionalia ... Articles This article was originally published in Missionalia , the journal of the Southern African Missiological Society . If you would like to see some other articles from Missionalia , have a look at the list of Missionalia articles on the Web THE DYNAMICS OF INDIGENOUS CHARISMATIC MISSIONARY ENTERPRISES IN WEST AFRICA Matthews A. Ojo ABSTRACT Indigenous missionary organisations resulting from the Charismatic Renewal in West Africa have proliferated since the 1970s. Through their dramatic growth and missionary vigour they contribute to shifting Christianity's centre of gravity to the non-Western world. Members of these transcultural and transnational movements are mainly the educate elite, and they are strong on college and university campuses. The article discusses the important charismatic missionary organisations in West Africa one by one, pointing out how they succeeded in crossing national frontiers to become international movements. A closing section identifies the key characteristics of these missions and gives a brief evaluation. INTRODUCTION The International Consultation on Missions held in Jos, Nigeria in August 1985 on the theme, "Mobilising indigenous missions for the harvest," was the first ever West African regional missions conference. Sponsored by the Nigeria Evangelical Mission Association (NEMA), the consultation drew participants from Ghana, Cameroon, Kenya, Uganda, Nigeria, Guatemala, England, and USA. The conference reviewed the progress made by indig enous missionary initiatives, sought ways to stimulate and co-ordinate emerging indigenous missionary efforts, and lastly explored the means and patterns of co-operation between Western and Third World missions agencies (Gbade 1988:1-4).

52. Africa Conferences At The University Of Texas At Austin Click here to become a sponsor for the 2004 africa Conference. “We, theindigenous peoples, walk to the future in the footprints of our ancestors.” http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/2004/start.html

The University of Texas at Austin March 26-28 Many Thanks to our Sponsors Convened by Dr. Toyin Falola Coordinated by Ann Genova Department of History Department of Theatre and Dance Center of African and African-American Studies ... Department. of Technology, Literacy, and Culture The Louann and Larry Temple Fund, English Department School of Music College of Fine Arts College of Liberal Arts The Frances Higginbothom Nalle Fund, History Department Office of the Dean of Students Department of Government University Co-op Click here to become a sponsor for the 2004 Africa Conference. Texas Cowboys Lectureship Invocation: Professor Toyin Falola, Elders, Educators, Ladies, Gentlemen, and Students It is a very great honor for me to be invited to give the Invocation for this Conference on Perspectives on Yoruba History and Culture. I am a descendant of Yoruba people that were brought to the Western Hemisphere as slaves and free men and women. The trans- Atlantic Slave trade, unfortunately contributed to the mis-conception that the culture, political structures, and spirituality of the many ethnic groups that constitute the peoples of Yorubaland was primitive and had little value to offer the world . For hundreds of years academicians ignored the complexity of Yoruba life and thought. Today, we begin a three-day journey that will reveal only a small percentage of the contributions Yoruba people have made to the evolution of humanity. I thank the University of Texas and Professor Toyin Falola for providing a forum for all of us to hear, and explore the history, intellect and spiritual perspectives of my ancestors. At the most basic level, the appeal of this conference is as complex as our history and our perspectives vary.

53. African Instruments The indigenous people, having been mostly killed off by the 16th Century, leftlittle mark The yoruba, frequently subsumed under the category of lucumí, http://www.lafi.org/magazine/articles/african.html

African Instruments by Luis Rumbaut The Mother Lands Like so many things in Cuba, the music of that island derives mainly from Spain and Africa: from the colonizers and from the slaves whom the former imported until well into the 19th Century. The indigenous people, having been mostly killed off by the 16th Century, left little mark on the musical culture. In a small island country where the African population at times has exceeded the European population and where customs, food, and language have been profoundly influenced by Africans, it is no surprise that Cuban popular music, and even academic music, carries with it today the sounds of Africa in its rhythms, melodies, structure, and language. The Spanish brought with them a number of regional cultures, such as from Galicia, Andalucia, Catalonia, and the Basque country. They all spoke Spanish, however, and mostly followed the Catholic religion. The year 1492 marked not only Columbus' crossing of the Atlantic but also, in Spain, the end of the Moorish presence and the consolidation of the Catholic hegemony established through the Inquisition. The Africans, for their part, contributed a variety of cultures from the multiple tribes, nations, religions, and languages that the slave trade caught with the sweep of its net across the Western coast of Africa. The slaves were collected from different places but were boarded at major ports. From there, beginning on shipboard, the several naciones ("nations") would have to learn each other's languages, and their cultural expressions would mix over time in some ways, or retain their characteristics in other ways.

54. MISSIO IMMACULATAE: Missionary Page Of The Franciscans Of The Immaculate Nigeria also has many independent African churches, such as Cherubim and Seraphim, The yoruba indigenous religion is of special interest because http://www.marymediatrix.com/mission/kb/kb15/5.shtml

FI MISSION IN NIGERIA List of Articles about Nigerian Mission FACTS ABOUT NIGERIA Introduction History Land and Resources The People ... Culture and Arts FACTS AT A GLANCE Country name: Federal Republic of Nigeria Location: Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon Climate: varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north Population: Ethnic groups: more than 250 ethnic groups; the most populous and politically influential: Hausa and Fulani 29%, Yoruba 21%, Igbo (Ibo) 18%, Ijaw 10%, Kanuri 4%, Ibibio 3.5%, Tiv 2.5% Nationality: Nigerian Religions: Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10% Languages: English (official), Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo (Ibo), Fulani Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population:57.1%

55. Olomo Core Of Fire She is emphatic that the yoruba people were the first to practice orisa belief However, this aspect of God in African indigenous religions has been http://www.uwgb.edu/sar/OlomoInfo.html

The Core of Fire: A Path to Yoruba Spiritual Activism. Aina Olomo. New York: Athelia Henrietta Press, 2002, 190 pp. ISBN 1-890157-35-X. $24.95 Brigid M. Sackey Institute of African Studies University of Ghana, P.O. Box 73, Legon. Ghana.

56. Ethnomathematics Digital Library (EDL) African fractals in development indigenous science for education and Zaslavsky describes the mathematical practices of the indigenous peoples of http://www.ethnomath.org/search/browseResources.asp?type=cultural&id=47

57. MSN Encarta - Nigeria Adherence to Islam, Christianity, or indigenous African religions is central to how The yoruba indigenous religion is of special interest because http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761557915_3/Nigeria.html

MSN Home My MSN Hotmail Shopping ... Sign In Web Search: Encarta Subscriber Sign In Help Home ... Upgrade your Encarta Experience Search Encarta Upgrade your Encarta Experience Spend less time searching and more time learning. Learn more Tasks Find in this article Print Preview Related Items Abuja, capital Lagos, largest city more... Further Reading Editors' picks for Nigeria Search for books and more related to Nigeria Facts and Figures Quick information and statistics for Nigeria Encarta Search Search Encarta about Nigeria Editors' Picks Great books about your topic, Nigeria ... Click here Advertisement document.write(' Page 3 of 13 Nigeria Encyclopedia Article Multimedia 40 items Dynamic Map Map of Nigeria Article Outline Introduction Land and Resources The People of Nigeria Arts ... History A Urbanization Nigeria is still a primarily rural country, with only 47 percent of its population living in cities. Urban areas, however, doubled their share of the population between 1970 and 1996. The country has a long history of urban development, particularly in northern and southwestern Nigeria where substantial cities existed centuries before colonial rule. The largest Nigerian cities are Lagos and Ibadan . Lagos, one of the world’s largest cities, grew as colonial Nigeria’s capital and leading port. Despite its loss of the federal capital in 1991 to

58. Untitled Document One of the differences dealt with the indigenous peoples. Since then, Spanishand African people have been the foundation of the ethnic and cultural http://www.meta-religion.com/World_Religions/Articles/religion_in_cuba.htm

to promote a multidisciplinary view of the religious, spiritual and esoteric phenomena. About Us Links Search Contact ... Science home Religion sections World Religions New Religious Groups Ancient Religions Spirituality ... Extremism Science sections Archaeology Astronomy Linguistics Mathematics ... Contact The Web Metareligion More sections: Subscribe to the Metareligion Newsletter Photography Submit your site Suggest an article ... Polls Please, help us sustain this free site online. Make a donation using Paypal: Religion in Cuba Cuba shares a common history with Latin America, beginning with the conquest and European colonization. However, there were also some differences. One of the differences dealt with the indigenous peoples. While throughout most of the continent, especially in areas where great civilizations were established, the roots of native cultures were preserved for various reasons, colonization and the introduction of catholicism in the Antilles brought with it the extermination of the Indian nation and with it the disappearance of religious beliefs and practices of those people. This is the case of the Arawak Indians (Guanahatabeys, Ciboneys and Tainos), that once lived in Cuba and worshipped inanimate objects, believed in mythology and performed magic. They personified deities, praying to them during their religious services and celebrated religious holidays, known as the Areitos. Their priests were in charge of healing, fortune-telling and the preservation of tradition.

59. Ethnicity In Nigeria The Hausa are themselves a fusion, a collection of Sudanese peoples that were The yoruba are united, however, by their common belief in the town of Ife http://www.scholars.nus.edu.sg/landow/post/nigeria/ethnicity.html

Ethnicity in Nigeria Simon A. Rakov, Vassar College '92 (English 32, Fall 1990) The ethnicity of Nigeria is so varied that there is no definition of a Nigerian beyond that of someone who lives within the borders of the country (Ukpo, p. 19). The boundaries of the formerly English colony were drawn to serve commercial interests, largely without regard for the territorial claims of the indigenous peoples (38). As a result, about three hundred ethnic groups comprise the population of Nigeria (7), and the country's unity has been consistently under siege: eight attempts at secession threatened national unity between 1914 and 1977. The Biafran War was the last of the secessionist movements within this period (3). The concept of ethnicity requires definition. Ukpo calls an "ethnic group" a "group of people having a common language and cultural values" (10). These common factors are emphasized by frequent interaction between the people in the group. In Nigeria, the ethnic groups are occasionally fusions created by intermarriage, intermingling and/or assimilation. In such fusions, the groups of which they are composed maintain a limited individual identity. The groups are thus composed of smaller groups, but there is as much difference between even the small groups; as Chief Obafemi Awolowo put it, as much "as there is between Germans, English, Russians and Turks" (11). The count of three hundred ethnic groups cited above overwhelmingly enumerates ethnic minority groups, those which do not comprise a majority in the region in which they live. These groups usually do not have a political voice, nor do they have access to resources or the technology needed to develop and modernize economically. They therefore often consider themselves discriminated against, neglected, or oppressed. There are only three ethnic groups which have attained "ethnic majority" status in their respective regions: the Hausa-Fulani in the north, the

60. Hispanic Latino Leadership Institute The yoruba were and are a great urban people who, by 1492, had lived in cities Various forms of resistance and adaptation among the indigenous, African, http://p2001.health.org/Cti07/suppfsm4.htm

Back to Table of Contents Cont'd. Module IV: Facilitator Supplements Informational Sheet: African Culture Introduction: The three major cultural influences of the Latin American continent originated from: (1) Indigenous people, (2) people from Africa, and (3) people from Spain and the Mediterranean. This informational sheet describes cultural characteristics of African peoples-particularly from the East Coast and Central Africa-in 1492. Research has demonstrated that Africa was the birthplace of humankind. In 1492, Africa was composed of many peoples with different histories and a different cultural development that was mainly the result of their varied origins and environments. The great civilizations of Africa developed primarily along the coastal areas, and in certain areas of Central Africa where the land was fertile. By 1492, great empires had developed e.g. Benin, Oyo, Ghana, Yoruba (Niger), Mali, and others. Each of these empires had its own characteristics: some were famous for their use of bronze and iron, some for their political organization, some for their trade routes, some for the building of great cities (such as Timbuktu), and some for their policies in regard to law and order. The story of spirits and santería begins in Africa, among a nation of people called Yoruba. The Yoruba were and are a great urban people who, by 1492, had lived in cities for at least 1,000 years. They had been master brass and iron smiths, weavers and dyers, and carvers of some of the finest sculpture in the world. They achieved political importance in the 16th and 17th centuries as Yoruba trade routes spread over the whole of West Africa. The greatest of Yoruba achievements was the development of a subtle and complex religious way of life. This religion was carried by slaves to the New World, and preserved through 200 years of hardship.

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