61. Nelson Mandela Bay - Tourism Page Pic Two groups of indigenous people said to be amongst the first The xhosa speaking peoples were shifted to New Brighton and the Red Location. http://www.nmbt.co.za/attractions/history.asp

var TopImage ; TopImage = 'image5'; var OverImage ; OverImage = 'img4'; The Nelson Mandela Metropole's rich cultural heritage guarantees history lovers a unique insight into the Mtro's Eastern Cape , and the diverse and remarkable past. Famous people of Nelson Mandela Metro include, amongst others , Govan Mbeki, political activist and father of President Thabo Mbeki, Oliver Thambo, political activist and life-long friend of Nelson Mandela, Athol Fugard, actor , director and playwright, Olive Schreiner, well-known authoress and writer of "The story of an African Farm" and Cliff Drysdale, well-known tennis player. The area that once hosted battlefields and witnessed battles and wars, is now fondly referred to as "Ibhayi" by Xhosa speakers, "Die Baai" by Afrikaners and "The Bay" by English speakers. Nelson Mandela Bay, uniting Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage and Despatch bears the rich legacy of an area which saw the first meetings of Khoisan, British, Dutch, German and Xhosa people. As the landing place of the British Settlers, discovered by Vasco da Gama, inhabited by the Khoisan, it boasts some of the finest architectural attractions in South Africa. Many historical and speciality tours are on offer to familiarise you with this fascinating history. Two groups of indigenous people said to be amongst the first tribes to settle in Algoa Bay are the San hunters (Bushmen) who lived in the inland valleys and gorges and the Khoisan (Inqua Hottentots) who lived at the coast and along the Gamtoos River. (The Khoisan people no longer exist due to, inter alia, the diseases brought to the area by the Europeans as well as many tribal wars.)

62. South Africa Religion The earliest southern African religions, those of the Khoisan peoples, The relationships among indigenous African leaders, missionaries, and European http://www.country-studies.com/south-africa/religion.html

Religion Almost all South Africans profess some religious affiliation, according to the official census in 1991. Attitudes toward religion and religious beliefs vary widely, however. The government has actively encouraged specific Christian beliefs during much of the twentieth century, but South Africa has never had an official state religion nor any significant government prohibition regarding religious beliefs. About 80 percent of all South Africans are Christians, and most are Protestants. More than 8 million South Africans are members of African Independent churches, which have at least 4,000 congregations. The denomination generally holds a combination of traditional African and Protestant beliefs. The other large Protestant denomination, the Dutch Reformed Church, has about 4 million members in several branches. Most are whites or people of mixed race. Other Protestant denominations in the mid-1990s include at least 1.8 million Methodists, 1.2 million Anglicans, 800,000 Lutherans, 460,000 Presbyterians, and smaller numbers of Baptists, Congregationalists, Seventh Day Adventists, and members of the Assembly of God and the Apostolic Faith Mission of Southern Africa. More than 2.4 million South Africans are Roman Catholics; about 27,000 are Greek or Russian Orthodox. More than 7,000 are Mormons. Adherents of other world religions include at least 350,000 Hindus, perhaps 400,000 Muslims, more than 100,000 Jews, and smaller numbers of Buddhists, Confucians, and Baha'is.

63. About South Africa History The San (Bushmen) are among the oldest indigenous peoples in Southern africa. In the eighth century Bantu speaking people from East africa arrived in http://learningat.ke7.org.uk/ictafricaproject/HS/simon stanley/africa.htm

South Africa History Home Africa Problems Africa History Melton Profile ... Melton History The San (Bushmen) are among the oldest indigenous peoples in Southern Africa They have been around there for 2000 years. In the eighth century Bantu speaking people from East Africa arrived in South Africa. In 1652 the Dutch East India trading company set up a provision base and began to settle. In 1814 the area was assigned to British rule. The rules and regulations that came with British rule caused a majority of Boers (Dutch settlers) to migrate east to found their own republics, this was named the Great Task. The 1860's brought the first Indian laborers to work on the sugar plantations. The Union of South Africa was formed in 1910. In 1948 a system of apartheid was introduced. This was in place until the African National Congress (ANC) won the election in 1994. The ANC are still in power initially with Nelson Mandela as president follwed by Thabo Mbeki who still holds presidency. Capital: Pretoria Population: 42,718,530 (CIA estimate)

64. South African Safaris And Tours | Private Game Reserves | Kruger National Park | of the present South africa had been occupied by the xhosa, a people of quite a were the most warlike and fearless of the indigenous african people. http://www.tagasafaris.co.za/safaris-in-south-africa.htm

AN INVITATION TO THE RAINBOW NATION Urban delights A haven for wildlife A paradise for holidaymakers If you prefer to sample the playgrounds of the coasts, you'll find ocean-side resorts alive with every kind of attraction - from fine hotels to glamorous leisure centres, from fishing and sailing to superb surfing and board-sailing. Consider Durban with its wide, white beaches, its Golden Mile of non-stop entertainment and amusement, its enticing Indian markets and emporiums. Now contrast Cape Town - the scenic splendour of Table Mountain, the sophistication of its world-class shops and restaurants, and its rich history dating back to the 17th century. From heady nightlife to solitary beachcombing in secluded bays, South Africa's coastal resorts offer a welcome that ensures visitors keep returning. Echoes of the past A mere 20 minutes from Johannesburg's bustling modern metropolis, the Sterkfontein Caves provide an eerie sense of time standing still. Sterkfontein is a World Heritage Site where fossils have been found dating back to the era when mankind first walked upright. No visitor should miss the prolific rock art of the early San people, still preserved in caves where they first made their homes. South Africa's caves are a treasure-house of wonders: some with signs of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age; others with geological marvels such as stalactites and stalagmites.

65. Project MUSE This essay examines the social construction of indigenous peoples as tourist attractions in the new South africa. The most frequent form these http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/ethnohistory/v050/50.3schutte.html

How Do I Get This Article? Athens Login Access Restricted This article is available through Project MUSE, an electronic journals collection made available to subscribing libraries NOTE: Please do NOT contact Project MUSE for a login and password. See How Do I Get This Article? for more information. Login: Password: Your browser must have cookies turned on Schutte, Gerhard "Tourists and Tribes in the "New" South Africa" Ethnohistory - Volume 50, Number 3, Summer 2003, pp. 473-487 Duke University Press Abstract During the apartheid years in South Africa, traditional African cultures were mostly hidden from the public, except for museum displays and governmentally supervised presentations. Since the abolition of apartheid, the "cultural village" as a display of "authentic" tribal life has become increasingly popular. This essay examines the progressive commodification of culture now occurring in these representations and analyzes their popularity among foreign and South African tourists. Search Journals About MUSE Contact Us

66. :: INDIGENOUS SOUTH AFRICAN CUISINE :: indigenous South african Cuisine. SOUTH africa is home to many ethnic and Umnqusho A delicacy among the xhosa people, this is samp mixed with beans. http://www.joburg.org.za/november/food.stm

Site map Who to contact Frequent questions All city services ... Joburg memories trackPage(53,''); EATING OUT IT'S easy to work up a hunger after a full day's work or play. Johannesburg's restaurants reflect the city's cosmopolitan nature with a wide selection of cuisines, from Asian to traditional South African. Here's a small selection to help you satisfy your tastebuds ALSO: Find a restaurant according to your choice of cuisine Indigenous South African Cuisine SOUTH AFRICA is home to many ethnic and racial groups, many of them migrant communities. These groups have all contributed to the rich cultural mix of the country. The list of foodstuffs offered below represents ethnic dishes of particular groups. Many of the recipes have since been adopted by other groups and are no longer the preserve of the group of origin. This list is not exhaustive and represents only a sample of South African food. Achaar - Imported to South Africa by migrant Indians, achaar is a salad made of mango and oil - comes spiced. Eaten in excess, it could trigger an offensive smell of the armpits Amanqina - A hoof of a cow, pig or sheep. It is boiled, then spiced for taste. It is very delicious but sticky.

67. Wimsa Annual Report to draw indigenous peoples/communities from africa and experts on indigenous issues from security of land tenure for indigenous peoples in africa; http://www.san.org.za/wimsa/ar2002_3/annualrep17.htm

Wimsa Report on Activities 2002/03 International Co-operation UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues In his report on the first session of the Permanent Forum Joram states that the session had provided excellent opportunities for networking, advocacy and disseminating information on San aspirations, achievements and problems, and for learning more about other indigenous peoples and the American way of life after 11 September 2001. inaugural session of the UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues. Biopiracy Summit Victoria concludes in her report that the summit gave the participants an opportunity to learn about the San perspective on intellectual property rights, and herself and Mathambo an opportunity to learn a great deal about the patenting of life forms and trade-related intellectual property rights (TRIPS). Genome Research Initiative From left: James Herslov, Olga Kornienko, Moronga Tanago, Liivo Niglas and Jovko Aaltonen at the film festival.

68. OneWorld U.S. Home / In Depth / Africa - Full Coverage: Africa World Conference Against Racism logo indigenous peoples have been in the UN spotlight, Rich countries? neglect has led to West africa food crisis http://us.oneworld.net/article/country/950

OneWorld U.S. Home In Depth Africa Search for OneWorld.net OneWorld Africa OneWorld Austria OneWorld Canada OneWorld Finland OneWorld Italy OneWorld Latin America OneWorld Netherlands OneWorld South Asia OneWorld Spain OneWorld SouthEast Europe OneWorld United Kingdom OneWorld United States AIDSChannel Digital Opportunity Kids Channel LearningChannel TODAY'S NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... OUR NETWORK Africa Central Africa East Africa North Africa Southern Africa ... Contact Us Full Coverage: Africa If you wish to look further into some topics fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. keyword topic select Development Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency Relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate Technology International Cooperation Labor Land MDGs Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social Exclusion Capacity Building Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/Sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and Investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate Change Conservation Environmental Activism Animals Forests Genetics Atmosphere Nuclear Issues Biodiversity Oceans Pollution Renewable Energy Rivers Soils Health Disease/treatment HIV/AIDS Infant Mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/Malnutrition Human Rights Civil Rights Disability Gender Indigenous Rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social Exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of Expression ICT Internet Knowledge

69. AIM25: School Of Oriental And African Studies: Philip, John Reference code(s) GB 0102 CWM/LMS africa Miscellaneous Boxes 1214 beyond the Cape Colony frontier would become a model for other indigenous peoples; http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/frames/fulldesc?inst_id=19&coll_id=5268

70. Gene Expression: AIDS Archives The Khoisan that the Bantu peoples of southern african displaced In africa these two crops do not grow well. Some indigenous crops like teff in Ethiopia http://www.gnxp.com/MT2/archives/cat_aids.html

February 03, 2004 Fewer infections than thought? Abiola has a post up summarizing a journalist's claims that the AIDS epidemic in Africa is being overblown. I find this plausible-it seems more and more people are coming to this conclusion. Posted by razib at 02:02 PM TrackBack October 05, 2003 AIDS, poverty, desperation.... The more guys like Nic Kristof ejaculate vacuous columns like this about HIV infection in the Dark Continent , the more Westerners will fall asleep and just roll their eyes at the African AIDS crisis. Poverty, desperation, hopelessness, etc. etc., these are the fuels that fire the African AIDS crisis, right? Let me tell you a different story.... And voila , you get the social chaos and chronological mis-match (21st century technology + 2nd century northern European polities) that is Africa! Poverty? All the reports I see indicate that AIDS spreads with economic opportunity (truckers) and concentrates in the rising metropolises that drive the engines of capitalism. Desperation? The enterprising husbands who keep a coterie of girlfriends aren't desperate. Hopelessness? Africa is exporting preachers to the First World-it is a God-intoxicated continent, with some of the attendent religious violence associated starting to erupt. These people have plenty of religious hope, fat lot of good it does them in this world.

71. Partners The name means “Hello millipede” in the xhosa language, and symbolizes the unity of war for justice and democracy, particularly for indigenous peoples. http://www.claihr.org/claihr_new/n_partners.html

CLAIHR Partner Organizations Overseas: - South Africa ( www.lhr.org.za Lawyers for Human Rights is a South African NGO based in Pretoria, South Africa, which aims to promote and protect fundamental human rights for all in South Africa and to this end commits the organization to: CLAIHR interns have worked in LHR’s Pretoria, Durban, Pietersburg and Umtata clinics, as well as in the Karoo Mobile Law Clinic (now the Karoo Rural Justice Centre), situated in the small town of Colesberg in the remote upper Karoo region of South Africa. The Karoo clinic was established in 1989, the first rural service of its kind in Southern Africa. The clinic offers legal, paralegal and educational services in a region where most inhabitants are extremely poor and access to legal, welfare and health services is limited. The Law Clinic serves as a regional office for Lawyers for Human Rights (LHR) which provides certain centralized financial, administrative and personnel services to the KMLC. Molo Songololo - Cape Town, South Africa (

72. The Berlin Mission And The Challenges Of South Africa In his later life he was appointed as superintendent of the xhosa synod of the attempt to change the indigenous people completely through conversion, http://www.geocities.com/missionalia/germiss1.htm

Home SAMS Information Discussion Missionalia ... Articles This article was originally published in Missionalia , the journal of the Southern African Missiological Society . If you would like to see some other articles from Missionalia , have a look at the list of Missionalia articles on the Web Gunther Pakendorf "FOR THERE IS NO POWER BUT OF GOD" The Berlin Mission and the Challenges of Colonial South Africa ABSTRACT German missions have an important place in southern African mission history. They were active in all regions of the sub-continent and featured prominently in some areas, most notably the Transvaal Republic. Their written output was considerable and they published much that was of scientific value. Yet by and large they were characterised by a low public profile and, in the 20th century, a near-total silence with regard to controversial political issues. This paper looks at the response of the Berlin Mission Society to the challenges of 19th and early 20th South Africa. It traces the intellectual roots of German missions to three fundamental influences, viz. Lutheran theology, Pietism and Romanticism. Yet, important as these sources were in shaping the German reaction to problems arising from the black community and white rulers, this response was also influenced by the 'elective affinities' between missionaries, their children, and the larger white community. THE PLACE OF GERMAN MISSIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA then one of the leading institutions of higher learning in Europe, and at the end of his life he was presented with a medal of honour by the German emperor (See Pakendorf 1993).

73. People - Patrick McAllister - School Of Sociology And Anthropology - University McAllister, PA Labor and beer in the Transkei , South africa xhosa work In P. Blunt and DM Warren (Eds.) indigenous Organizations and Development. http://www.soci.canterbury.ac.nz/people/staff-pm.shtml

UC Home Courses Departments Library ... Search Patrick McAllister Position Associate Professor in Anthropology Appointed 1999 Qualifications B.A., B.Soc.Sc. (University of Cape Town, 1972) B.A. (Hons.) (University of Cape Town, 1973) M.A. (Anthropology) (Rhodes University, 1979) Ph.D. (Anthropology) (Rhodes University, 1987) Room Room 325 Contact Details Phone Internal Phone patrick.mcallister@canterbury.ac.nz Postal address School of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand Background Previous appoint-ments at Rhodes University, University of the Witwatersrand and University of the Western Cape (all in South Undergraduate Courses Anth 103: Culture and Society Anth 201: Anthropology of the Material World Anth 205: The Politics of Cultural Performance: South Africa Anth 305: The Politics of Cultural Performance: South Africa Anth 303: Ritual and Symbolism: Anthropological Approaches Graduate Courses Anth 403: Ritual Performance: Sacred and Secular Research Interests Politics of culture, ethnicity, anthropology of performance, Xhosa religion and society.

74. South Africa: History The San (Bushmen) are among the oldest indigenous peoples of South africa. Although European vessels frequently passed by South africa on their way to E http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0861191.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 27, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Rosh Hashanah ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips Sponsored Links TripAdvisor South Africa (Africa) google_ad_client = 'pub-1894504138907931'; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 240; google_ad_format = '120x240_as'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_ad_channel =''; google_color_border = ['336699','B4D0DC','DFF2FD','B0E0E6']; google_color_bg = ['FFFFFF','ECF8FF','DFF2FD','FFFFFF']; google_color_link = ['0000FF','0000CC','0000CC','000000']; google_color_url = ['008000','008000','008000','336699']; google_color_text = ['000000','6F6F6F','000000','333333']; Encyclopedia South Africa History Early History The San (Bushmen) are among the oldest indigenous peoples of South Africa. About 2,000 years ago, the pastoral

75. Macromedia XML News Aggregator A group of 243 San, indigenous people of Southern africa, bushmen (indigenous black people of Southern africa), the Amaxhosa - taught us that a http://www.zmag.org/blogs/mxna/blogview.cfm?blogid=10

76. LANGUAGES-ON-THE-WEB: BEST XHOSA LINKS ombrarossapiccola.jpg (728 byte) South African Language xhosa In these wars the xhosa, agricultural and pastoral peoples native to the Eastern Cape, http://www.languages-on-the-web.com/links/link-xhosa.htm

languages-on-the-web is now www.lonweb.org The page you are looking for is now HERE

77. Xhosa Culture Hence the name xhosa. Some people including the first modern xhosa The xhosa tend to dominate politics in South africa and many cabinet members come http://webs.wofford.edu/mandlovenb/SAfrica/content/xhosa.html

Xhosa Culture and History Xhosa People today History Culture Photos taken during Fulbright Seminar, 2002 History The Xhosa People In addition to speaking different dialects of the same language, the Xhosa and Zulu people (known as the Nguni) have a number of cultural characteristics in common. They lived in individual family homesteads consisting of beehive-style huts arranged in a semicircular or circular plan around the central cattle kraal. Among themselves they still tend to refer to themselves by these chiefdoms so that Winnie Mandela is Pondo, Nelson Mandela (Madiba) is Thembu and Steve Biko is Xhosa. Oppression of the Xhosa and the Cattle Killing Episode: BBC Story of Africa The Xhosa tend to dominate politics in South Africa and many cabinet members come from the Eastern Cape, which is, but one of the nine provinces in South Africa. Presidents Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki of the new democratic South Africa come from the Eastern Cape and are Xhosa speaking. Perhaps it should be seen as just reward for it was upon the Xhosa that the longest struggle and main burden of resistance to white penetration of the South African interior fell. With the meeting of the advancing Xhosa and with white settlers, and the establishment of the Fish River as the boundary between black and white, a century of war was unavoidable although peace inevitably followed. With the influence of the missionaries and subsequent ever-increasing contact with western society, much of the rich heritage of the Xhosa people is gradually disappearing. Traditionally the Xhosa men fulfilled the role of warrior, hunter and stockman looking after their cattle while the women looked after the land, the crops and homes.

78. Xhosa | Red Blanket People | Tribe, South Africa... The xhosa, also often called the Red Blanket People are of Nguni stock, The first group of early Nguni immigrants to migrate to South africa consisted http://www.safari.co.za/africa_xhosa.html

Main About: Siyabona Africa African Safari Tours [Home] Namibia Safari Tours 10 day De Luxe Safari ... 6 day Tented Safari Tour Xhosa Introduction The Xhosa , also often called the “Red Blanket People”, are of Nguni stock, like the Zulu . The name Xhosa is a generalised term for a diversity of proud clans, the Pondo, Bomvana, Thembu and the Xhosa tribe itself. Red and the orange of ochre were the traditional colours of the Xhosa , Tembu and Bomvana (“the red ones”). The first group of early Nguni immigrants to migrate to South Africa consisted of the Xhosa , (made up of the the Gcaleka, Ngqika, Ndlambe and Dushane clans), the Thembu and Pondo. However, a second group of Nguni-speakers joined these tribes later. These were the tribes that Shaka, the Zulu king, drove out of Zululand. Some returned to Zululand when peace was declared, but those who remained became known as the Mfengu and were assimilated into the Xhosa nation. The early immigrants formed the backbone of the Xhosa nation and have good reason to be proud. Not only were they to become the second largest group of Black Africans in South Africa but they were also the only ones that were never defeated or enslaved by any other tribe. Eastern Cape Province They even repulsed the mighty Zulu chief, Shaka. Ex-President Nelson Mandela belongs to this ethnic group. The Xhosa live mainly in the

79. Talking About "Tribe" For most people in Western countries, africa immediately calls up the word xhosa ANC followers. Yet this was not an ancient tribal conflict either, http://www.africaaction.org/bp/ethall.htm

Top: Africa Policy Home Page Up: Table of Contents Talking about "Tribe" Moving from Stereotypes to Analysis Background Paper Published November, 1997 Last updated November, 1997 For most people in Western countries, Africa immediately calls up the word "tribe." The idea of tribe is ingrained, powerful, and expected. Few readers question a news story describing an African individual as a tribesman or tribeswoman, or the depiction of an African's motives as tribal. Many Africans themselves use the word "tribe" when speaking or writing in English about community, ethnicity or identity in African states. Yet today most scholars who study African states and societiesboth African and non-Africanagree that the idea of tribe promotes misleading stereotypes. The term "tribe" has no consistent meaning. It carries misleading historical and cultural assumptions. It blocks accurate views of African realities. At best, any interpretation of African events that relies on the idea of tribe contributes no understanding of specific issues in specific countries. At worst, it perpetuates the idea that African identities and conflicts are in some way more "primitive" than those in other parts of the world. Such misunderstanding may lead to disastrously inappropriate policies. In this paper we argue that anyone concerned with truth and accuracy should avoid the term "tribe" in characterizing African ethnic groups or cultures. This is not a matter of political correctness. Nor is it an attempt to deny that cultural identities throughout Africa are powerful, significant and sometimes linked to deadly conflicts. It is simply to say that using the term "tribe" does not contribute to understanding these identities or the conflicts sometimes tied to them. There are, moreover, many less loaded and more helpful alternative words to use. Depending on context, people, ethnic group, nationality, community, village, chiefdom, or kin-group might be appropriate. Whatever the term one uses, it is essential to understand that identities in Africa are as diverse, ambiguous, complex, modern, and changing as anywhere else in the world.

80. Wild Coast The xhosa people live mostly in the Ciskei and Transkei areas of the The indigenous people they encountered on their migration and settlement were the http://www.araly.com/wildcoast.htm

The dramatic and mostly undeveloped coastline of an area previously known as the Transkei, is called the Wild Coast. There are a number of small resorts along the coastline with beautiful stretches of beach, a large variety of birds and excellent fishing. There are some very interesting hiking and trail routes in the area, including the "Otter Trail". The Transkei is home to the Xhosa people. Views from the area around Port St. Johns, where the Umzimvubu river flows into the Indian Ocean. Two views south of Port St. Johns on one of the hikes. Third picture is of Umngazi river mouth. Views from the "Hole-in-the-Wall" south of Port St. Johns. The third picture is another view of Umngazi river mouth. The last picture is of a vervet monkey. Additional pictures of the coastline, and one inland on the way to the Magwa Falls. Xhosa The Xhosa people live mostly in the Ciskei and Transkei areas of the Eastern Cape. They were part of the southward migration of the Nguni people, and by 1600 were settled in this area. The indigenous people they encountered on their migration and settlement were the Bushmen and Hottentot. These people known as the Khoisan, had some influence on their language and culture, in particular the "clicking" sound made famous in "The Click Song" by Miriam Makeba.

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