61. Mail Tribune :: Online Edition the US Fish and wildlife Service’s refusal to consider the wolverine for the going well for the wolverine, but the Fish and wildlife Service doesn’t http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2005/0609/local/stories/07local.htm

Oregon Road Email Story to a Friend June 9, 2005 Lawsuit seeks to protect reclusive wolverine in West By PARIS ACHEN Mail Tribune The lawsuit, filed in Missoula, Mont., is the latest in a five-year effort to force the agency to take steps to protect the reclusive predator and its high-elevation habitats. The suit was filed in Montana because the state is one of the few remaining areas where the wolverine is known to exist. Trapping of wolverines is legal in the state. "There are a lot of indications that things are not going well for the wolverine, but the Fish and Wildlife Service doesn’t want to open an investigation," said attorney Tim Preso of Earthjustice, a nonprofit law firm based in Oakland, Calif. Preso represents the groups in the suit, including Ashland-based Klamath-Siskiyou Wildlands Center. Other plaintiffs are Defenders of Wildlife in Washington, D.C.; Friends of the Clearwater in Moscow, Idaho; and Northwest Ecosystem Alliance in Bellingham, Wash. Wolverines weigh about 60 pounds in adulthood and resemble a weasel. They make their dens under snow cover in remote areas usually at altitudes of 6,000 to 7,000 feet, said Jeff von Kienast, a wildlife biologist with the Prospect Ranger District of the Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest. They are known to exist in the northern Cascades of Washington, and the Rocky Mountains of Idaho, Montana and Wyoming.

62. Mail Tribune News - Groups To Sue For Wolverine Listing sue the US Fish and wildlife Service in an effort to place the wolverine underthe The Fish and wildlife Service, which is responsible for listing http://www.mailtribune.com/archive/2000/december/122000n3.htm

Groups to sue for Wolverine listing By Paul Fattig Environmental groups plan to file a 60-day notice of intent today to sue the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in an effort to place the wolverine under the protection of the Endangered Species Act. The goal is to force the agency to take steps to protect the dwindling populations of the reclusive predator and its high-elevation habitat, said Joseph Vaile, spokesman for the Williams-based Klamath-Siskiyou Wildlands Center, one of the petitioners. "This species once inhabited much of the Oregon Cascades, Klamath-Siskiyous and Sierra Nevadas," he said. "Massive logging, road building and trapping have virtually extirpated the species." In addition to the center, other groups joining the legal effort include the Predator Conservation Alliance, Defenders of Wildlife and the Northwest Ecosystem Alliance. Wolverines, which weigh about 60 pounds when fully grown, look somewhat like a badger or a small bear but are in the weasel family. They are nocturnal, solitary predators. Since 1973, Oregon has listed them as a threatened species. They were first proposed for listing under the federal Endangered Species Act in 1994, and again last August.

63. Furbearer Management Mandatory registration of fisher, lynx and wolverine has been in effect since Fish wildlife Division district offices will issue a direct payment of http://www.albertaoutdoorsmen.ca/trappingregs/furbearer-management.htm

FURBEARER MANAGEMENT (Click on a category to immediately reach its starting point) Furbearer Management Registration Information Fisher and Wolverine Carcass Collection Program Alberta 2003-2004 Fur Production Primeness of Pelts ... Control of Problem Wildlife Furbearer Management Registration Information back to top Mandatory registration of fisher, lynx and wolverine has been in effect since 1989; river otter was added in 1996. The information gained allows annual harvest comparisons to be made immediately after the trapping season so required changes in harvest quotas can be made for the next season. The following table provides a comparison of the number of furbearers registered during past seasons. More specific information can be obtained from regional Fur Registration Species Lynx Fisher Wolverine Otter Total Fisher and Wolverine Carcass Collection Program back to top Mandatory registration of certain pelts of fur-bearers provides valuable information to wildlife managers. However, there is need for additional biological information on

64. WKSS wolverine Ecology, Distribution and Productivity in the Slave Geological 30 including experienced wolverine hunters, wildlife officers, biologists, http://www.wkss.nt.ca/HTML/08_ProjectsReports/08_wolverine/08_wolverine.htm

Wolverine Ecology, Distribution and Productivity in the Slave Geological Province Organization / Researcher: GNWT, Robert Mulders Length of Project: 4 years (1995-1999) (WKSS funding provided 1996 to end) Personnel involved: At least 30 including experienced Wolverine hunters, wildlife officers, biologists, technicians, and pilots. School classes were visited as well. Total Expenditures (WKSS funding only): $281,650 Wolverines are solitary animals that live and breed in large areas of undisturbed land. Developments like roads and mine sites could pose a danger to Wolverine populations by making over-hunting possible and reducing the amount of Wolverine habitat available. This study set out to establish Wolverine distribution and home range size, denning locations and fidelity to den sites; to estimate the reproductive rate; and to document harvesting intensity, composition and locations in the Slave Geological Province. A further objective of assessing the impact of winter roads on Wolverines was dropped as there was insufficient time and resources to collect the information. It was the intent of the study to document the location and size of Wolverine home ranges by use of radio collars. A total of 36 Wolverines (21 female, 15 male) were captured, fitted with radio collars and tracked. The animals were mostly captured by experienced hunters on snow machines, and with baited barrel traps. However, tracking Wolverines by radio collar proved challenging. Two Wolverines slipped their collars within days of deployment, eleven others dropped their collars prematurely, two collared females were thought to have died of natural causes, and two others died as a result of collar-induced infection. Thirteen radio collars went "missing" from the study area; it is not known whether the animals moved out of range of the study area or whether collars failed prematurely.

65. Parks Canada - Banff National Park Of Canada - Trans-Canada Highway Twinning Pro todate has not demonstrated that wolverine use wildlife crossing structures.The Project s effects on wildlife s ability to move across the landscape http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/ab/banff/docs/routes/phase111b/page3_E.asp

Français Contact Us Help Search ... Planning Your Visit Search Enter a keyword: Introduction What's New Visitor Information Activities ... Park Management Highway Mitigation Research One-of-a-Kind Project Project description and study area Trans Canada Highway Twinning Chronology ... List of Publications Public Safety Important Bulletins Weather Forecast Trail Conditions Report Road Conditions Report ... Avalanche Bulletin Contact Us Banff National Park Box 900 Banff, AB Canada Phone: Fax: Email: banff.vrc@pc.gc.ca Banff National Park of Canada Park Management Trans-Canada Highway Twinning Project: Phase IIIB Environmental Screening Report - Report Summary Environmental Screening Results Table A provides a summary of the issues, impact characteristics and examples of key mitigations that have been incorporated into the project design, or are being recommended. Wildlife The wildlife species selected as VECs for the assessment were elk, deer, moose, grizzly bear, black bear, wolf, lynx, wolverine, harlequin duck and boreal toad. In addition, two general classes of wildlife were also considered: small to medium-sized mammals, and passerines (i.e., songbirds). The wildlife assessment considered three types of impacts: habitat loss;

66. Parks Canada - Banff National Park Of Canada - Natural Wonders And Cultural Trea Following is information on wolverine ecology, how to recognize their sign andsuggestions When in the backcountry, observe all wildlife tracks closely. http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/ab/banff/natcul/natcul15_E.asp

Français Contact Us Help Search ... Planning Your Visit Search Enter a keyword: Introduction What's New Visitor Information Climate and Geology ... Park Management Public Safety Important Bulletins Weather Forecast Trail Conditions Report Road Conditions Report ... Avalanche Bulletin Contact Us Banff National Park Box 900 Banff, AB Canada Phone: Fax: Email: banff.vrc@pc.gc.ca Banff National Park of Canada Wolverine: legendary enigma Wolverine Research Update 2004 Wolverine: legendary enigma Biology and Ecology Wolverine Research Identifying Wolverine Tracks Conservation Concerns ... How You Can Help Biology and Ecology The wolverine is the largest terrestrial member of the weasel family, collectively known as mustelids. Their relatives include weasels, mink, marten, fisher, badger and otters. They are truly a holarctic species, found across northern North America, Scandinavia and Russia. The wolverine, particularly males which can be twice as big as females, is often mistaken for a small bear or a large hoary marmot. Close in size to a medium dog, males can weigh up to 18 kg, while females are as heavy as 12 kg. They have a rich, chocolate brown coat with blonde stripes down the sides. Individuals have unique silvery markings on their face, which is broad and large for the body size. If you see a wolverine, consider yourself lucky, for they are few and far between. Researchers in British Columbia and Idaho estimate there is just one wolverine for every 150 to 300 km2. They cover a lot of ground in search of food and mates. In the far north, males may range over 3000 km2, an area as large as Kootenay and Yoho National Parks combined.

67. Wildlife Works Distressed print honors the elusive wolverine. This classic baby tee offers a Every time you buy a wildlife Works product, you help us build a brighter http://www.wildlifeworks.com/prod/product3.html

Support the United Nations Environment Programme: UNEP Merchandise Program Protect the Seals: Do Something Campaign Help Flora pay to stay at the Elephant Sanctuary: Free Flora Campaign Nevada Wolverines Baby Tee Distressed print honors the elusive wolverine. This classic baby tee offers a fitted, feminine cut. Made from 100% soft organic cotton. Price: $20.00 Style #: 1000-152 SIZE: Medium Large Extra Large COLOR: Gold (GLD) QUANTITY: Did you know? Native American mythology characterizes the Wolverine as a hero and trickster, and a link to the spirit world. Early trappers and frontier people spun tales of a cunning, ferocious and destructive beast. In truth, the wolverine is one of the least known and understood mammals in the United States. These creatures appear to need large tracts of land - places where no humans roam. Wilderness may be the most important factor in maintaining populations of wolverines. Your Purchase Matters Every time you buy a Wildlife Works product, you help us build a brighter future for endangered wildlife and their habitats. It's called Consumer Powered Conservation sm - and you make it work.

68. Government Of Yukon - Department Of Environment - Wolverine Tales tell of grizzlies and wolves backing down from the wolverine in confrontations Fish and wildlife Contents. Fish and wildlife Information Fish http://www.environmentyukon.gov.yk.ca/wolverine.html

Advanced Search Contact Us Site Map Fran§ais ... Carnivores > Wolverine Wolverine Carnivores Arctic Fox (N/A) Black Bear Cougar (N/A) Coyote Ermine and Least Weasel Fisher Grizzly Bear ... Mink Polar Bear (N/A) Red Fox River Otter Wolverine Wolf (N/A) Wolverine THE SPECIES: Gulo gulo "... a ravenous monster of insatiate voracity, matchless strength, and supernatural cunning, a terror to all other beasts, the blood thirsty monster of the forest." Elliott Coues, the renowned 19th century naturalist who wrote these words, was describing the general opinion of the wolverine. Tales tell of grizzlies and wolves backing down from the wolverine in confrontations over food. It has been blamed for breaking into cabins and caches, rendering the contents useless with its urine and musk. But this stocky member of the weasel family has a reputation that is largely undeserved. Although common in the Yukon, the wolverine is one of the rarest of mammals, and perhaps one of the best representative of all that is considered wilderness. DISTRIBUTION In the Yukon, wolverines occur in all habitats, from forested valleys to alpine and arctic tundra. However they are most abundant in mountainous regions that support a variety of habitats and a diversity of prey. Our best wolverine range, the southwest Yukon, supports approximately one wolverine per 180 square kilometres.

69. Trappers Shed Light On Wildlife Especially for species such as wolverine, the observations of local trappers and like many other species of wildlife, wolverine were severely reduced in http://www.seeleyswanpathfinder.com/pfnews/1999news/jan99/gamerng3.html

Seeley Swan to Welcome Communities Recreation Real Estate Events ... Businesses Local Trappers Shed Light on Furbearer Populations Seeley Swan Pathfinder January 28, 1999 by Mike Thompson, Wildlife Biologist The only thing that allowed me to survive a Friday afternoon of mandatory computer training in Missoula was that morning's discussion about wolverine, lynx and marten with local trappers in Seeley Lake. And, I'll confess, the quick return trip from Seeley to Missoula in my 3/4-ton time capsule was not nearly long enough to prepare my psyche for an abrupt transition from the very roots of wildlife science to the work environment of the modern biologist. The profession of scientific wildlife management originated about 60 years ago from the interests, talents and discoveries of skilled outdoorsmen like those trappers who gathered at the invitation of the Seeley Lake Ranger District a couple weeks back. The most secretive denizens of the backcountry (other than the trappers themselves) have so far eluded definitive scientific study. Especially for species such as wolverine, the observations of local trappers are the best information available to land and wildlife managers, and their experiences also fill local gaps in our understanding of many well-studied species. Recently, the wolverine has suffered a degree of political notoriety because of its apparent tendency to use snow-filled, alpine basins for giving birth to its young during the same time that snowmobilers love to play in the same kinds of areas. Some of the older trappers reminded us that notoriety is nothing new to the wolverine. Many early-day homesteaders in the Seeley-Swan (and elsewhere across North America, Scandinavia and Siberia) were pestered by the wolverine's habits of breaking into cabins and following trappers' traplines to devour their catches.

70. Alaska Travel Information Vacation Planning Guide - In Alaska.com Alaska Maritime National wildlife Refuge over 2500 islands, headlands, rocks,islets, Moose, caribou, wolves, brown bear and wolverine live here, http://www.inalaska.com/alaska/wildlife/wildlife2.html

71. Alaska Department Of Fish And Game, Division Of Wildife Conservation to wolverine occupancy, survival, and fecundity and has hindered wildlife These data will be used to construct predictive coarse scale wolverine http://www.wildlife.alaska.gov/management/research_project_detail.cfm?research_o

72. Road Watch In The Pass - Identifying Wildlife We are looking for pictures to help us complete and enhance the wildlife primer . The wolverine is one of the larger species in the weasel family and can http://www.rockies.ca/roadwatch/primer.php

About Road Watch How to Participate Submit Observations Map Tutorial ... Acknowledgements Wildlife Information Primer We are looking for pictures to help us complete and enhance the wildlife primer. If you have a picture and would like to contribute to this project please send it to Jan at jcquin@telus.net . You will be automatically entered into our prize draw. To help you identify wildlife species in the Crowsnest Pass, click on the list below: Grizzly Bear Black Bear Cougar Lynx ... White-tailed Deer Grizzly Bear: Photo Credit: Houghton Mifflin Company / Courtesy of Brian Patton The grizzly bear is larger than the black bear. Its snout rises abruptly into its broad, concave face. Grizzlies can be distinguished from black bears by the large hump of muscle on their shoulders, a dished face and longer claws. Black Bear: Photo Credit: Houghton Mifflin Company The black bear comes in a variety of colors including brown, cream and black. Its face is roundish in profile. The snout of the black bear tapers gradually into its broad head. The black bear has small black eyes, rounded ears, and a short neck. Its back and shoulders form a nearly straight line. Cougar: Photo Credit: Houghton Mifflin Company / Undisclosed The cougar is one of our largest and most powerful predatory animals, exceeded in size only by the bears. Male cougars can weigh up to 90kg (200 pounds). Its body color ranges from tawny brown to grayish brown and the young are spotted all over. The cougar is large and long. Its head is quite small with rounded ears; its long tail is has a dark brown tip.

73. Wildlife - Oil On Ice - Explore The Issues The Arctic National wildlife Refuge is hardly a barren wasteland with nothing muskox, weasels, lemmings, wolves, foxes, wolverine, and porcupine. http://www.oilonice.org/explore/wildlife.php

Visit the Arctic Refuge Gallery Join our mailing list... E-mail: The Wildlife The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is hardly a barren wasteland with "nothing there" as Interior Secretary Gale Norton and Alaska Governor Frank Murkowski claim. It is the polar opposite. Its snows blanket one of the most biologically productive regions on the planet. Once the long winter ends in June, its land, mountains, rivers and seas explode with life. Over the next four months a combination of continual sunlight, abundant plant growth, and rich nutrients generate an astonishing quantity and diversity of living things. This arctic coastal plain of the Refuge becomes the feeding and breeding grounds for over 180 species of resident and migratory birds, a herd of 130,000 caribou, all three species of North American bears, plus Dall sheep, muskox, weasels, lemmings, wolves, foxes, wolverine, and porcupine. Interested in protecting Alaska's wild animals? The Wildlife section of the Grassroots Action Toolkit has up-to-date information, links and tools for the wild at heart. The millions of migratory birds that rely on the Arctic coastal habitat in the Refuge come from six continents and all fifty states. They include snowy owls, lapland longspurs, semipalmated plovers, raptors such as peregrine, gyrfalcons, and golden eagles, and many varieties of ducks and geese. Some birds feast on swarming insects and insect larvae; others, including hundreds of thousands of snow geese, devour the stems and bulbs of marshy plants before departing on migrations far across the globe.

74. Kenai Fjords National Park wolverine Survey for Upper Turnagain Arm and Kenai Mountains The US ForestService, US Fish and wildlife Service, and the National Park Service are http://www.nps.gov/kefj/planning and management/Reports/WolverineSurvey.htm

Kenai Fjords National Park National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Wolverine Survey for Upper Turnagain Arm and Kenai Mountains May 2004 Interagency Collaborative Project Progress Report Prepared by Howard Golden Alaska Department of Fish and Game Summary: Project cooperators conducted a SUPE survey of the wolverine population in upper Turnagain Arm and the Kenai Mountains in March 2004. We surveyed 4,340 km2 of the 9,900 km2 planned. Snow and weather conditions were not favorable for completing a survey of the entire area. We conducted the SUPE on 6 and 17 March 2004, using 5 pilot/observer teams on the 6th and 2 teams on the 17th. We sampled 87 SUs from among 171 quadrats during the survey of the 4,340 km2. We observed 11 individual wolverine tracks among 10 track groups, resulting in a population estimate of 12.80 (SE = 1.54) wolverines (80% CI = 11.00, 14.93) and a density of 2.95 (SE = 0.36) wolverines/1000 km2 (80% CI = 2.53, 3.44). Plans are to continue the SUPE survey in winter 2005. Introduction: Methods: The total survey area in upper Turnagain Arm and the Kenai Mountains is 9,900 km2 and contains 386 quadrats, each approximately 25 km2. We divided the entire area into 207 high and 179 medium-low strata, based upon their likelihood of containing wolverine tracks, among 5 smaller areas (Figure 1). The areas were prioritized to meet agency needs and for orderly progression of the survey. Out of the 386 quadrats, we selected 188 (134 high and 54 medium-low) sample units (SUs) to survey, which was an overall sampling rate of 48.7% (65% of the high and 30% of the medium-low strata).

75. Critter Crossings - Four Tools To Assess Wildlife Linkage Areas Photo of a wolverine The study area included wideranging animals like the To learn about the wildlife in the study area, the researchers used a http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/wildlifecrossings/linkage.htm

Text only Critter Crossings Linking Habitats and Reducing Roadkill Previous Table of Contents Next Four Tools to Assess Wildlife Linkage Areas Washington The study area included wide-ranging animals like the wolverine (left) and less-mobile animals like the papillose tail-dropper (right). The powerfully-built, dark brown wolverine looks like a small bear (except for its bushy tail), but it acts and moves like a weasel. Human disturbance has reduced its vast historic range in the U.S. to the northern Rockies in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. The papillose tail-dropper is a 1/2-inch-long (12-millimeter-long) slug, brown with bumps ("papilla") and black spots. It can drop and regenerate its tail as a defensive tactic against predators. Old forests offer the tail-dropper the dampness and food (fungi) it needs. T he President's Northwest Forest Plan calls the Snoqualmie Pass-Interstate 90 corridor east of Seattle "a critical connective link in the north-south movement of organisms in the Cascade Range." The corridor is considered a "critical" link because it passes through old-growth forests, separating the unique plant and animal species that live in them. Early in 1998, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) and the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) launched a cooperative research effort to study the effects of I-90 on wildlife movement. The researchers chose a 30-mile (48.3-km) study area along I-90, from Snoqualmie Pass and its popular ski resort east to the town of Cle Elum on the edge of the Wenatchee Forest. In many places, I-90 is 8 lanes wide; traffic averages 24,400 vehicles a day and is expected to grow to 41,400 a day by 2018.

76. Critter Crossings - Photo Of A Wolverine Photo of a wolverine. Four Tools to Assess wildlife Linkage Areas, 12 of 44.Photo of a wolverine Photo by Jeffrey C. Lewis http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/wildlifecrossings/photo12.htm

Critter Crossings Linking Habitats and Reducing Roadkill Previous Photo Photo Credits Next Photo Photo of a Wolverine Four Tools to Assess Wildlife Linkage Areas 12 of 44 Photo by Jeffrey C. Lewis The study area included wide-ranging animals like the wolverine and less-mobile animals like the papillose tail-dropper. The powerfully-built, dark brown wolverine looks like a small bear (except for its bushy tail), but it acts and moves like a weasel. Human disturbance has reduced its vast historic range in the U.S. to the northern Rockies in Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Four Tools to Assess Wildlife Linkage Areas Table of Contents Previous Photo Photo Credits ... Feedback United States Department of Transportation - Federal Highway Administration

77. Utah Division Of Wildlife Resources Photo Courtesy of Utah Division of wildlife Resources. The wolverine, Gulo gulo,has a holarctic distribution, occurring in the northern parts of North http://dwrcdc.nr.utah.gov/rsgis2/Search/Display.asp?FlNm=gulogulo

78. EPA: Federal Register: Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants; 90-Day Fin the North American wolverine AGENCY Fish and wildlife Service, Interior. The petitioners requested that wolverine populations across their entire http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/1995/April/Day-19/pr-229.html

Federal Register Environmental Documents Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Federal Register FR Years FR Months ... and Regulations Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-Day Finding for a Petition to List as Endangered or Threatened the Contiguous United States Population of the North American Wolverine The Service has made a 90-day finding on a petition to list the North American wolverine (Gulo gulo luscus) in the contiguous United States. The petition, dated August 3, 1994, was submitted by the Biodiversity Legal Foundation, Boulder, Colorado, and the Predator Project, Bozeman, Montana, and was received by the Service on August 8, 1994. The petitioners requested that wolverine populations across their entire known historic range in the 48 contiguous United States be listed as threatened or endangered. For most States, particularly those east of the Rocky Mountains, the petitioners only cited historic reports of wolverines to support their delineation of wolverine distribution in the contiguous United States. The petition provided no information to confirm the accuracy of these historic reports. The petition presented no empirical data to assist the Service in assessing the historic or present population status of wolverines in those States where it possibly occurs or throughout the historic range suggested by the petitioners. Additionally, the petition contained little documentation of threats to the wolverine over all or a significant portion of its contiguous United States range. No substantiating data was provided to demonstrate that the asserted threats had resulted in a significant decline in wolverine numbers.

79. EPA: Federal Register: Endangered And Threatened Wildlife And Plants; 90-day Fin wolverine in the Contiguous United States AGENCY Fish and wildlife Service, Additional research on wolverine ecology, current and historic Page http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-SPECIES/2003/October/Day-21/e26453.htm

Federal Register Environmental Documents Recent Additions Contact Us Print Version Search: EPA Home Federal Register FR Years FR Months ... and Regulations Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 90-day Finding for a Petition To List as Endangered or Threatened Wolverine in the Contiguous United States FW6_wolverine@fws.gov EPA Home Privacy and Security Notice Contact Us

80. ND Endangered And Threatened Species The wolverine appears extirpated (no longer exists) in North Dakota, and probably of wolverines in North Dakota should be reported to a wildlife agency. http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/wildlife/nddanger/species/gulogulo.htm

Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center Home Site Map About ... Web Help North Dakota's Wolverine ( Gulo gulo Status: Former Candidate (Note: As of February 28, 1996, this species is no longer listed as a Candidate species. However, it remains a species of management concern.) Historical Status: The wolverine was historically found throughout large portions of North America, Europe and Asia. In the United States they were found as far south as Maryland and New Mexico. Wolverine numbers appeared to begin to decline in the mid-1800's. Present Status: The wolverine is found throughout the northern forests and polar regions of the world. However, the southern limit of its range has been pushed much further north than its historical distribution. The wolverine has been extirpated from most of its former range in the lower 48 states. Scattered populations can still be found in the western United States. The wolverine appears extirpated (no longer exists) in North Dakota, and probably has been for some time. Individuals, probably dispersing animals, have shown up in South Dakota and Iowa within the last 30 years. Habitat: Although the wolverine once inhabited deciduous forests and grasslands like those found in the Dakotas, today it is limited to conifer forests and tundras.

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