61. African Languages. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 Tonality is a common feature of indigenous African languages. The West Atlanticbranch includes many languages, among them wolof (in Senegal), http://www.bartleby.com/65/af/Africanlng.html

Select Search All Bartleby.com All Reference Columbia Encyclopedia World History Encyclopedia Cultural Literacy World Factbook Columbia Gazetteer American Heritage Coll. Dictionary Roget's Thesauri Roget's II: Thesaurus Roget's Int'l Thesaurus Quotations Bartlett's Quotations Columbia Quotations Simpson's Quotations Respectfully Quoted English Usage Modern Usage American English Fowler's King's English Strunk's Style Mencken's Language Cambridge History The King James Bible Oxford Shakespeare Gray's Anatomy Farmer's Cookbook Post's Etiquette Bulfinch's Mythology Frazer's Golden Bough All Verse Anthologies Dickinson, E. Eliot, T.S. Frost, R. Hopkins, G.M. Keats, J. Lawrence, D.H. Masters, E.L. Sandburg, C. Sassoon, S. Whitman, W. Wordsworth, W. Yeats, W.B. All Nonfiction Harvard Classics American Essays Einstein's Relativity Grant, U.S. Roosevelt, T. Wells's History Presidential Inaugurals All Fiction Shelf of Fiction Ghost Stories Short Stories Shaw, G.B. Stein, G. Stevenson, R.L. Wells, H.G. Reference Columbia Encyclopedia PREVIOUS NEXT ... BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. African languages geographic rather than linguistic classification of languages spoken on the African continent. Historically the term refers to the languages of sub-Saharan Africa, which do not belong to a single family, but are divided among several distinct linguistic stocks. It is estimated that more than 800 languages are spoken in Africa; however, they belong to comparatively few language families. Some 50 African languages have more than half a million speakers each, but many others are spoken by relatively few people. Tonality is a common feature of indigenous African languages. There are usually two or three tones (based on pitch levels rather than the rising and falling in inflections of Chinese tones) used to indicate semantic or grammatical distinction.

62. AFRICAN BY NATURE® - GLOSSARY OF TERMS Of or relating to groups of indigenous African people sharing a common and Note 1 wolof and the language spoken in ancient Kemet (Egypt) were closely http://www.africanbynature.com/glossary.html

A B C D ... I J K L M N ... S T U V W X Y Z A Abandonment: 1. To withdraw one's support or help from, especially in spite of duty, allegiance, or responsibility; desert. 2. To give up by leaving or ceasing to operate or inhabit, especially as a result of danger or other impending threat. 3. To surrender one's claim to, right to, or interest in; give up entirely. 4. To cease trying to continue; desist from. 5. To yield (oneself) completely, as to emotion. To deserted; forsake. Aboriginal: Having existed in a land or region from the beginning. Aborigine: A member of the indigenous (these indigenous peoples are now called "Black", english word, by modern Europeans), original inhabitants, or earliest known population of a land or region. Australia's indigenous people. Note: Considered by most scientist today that modern Africans (Homo sapiens), crossed over to Australia from New Guinea over an land bridge, some 60,000 or more years ago. Afar: Afar is the name that people of the Northeast use themselves. In the Amhara language they are called Adal; Arabs call them Danakil (Dankali); Oromo refer to them as Adali and neighboring Somali groups use the term Odali. In Tigrayan they are the Teltal. Afar is a more or less homogenous ethnic group. They are Muslims and have always 'enjoyed' a wild reputation, through stories by Arab and European imperialist, travelers and traders. There are many Afar groups, but all consider themselves Afars. All groups speak the Afar language known as Afar-Af, except for the Irob group of the North, who speak Saho. Other groups are the Ankala, the Adhali and the Able (near Rarahita), the Uluhto, Ayrolasso, and Asabbakari, the Modhito (near Awsa), the Dammohoyta, and the Seka noblemen.

63. The Oral Tradition - Drumming For African people, dancing is as natural as breathing and the music is always and wolof peoples and modern African and contemporary Western music. http://www.si.umich.edu/chico/UMS/Drummers/drumming.html

Drumming Introduction Storytelling Doudou N'Diaye Rose The Mandinka Epic ... The Mandinka Story "For African people, dancing is as natural as breathing and the music is always around, as essential as the air. " - Eric Serra (after arriving in Africa for the first time to meet Doudou N'diaye Rose) Styles of playing The styles described here are divided into several groups: Manding and Mbalax, based on the traditional music of the Manding and Wolof peoples and modern African and contemporary Western music. African drumming has heavily influenced by Cuban dance music and western pop. Manding Manding music is the music of the Manding (Mande) group of peoples, who were the inhabitants of the vast Manding empire 13th to 15th century. It stretched from the south of what is now Senegal and Gambia, and included Mali and the west of Guinea as well. Music used to be the exclusive domain of a caste of musicians, the Jalis or griots . Though this is now starting to change, this is still obvious nowadays. There are three main styles, related to a language and people of the same name: Maninka, Bamana (or Bambara) and Mandinka. The last few years, the Wassoulou style from the region of the same name is gaining popularity.

64. The MIA Curriculum Most people are not aware of the exponential growth of stock markets in africa, Only indigenous african languages are eligible to count toward the http://www.columbia.edu/cu/sipa/MIA/afr.html

65. Ethnicity And Race By Countries Gambia, The, African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Venezuela, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Arab, German, African, indigenous people http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0855617.html

in All Infoplease Almanacs Biographies Dictionary Encyclopedia Daily Almanac for Sep 27, 2005 Skip Navigation Home Almanacs ... Word of the Day Editor's Favorites Hispanic Heritage Month Hurricane Katrina Daylight Saving Time Rosh Hashanah ... Texas Infoplease Tools Periodic Table Conversion Tool Perpetual Calendar Year by Year ... Site Map College Center Scholarship Search College Resources Career Center Job Search Post Your Resume Continuing Ed. more . . . Search: Infoplease Info search tips Search: Biographies Bio search tips World Countries Ethnicity and Race by Countries Afghanistan Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians (1989 est.) Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua and Barbuda black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian

66. Gambian People | Gambia, The's People | Gambia, Thes People Ethnic groups African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Languages English (official), Mandinka, wolof, Fula, other indigenous http://www.travelblog.org/World/ga-ppl.html

Travel Blog About TravelBlog World Facts Latest Travel Journals ... Gambia, The Select a country Afghanistan Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Arctic Ocean Argentina Armenia Aruba Ashmore and Cartier Islands Atlantic Ocean Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas, The Bahrain Baker Island Bangladesh Barbados Bassas da India Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burma Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Clipperton Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Cook Islands Coral Sea Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic East Timor Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Europa Island Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Faroe Islands Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern and Antarctic Lands Gabon Gambia, The

67. African Films In French and indigenous languages with English subtitles. Senegalese filmmakerAbabacar Samb says, Jom is a wolof word which has no equivalent in http://members.aol.com/dpaterson/titles.htm

Home East African Music - African Studies - African Cinema African Radio Rakumi Arts - Anthropology - Résumé African Films Angano . . . Angano Boesman and Lena Ceddo The Cry of Reason Faces of Women ... Femmes aux Yeux Ouverts (Women with Open Eyes) The Fever Finzan From Today No More Girls Apart Guelwaar Guimba: The Tyrant ... Quartier Mozart Saarabe Samba Traoré Sango Malo The Stick Ta Dona ... Touki Bouki Wend Kuni Women with Open Eyes (Femmes aux Yeux Ouverts) A World Apart Woza Albert Xala Yeelen Zan Boko Boesman and Lena Top of Page 1973 Directed by Ross Devenish, South Africa. 102 minutes. The first of Athol Fugard's plays to be filmed, this remains unfortunately theatrical and wordy but nevertheless an extremely moving tale of a "Cape Coloured" couple on the road after their shanty is destroyed by government action. Fugard plays the lead role. Ceddo Top of Page 1977 Directed by Ousmane Sembene, Senegal. 120 minutes. In Wolof with English subtitles. Source: New Yorker Films This film is a national epic that bears the same definitive relationship to its culture that Griffith's The Birth of a Nation , Renoir's La Marseillaise and Eisenstein's Potemkin do to theirs.

68. ArtMattan Productions - Films From Africa And The African Diaspora - Our Films The film narrates the tribulations and successes of people of African descent Year 1998 African Film Minutes 65 Language wolof with English subtitles http://www.africanfilm.com/title_mz.htm

note: click on film graphics to see larger versions Director: Sergio Giral From: Cuba Year: Minutes: Language: Spanish with English subtitles Genre: Historical Drama click to enlarge Maluala takes us into a palenque, a settlement of escaped slaves hidden somewhere in Cuba's eastern mountains, where discord is sown between black "kings" by clever subversives working for the Spanish government. Gary Dauphin, The Village Voice video rental: video sale: Director: Mario Handler From: Venezuela Year: Minutes: Language: Spanish with English subtitles Genre: drama click to enlarge The action takes place in a village on the Venezuelan coast, a place of fishermen and big haciendas. Jose Ramon, son of a white aristocrat and a humble black fisher-women, is trying to define his own identity while dealing with social and sexual conflicts, power, culture, the law, and the impossible relationship he has with both his parents. 35mm rental: video rental: video sale: Director: Dominique Loreau From: Belgium Year: Minutes: Language: French with English subtitles Genre: docu-drama click to enlarge In this film, whose title is a Senegalese proverb, a griot (story teller) traveling from Dakar to Brussels weaves a tale about African expatriates and offers a candid look at the life of African immigrants in Belgium. With Sotigui Kouyate - a real life griot - as the story teller.

69. OneWorld.ca / In Depth / Africa / Southern Africa / Botswana - Full Coverage: Bo Historic Case Awards Land Rights to indigenous People Moving with Purpose have farreaching consequences for indigenous people globally, South africa s http://www.oneworld.ca/article/country/72/20

OneWorld.ca In Depth Africa Southern Africa ... Botswana Search for OneWorld.ca Unseulmonde.ca rabble.ca International Africa South Asia SouthEast Europe United Kingdom United States América Latina en Catalunya España maailma.net Nederland Österreich Unimondo.org AIDSChannel Digital Opportunity Itrainonline.org Kids Channel LearningChannel OneWorld Radio OneWorld TV NEWS IN DEPTH PARTNERS GET INVOLVED ... EDITIONS Southern Africa Botswana Bouvet Island Heard and McDonald Islands Lesotho ... Francais Full Coverage: Botswana To dig deeper into a topic, fill out the search criteria below or select from the menu on the left. Keyword Topic Select Development Capacity Building Children Cities Agriculture Aid Education Emergency Relief Energy Fisheries Food Intermediate Technology International Cooperation Labour MDGs Land Migration Population Poverty Refugees Social Exclusion Tourism Transport Volunteering Water/Sanitation Youth Economy Consumption Corporations Credit and Investment Debt Finance Microcredit Business Trade Environment Climate Change Conservation Environmental Activism Forests Genetics Animals Nuclear Issues Atmosphere Oceans Pollution Biodiverisity Renewable Energy Rivers Soils Health Disease/treatment AIDS Infant Mortality Malaria Narcotics Nutrition/Malnutrition Human Rights Civil Rights Disability Gender Indigenous Rights Race Politics Religion Sexuality Social Exclusion Communication Culture Freedom of Expression ICT Internet Knowledge Media Science

70. Senegal Overview in either wolof, the local national language, or French and francophone African development sites and indigenous villages in Senegal and the Gambia. http://www.livingroutes.org/programdetails/senegal/ecotourism/overview.html

Senegal Ecotourism and Sustainable Development Download program information sheet (PDF - 217k) Read the ongoing weblog for this program "There are two lasting bequests we can give our children. One is roots, the other is wings." - Frederick Buechner Overview Study abroad in Senegal and engage with ecovillagers and indigenous villagers on topics of sustainable development and ecotourism. Explore theories and get hands-on experience collaboratively assessing the needs of different communities by developing skills in Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) methods. In several West African villages that are working to improve their quality of life while preserving their millenia-old culture, you pursue service learning projects protecting natural resources, creating livelihoods, improving education and health, and celebrating cultural diversity. The first part of your program takes place at EcoYoff headquarters in Dakar. The following 4-6 weeks take place in rural villages rich in history, crafts and dance, bordering beautiful Lac de Guiers, reservoir for Senegal's potable water supply, where you interact with villagers and professionals from the World Bank's Long Term Water Project and the UNDP's Global Environmental Fund. Return to EcoYoff for two final weeks of reflection, analysis and sharing your results with the community.

71. God's Bits Of Wood - Les Bouts De Bois De Dieu In God s Bits of Wood, the striking African train workers and their families to prevent the countries of these indigenous peoples from developing and http://www.wmich.edu/dialogues/texts/godsbitsofwood.htm

God's Bits of Wood/ Les bouts de bois de Dieu Dialogues Notes Links Teaching ... Citations Sembene Ousmane's third novel, God's Bits of Wood , was originally written and published in French as Les Bouts de bois de Dieu . The novel is set in pre-independence Senegal and follows the struggles of the African trainworkers in three cities as they go on strike against their French employers in an effort for equal benefits and compensation. The chapters of the book shift between the cities of Bamako Thies , and Dakar and track the actions and growth of the men and women whose lives are transformed by the strike. Rather than number the chapters, Ousmane has labeled them by the city in which they take place, and the character who is the focal point of that chapter. As the strike progresses, the French management decides to "starve out" the striking workers by cutting off local access to water and applying pressure on local merchants to prevent those shop owners from selling food on credit to the striking families. The men who once acted as providers for their family, now rely on their wives to scrape together enough food in order to feed the families. The new, more obvious reliance on women as providers begins to embolden the women. Since the women now suffer along with their striking husbands, the wives soon see themselves as active strikers as well.

72. African Cinema: Media Resources Center UCB In French and wolof with English subtitles. 57 min. 9993240 It empowersBlack people on the screen by showing how African peoples desire for freedom http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/MRC/Africanfilm.html

Movies by African Filmmakers Movies Set In/About Africa African Studies videography Bibliography of books about African cinema in the UC Berkeley library The Cinema of Senegal 1978. 27 min. Video/C 4610 Sembene: The Making of African Cinema. Video/C 9820 Movies by African Filmmakers Africa Dreaming Sophia's homecoming / directed by Richard Pakleppa ; produced by Bridget Pickering (28 min.) Sabriya / written and directed by Abderrahmane Sissako ; produced by Dora Bouchoucha Fourati (28 min.) So be it / written, directed and produced by Joseph Gai Ramaka (28 min) The gaze of the stars / directed by Joao Ribeiro ; produced by Pedro Pimenta (28 min.). Four television shorts produced in four different African countries to be shown on the African television series Africa Dreaming. In Sophia'sHomecoming (Namibia) a woman who has worked as a domestic returns home to a terrible discovery: the ruptures caused by apartheid can never be repaired. In Sabriya (Tunisia) a modern woman disrupts the patterned mosaic of male Maghrebi society. So Be It (Senegal), based on a play by Wole Soyinka, follows the destruction of a well intentioned foreign doctor confronting fear, rage and powerlessness in a remote Senegalese village.

73. Arms Of Love International of the indigenous people groups also incorporate many elements of African The wolof language, for example the most widely spoken indigenous http://www.armsoflove.org/where_senegal_background.htm

Words Cannot Express the Blessings Nicaragua August 2005 Letters from the Philippines Philippines/Senegal July 2005 Resting in His Arms ... Archived Articles Where We Work: Dakar, Senegal Background The Sub-Saharan desert of Senegal Typical homes in a desert village Senegal is a country of about 10 million people, of which about 2 million live in the capital city of Dakar. Previously a French colony, Senegal has a democratic system of government and has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping. Senegal is fortunate in that it has not experienced civil wars of the type that have devastated many other African nations. French is the official language spoken in Senegal, but there are also many indigenous languages, the most prominent being Wolof. Senegal is part of Sub-Saharan Africa, which may be the poorest affinity bloc in the world. Half of the world's two dozen poorest countries are in this region. In the desert, families try to survive through subsistence farming, which is made extremely difficult by sand with poor topsoil and no rain for most of the year. The only food that can be grown in much of the desert is millet and cassava. Homes must be built and maintained using only those materials that can be found or dug up out of the ground. Drinking water is scarce, and in some areas the water has a salt and mineral content that is too high for it to be drinkable.

74. GeographyIQ - World Atlas - Africa - Senegal - People World africa Senegal People (Notes) All Senegalese speak an indigenouslanguage, of which wolof has the largest usage. http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/sg/Senegal_people_summary.htm

Home World Map Rankings Countries from A to Z A B C D ... Z Source: www.exchange-rates.org World Africa Senegal (Notes) Senegal - People (Notes) PEOPLE About 51% of Senegal's population is rural. In rural areas, density varies from about 77 per square kilometer (200 per sq. mi.) in the west-central region to 2 per square kilometer (5 per sq. mi.) in the arid eastern section. About 50,000 Europeans (mostly French) and Lebanese reside in Senegal, mainly in the cities. French is the official language but is used regularly only by the literate minority. All Senegalese speak an indigenous language, of which Wolof has the largest usage. Facts at a Glance: Geography People Government Economy ... CFA Franc BCEAO Exchange Rates Notes and Commentary: People Economy Government and Political Conditions Historical Highlights Foreign Relations ... Relations with U.S. Facts at a Glance Geography People Government Economy ... CFA Franc BCEAO Exchange Rates Notes and Commentary People Economy Government and Political Conditions Historical Highlights Foreign Relations ... Relations with U.S. Portions of this site are based on public domain works from the U.S. Dept. of State and the CIA World Fact Book For comments and feedback, write to us at

75. Ethnicity And Race By Countries Gambia, The, African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Liberia,indigenous African tribes 95% (including Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0855617.html

Home U.S. People Word Wise ... Homework Center Fact Monster Favorites Hurricane Katrina Ramadan Children Inventors The Doctor's In ... 2006 TFK Almanac Reference Desk Atlas Almanacs Dictionary Encyclopedia ... Countries Ethnicity and Race by Countries Afghanistan Pashtun 42%, Tajik 27%, Hazara 9%, Uzbek 9%, minor ethnic groups (Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baloch, and others) Albania Albanian 95%, Greeks 3%, other 2%: Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, and Bulgarians (1989 est.) Algeria Arab-Berber 99%, European less than 1% Andorra Spanish 43%, Andorran 33%, Portuguese 11%, French 7%, other 6% (1998) Angola Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Bakongo 13%, mestico (mixed European and Native African) 2%, European 1%, other 22% Antigua and Barbuda black, British, Portuguese, Lebanese, Syrian Argentina white (mostly Spanish and Italian) 97%; mestizo, Amerindian, other 3% Armenia Armenian 93%, Russian 2%, Azeri 1%, other (mostly Yezidi Kurds) 4% (2002). Note: as of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had emigrated from Armenia Australia Caucasian 92%, Asian 7%, aboriginal (353,000) and other 1% Austria German 88.5%, recent immigrant groups 10% (includes Turks, Bosnians, Serbians, Croatians), indigenous minorities 1.5% (includes Croatians, Slovenes, Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma) (2001)

76. People Of Gambia, The Ethnic groups, African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Languages, English (official), Mandinka, wolof, Fula, other indigenous http://www.appliedlanguage.com/country_guides/gambia_the_country_people.shtml

Applied Language Solutions offer quality language translation services for all applications, including website, medical and legal translations Email: enquiries@appliedlanguage.com FREE QUOTE SERVICES RESOURCES ... HOME PAGE Information For Gambia, The Introduction Geography People Government ... Country Flag Popular Pages Business Translation Free Translation Tools Free website translation Language Identifier Currency Converter Free Translation Information Translation Articles Submit An Article Language Directory Country Guides ... Z People Of Gambia, The Population 1,546,848 (July 2004 est.) Age structure 0-14 years: 44.7% (male 347,349; female 344,264) 15-64 years: 52.6% (male 403,297; female 410,382) 65 years and over: 2.7% (male 21,459; female 20,097) (2004 est.) Median age total: 17.5 years male: 17.4 years female: 17.7 years (2004 est.) Population growth rate 2.98% (2004 est.) Birth rate 40.3 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) Death rate 12.08 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) Net migration rate 1.57 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)

77. FWB, December 1993 Senegal, which was one of the first West African colonies to be seized by 35 percent of the population is wolof (the most numerous indigenous people, http://carbon.cudenver.edu/public/fwc/Issue6/senegal-1.html

C Indigenous Rebellion in the Casamance Province of Senegal BY LORI HARTMANN An indigenous rebellion has been taking place sporadically for more than ten years in the Casamance Province of Senegal. Intermittent guerrilla activity in the region has depended upon political and economic variables, the availability of arms, regional support and movement cohesion. The spring of 1993 was especially violent; presidential and legislative elections which were held throughout the country shaped the context in which the violence unfolded. Senegal, which was one of the first West African colonies to be seized by France in the late 19th century, has a population of 7 million, 2 million in the capital city of Dakar alone. More than 35 percent of the population is Wolof (the most numerous indigenous people, who are native to the northern coastal area); the Wolof language along with French is understood throughout the country, especially in Dakar. Despite the diversity that comes with the presence of eight distinct peoples within the state (which is presumed to represent a unitary society), there is apparently a generally high degree of cultural homogeneity, due to two major factors in addition to language. First, 80 percent of all Senegalese follow the Islamic faith, and mixed marriages are common, especially between Christians and Muslims. Second, and probably more important, the assimilationism introduced as colonial policy by the French was reiterated as state policy by Leopold Senghor after independence, and it continues as policy today under the regime of Abdou Diouf. Assimilation, however, was never completed as a process, and it may never be, given the tenacity with which indigenous peoples maintain their identities.

78. Gambia, The (09/05) Facts about the land, people, history, government, political conditions, economy, Mandinka, wolof, Fula, Jola, other indigenous languages. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5459.htm

Bureau of Public Affairs Electronic Information and Publications Office Background Notes Bureau of African Affairs September 2005 Background Note: The Gambia PROFILE OFFICIAL NAME: Republic of The Gambia Geography Area: 11,300 sq. km. (4,361 sq. mi.); about the size of Maryland. Cities: Capital Banjul (pop. 34,828 excluding suburbs (2003 census provisional). Terrain: Flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by low hills. Climate: Tropical; hot rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May). People Nationality: Noun and adjective Gambian(s). Population (2003 census): 1.36 million. Annual growth rate (2001 - 2003): 2.77%. Ethnic groups (1993 census): Mandinka 39.5%, Fula 18.8%, Wolof 14.6%, Jola 10.6%, Serahule 8.9%, Serere 7.8%, Krio/Aku Marabout 1.8%, Manjago 0.8%, Bambara 0.7%, other Gambians 1.2%, no declaration 0.3%. Non-Gambians 12.9% of the population. Religions: Muslim 95%, Christian 4%, animists 0.08%. Languages: English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, Jola, other indigenous languages. Education: Years compulsory none.

79. 2002 Film Festival Synopses And Screening Times indigenous peoples THEME (Monday 15th April 18H00) The film centres on adialogue between an Afrikaner woman and an African woman. http://www.ditshwanelo.org.bw/index/Other/Film/2002 Film Festival Synopsis.htm

DITSHWANELO - Botswana Centre for Human Rights "human rights, not human wrongs" CURRENT ISSUES Death Penalty in Botswana HIV/AIDS and Human Rights Indigenous Peoples/ The Basarwa (San) ... Gays, Lesbians, and Bisexuals of Botswana Film Festival DITSHWANELO Human Rights Film Festival Donations Archives Press Releases Publications 2002 Film Festival Synopses and Screening Times THE LITTLE GIRL WHO SOLD THE SUN (Saturday 13 th April 18H30) Director: Djibril Diop Mambety 1998 45 minutes, Senegal Wolof with English subtitles A twelve-year-old paraplegic, Sili Laam, begs for alms at the market with her blind grandmother. Although she is from one of the most reviled lower castes in her community, her strength lies in her refusal to accept the demeaning roles which society thrusts on her. In this, his last film, Mambety takes marvelous liberties with both imagery and metaphor. TREMBLING BEFORE G-D (Sunday 14th April 18H30) Director: Sandi Simcha Dubowski, 2000

80. A12n-forum : [A12n-forum] "Africa In Cyberspace" (UNESCO Freedom Of Expression F Subject A12nforum africa in Cyberspace (UNESCO Freedom of expression It guaranteed indigenous african linguistic groups - among them Zulu, http://lists.kabissa.org/lists/archives/public/a12n-forum/msg00310.html

Bulletin Board Webmail Postoffice Domain Control Panel Search: All of Kabissa Whole Internet Pambazuka News Home Contact Directory African Mailing Lists African Websites ... Set Up a New List a12n-forum : [A12n-forum] "Africa in Cyberspace" (UNESCO Freedom of expression follow-up) Date Prev Date Next Thread Prev Thread Next ... Thread Index Subject : [A12n-forum] "Africa in Cyberspace" (UNESCO Freedom of expression follow-up) From : "Donald Z. Osborn" < Date : Mon, 14 Mar 2005 08:18:41 -0600 http://www.chronicleworld.org http://www.chronicleworld.org/tomsite/archive6/01_AC_FD/03_AC_05.htm http://www.chronicleworld.org/tomsite/archive6/01_AC_FD/03_AC_05.htm http://www.chronicleworld.org ... Thread Index Last Updated: Sat Apr 02 17:45:19 2005 Back to top About us Free Membership Support us! Your feedback is important. Click here to send us a message. Privacy Notice

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