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         Western Sahara Culture:     more detail
  1. Les populations du Sahara occidental: Histoire, vie et culture by Attilio Gaudio, 1993
  2. SAHARA: An entry from Macmillan Reference USA's <i>Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World</i> by F. Ghislaine Lydon, 2004
  3. Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara: Volume 1: The Archaeology of Nabta Playa by Fred Wendorf, Romuald Schild, 2001-11-01
  4. Caravans of the old Sahara;: An introduction to the history of the western Sudan, by E. W Bovill, 1933

41. Western Sahara Travel, Western Sahara Holidays Hotels Maps El Aaium Laayoune Cab
western sahara is located in northwest Africa just south of Morocco with a culture, history and its people Enjoy your traveling experience - -) .
http://www.budgettravel.com/western-sahara.htm

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Western Sahara Travel
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El Aaiun - Laayoune - Cabo Bojador
Western Sahara is located in northwest Africa just south of Morocco with a coastline on the Atlantic Ocean - The main city is El Aaiun - There are many landmines in the country - If you go there be very very careful and check with the local authorities - The country is truly an out of the way place and not well traveled by tourists - That is the plus as you will see the real country, culture, history and its people - Enjoy your traveling experience - :-)
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42. Western Sahara - Definition Of Western Sahara In Encyclopedia
western sahara (EH in ISO 31661) is a region of northwestern Africa, in western sahara culture of western sahara (Music of western sahara)
http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Western_Sahara
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Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1 ) is a region of northwestern Africa , bordering Morocco on the north, Algeria on the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The largest city is Laayoune Whether it is part of Morocco or is the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) , is disputed. At present it is largely occupied, and entirely claimed, by Morocco, but this claim is far from universally recognized and in fact a majority of other nations do not recognize the Moroccan claim. In the peace plan a future Western Sahara Authority (WSA) is envisaged. Western Sahara is one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world, with some rankings listing it as the least dense.
In detail
In detail National motto : none Missing image
LocationWesternSahara.png
image:LocationWesternSahara.png
Official language
Arabic Capital Laayoune Largest city Laayoune President (in exile) Mohamed Abdelaziz Prime Minister (in exile) Abdelkader Taleb Oumar Area
- Total
- % water Ranked 83rd
Negligible Population
- Total Density Ranked 182nd (July 2003 est.)

43. Forced Migration Online: Western Sahara Photo Gallery
Refugees from western sahara The Camps, culture And Society. Smara camp Dakhla oasis Two elder men Little girl Pouring tea Boys with goat
http://www.forcedmigration.org/photos/westernsahara/camps.htm

44. FMO Research Guide:
‘western sahara under Polisario Control Summary Report of Field Mission to the ‘Les populations du sahara occidental. Histoire, vie et culture’.
http://www.forcedmigration.org/guides/fmo035/fmo035-6.htm
Other resources
Electronic news and publications
Africanewswire.com - http://www.africanewswire.com/ allAfrica.com - http://allafrica.com/westernsahara El Karama - http://www.arso.org/08-2.htm Nouvelles Sahraouies - http://NouvellesSahraouies.cjb.net/ ARSO news links - http://www.arso.org/01-3.htm [TOP]
Non-electronic bibliography
  • Crosslines Global Report Review of African Political Economy The New Internationalist 297, December 1997. L'Ouest saharien / The Western Sahara Contemporary North Africa: Issues of Development and Integration . London: Croom Helm, 1985 Passerelles L'Ouest saharien / The Western Sahara Geopolitics and International Boundaries United Nations Determination of the Western Saharan Self, Peacekeeping and Multinational Operations . Oslo: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs, 1994. Damis, John. Conflict in Northwest Africa: The Western Sahara Dispute . Stanford: Hoover Institution Press, 1983. Dryden, Douglas K. Address to the United Nations Fourth Committee by former US military representative to the Special Liaison Office of MINURSO, Western Sahara, 7 October 1996. Forced Migration Review The Middle East Journal International Security Fadel, Kamal. UN Peacekeeping in the Post Cold War World, MA dissertation in International Relations. Canterbury: The London Center of International Relations, 1997.

45. Humanities Education Centre Western Sahara Collection Home Page
western sahara, the former Spanish colony, is the last African colonized As a result of this mixture of tribes the saharawi people and culture was born.
http://www.papaink.org/gallery/home/artist/display/160.html

46. Student Travel Information & Discounts - Destinations: Mauritania
Libya and Cuba supporting an independent western sahara) became commonplace.Following a coup in 1978, all Mauritanian claims to western sahara were
http://www.istc.org/sisp/?fx=destination&loc_id=152387§ion=culture

47. ANN News: Society_and_Culture: Western Sahara: Agencies And Ambassadors Visit Re
western sahara was annexed by Morocco in 1976 after Spain withdrew from its formercolony. Start a Forum Topic in our Society and culture forum!
http://www.africahome.com/annews/categories/culture/EpZuZkVFEkXkgvOtQO.shtml
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48. Running Your First Sahara Marathon
Others go to experience the culture of the saharawi People who have been The race is held in the western sahara Refugee Camps near Tindouf, Algeria.
http://www.marathonguide.com/features/Contributed/SaharaMarathon_Wortley.cfm
Sep 27, 2005 MarathonGuide.com Exclusive News
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Running Your First Sahara Marathon Running Your First Sahara Marathon
By George Wortley, MD Five days ago I completed my first Sahara Marathon. While the event is fresh in my mind, I want to write down my thoughts and suggestions for those considering this event in the future. Let me start by saying that I am not a competitive runner. I am a recreational trail runner but have finished two JFK 50 Milers and several of David Horton's 50K trail runs. Twice a month I will do a 20 to 25 mile long slow run on the Appalachian Trail. Most trail runners have the physical capacity to finish the Sahara Marathon. Why run the Sahara Marathon? Everyone has his or her own reasons for doing this race. Some are purely focused on the race and the competition. Others come for the opportunity to experience the Great Sahara Desert. Others go to experience the culture of the Saharawi People who have been living in the Refugee Camps for the past 26 years after Morocco invaded and occupied Western Sahara. I went to experience the Sahara and its' people. Where and when is the race?

49. World History Blog: 07/10/2005 - 07/16/2005
History of western sahara. This is a history of one of the largest pieces Vucedol culture Vucedol culture flourished between 3000 and 2200 BC in what
http://world-history-blog.blogspot.com/2005_07_10_world-history-blog_archive.htm
@import url("http://www.blogger.com/css/blog_controls.css"); @import url("http://www.blogger.com/dyn-css/authorization.css?blogID=7306557"); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/main.css); @import url(http://www.blogger.com/css/navbar/1.css); Notify Blogger about objectionable content.
What does this mean?
BlogThis!
World History Blog
Blog that features different aspects of world history. I can't cover it all but sites dealing with any historical issue or topic are possible future posts. Also includes sites which discuss teaching history. Some descriptions for sites are taken from the Open Directory Project.
Saturday, July 16, 2005
History of Western Sahara
History of Western Sahara . This is a history of one of the largest pieces of disputed real estate in the world. Western Sahara is not a nation and never has been. It was formerly a Spanish colony. When Spain withdrew in 1975, Morocco promptly attempted to annex the area.
To this day, the sovereignty of the Western Sahara remains the subject of a dispute between Morocco and the Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro).
In 1991, a cease fire was agreed to with the understanding that their would be a referendum on the status of Western Sahara with a choice between annexation to Morocco or independence. The election was never held. In 2003, Morocco noted that it will no longer accept independence as one of the ballot options.

50. Regional: Africa: Western Sahara: Society And Culture - Open Site
Regional Africa western sahara Society and culture Open Site.
http://open-site.org/Regional/Africa/Western_Sahara/Society_and_Culture/
Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project home submit content become an editor the entire directory only in Western_Sahara/Society_and_Culture Top Regional Africa Western Sahara : Society and Culture This category needs an editor - apply here Open Site Code 0.5.3 robot company.
Visit our sister sites dmoz.org mozilla.org chefmoz.org musicmoz.org ...
edit

51. Regional: Africa: Western Sahara: Society And Culture: Demographics - Open Site
Regional Africa western sahara Society and culture Demographics Open Site.
http://open-site.org/Regional/Africa/Western_Sahara/Society_and_Culture/Demograp
Open Site The Open Encyclopedia Project home submit content become an editor the entire directory only in Society_and_Culture/Demographics Top Regional Africa Western Sahara ... Society and Culture : Demographics
Statistics Demographic Indicators: 2000 and 2025
Births per 1,000 population.................... 45 (NA)
Deaths per 1,000 population.................... 16 (NA)
Rate of natural increase (percent)............. 2.9 (NA)
Annual rate of growth (percent)................ 2.3 (NA)
Life expectancy at birth (years)............... 49.8 (NA)
Infant deaths per 1,000 live births............ 134 (NA)
Total fertility rate (per woman)............... 6.6 (NA)
Midyear Population Estimates and Average Annual Period Growth Rates:
1950 to 2050 (Rate in percent) Growth Year Population Year Population Period Rate Source: U.S. Census Bureau, International Data Base, September 2004 version. This category needs an editor - apply here Open Site Code 0.5.3

52. Beat Of Distant Hearts: Art Of Revolution In Western Sahara
Against all odds, they have sought to keep their culture alive while their fight to gain the independence of western sahara, the last colony in Africa.
http://www.arabfilm.com/item_print.html?itemID=180

53. Western Sahara News Sites
List of western sahara news sites and newspapers in English. on the saharawipeople, refugess, history, culture, and news. western sahara Update
http://www.world-newspapers.com/western-sahara.html
Western Sahara News Sites in English
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54. The Free Trade Game - NI 374 - Country Profile: Western Sahara
The Government of western sahara operates not from its own capital city, L’ayoun, culture saharawis are a traditionally nomadic people who had formed a
http://www.newint.org/issue374/profile.htm
New Internationalist 374 December 2004
Click here
to send this page to a friend... This was once the capital of Spanish Sahara. Spain took notional control of the territory in 1884 but did not manage to overcome the fierce resistance of its Saharawi inhabitants, nomadic by tradition, until 1936. Photo: JC Tordai / Panos In 1966, with decolonization in full swing, the UN General Assembly called for a referendum on self-determination. Spain reluctantly organized a census in preparation but in November 1975 King Hassan II of Morocco staged an invasion. Tens of thousands of Saharawis fled eastward into the desert from the invading troops, suffering napalm attacks from Moroccan planes. They eventually took refuge near the Algerian town of Tindouf. As General Franco lay on his deathbed, Spain signed a secret agreement handing the territory to Morocco and Mauritania.

55. Western Sahara, Morocco
culture. The indigenous people of western sahara are the Sahrawis, a nomadicpeople who speak the Hassaniya dialect of Arabic. In recent years, the West has
http://creekin.net/c5157-n125-western-sahara-morocco.html
Creekin.net World Travel Information Source Countries About Us Contact
Western Sahara Morocco Principal Locations
  • Agadir
    Al-Hoceima

    Bou Craa

    Cape Bojador
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    Western Sahara

  • Resources
    Western Sahara, Morocco
    Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1) is a territory of northwestern Africa, bordering Morocco on the north, Algeria on the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. The largest city is El Aaiºn (Laayoune), containing the majority of the population. Whether it is part of Morocco or is the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) , is disputed. At present it is largely occupied, and entirely claimed, by Morocco, but this claim is not recognized by any state, whereas the SADR is recognized by several dozen. Western Sahara is on the United Nations list of Non-Self-Governing Territories. In the peace plan a future Western Sahara Authority (WSA) is envisaged. Western Sahara is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, with some rankings listing it as the least dense. Al-JumhÅ«rÄ«yya al-`ArabÄ«yya as-SaharāwÄ«yya ad-DÄ«muqrātÄ«yya Repºblica rabe Saharaui Democr¡tica (In detail) (In detail) National motto: none Official language Arabic and Spanish Capital and largest city La¢youne (El Aaiºn) President (in exile) Mohamed Abdelaziz Prime Minister (in exile) Abdelkader Taleb Oumar Area Ranked 83rd 266,000 km²

    56. Sahara Overland - Book Reviews, History, Exploration
    Their complex allegiances, culture, customs and daily life is especially researched account (in English) that opens up the western sahara and its
    http://www.sahara-overland.com/books/bx-histo.htm

    News
    Forum S-Files Trans-Sahara Routes ... Fiction History/Culture/Science SPANISH SAHARA
    John Mercer, 1976 (o/p) We also get what must be the best English-language account of the tribes of that region closely related to today's Moors; the well known Arabised Reguibat, the Delim and other lesser clans who, when not raiding each other, preyed on shipwrecks, their victims and early explorers. Their complex allegiances, culture, customs and daily life is especially detailed, as in an account of the manoeuvres behind the French colonisation of the region. Resources was what they were after: the world's largest source of phosphate at Bou Craa, the iron ore at Zouerate and the rich offshore fisheries. It may be 30 years old, but its hard to think of a more thoroughly researched account (in English) that opens up the Western Sahara and its neighbouring regions - you'll find it used on the web from around a tenner. SAHARA, THE LIFE OF THE GREAT DESERT
    Mark de Villiers and Sheila Hirtle. Harper Collins 'From Libyan Sands to Chad' Grains of Sand - see below) isn't allowed to interfere with eulogies on their preternatural guiding abilities, etc; the same, tired old Tuareg schtick.The trouble with making stuff up or guessing is that, besides making a fool of the authors, the reader does not know what else is fictitious and so the book's value is lost. Europe is the source of the greatest works on the Sahara, either through direct historical connection or learning. The definitive work on the Great Desert will, or may already be, written in French or German. This book certainly is not it.

    57. History Of Western Sahara - MavicaNET
    Regional Africa western sahara Path to the top. culture Science western sahara, a former Spanish province bordering Morocco to the north,
    http://www.mavicanet.com/directory/eng/20855.html
    selCatSelAlt="Deselect category"; selCatDesAlt="Select category"; selSitSelAlt="Deselect site"; selSitDesAlt="Select site";
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    Belarusian Bulgarian Croatian Czech Danish Dutch English Estonian Finnish French German Greek Hungarian Icelandic Irish Italian Latvian Lithuanian Norwegian Polish Portuguese Romanian Russian Serbian (cyr.) Serbian (lat.) Slovak Spanish Swedish Turkish Ukrainian Regional Africa Western Sahara Culture ... History of Arabs and Arab Countries History of Western Sahara
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    58. Wide Angle. Sahara Marathon. Resources | PBS
    western sahara Online http//www.wsahara.net/index.html A comprehensive collectionof information about western sahara history, culture, news,
    http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/shows/sahara/resources.html
    Western Sahara Online
    http://www.wsahara.net/index.html
    A comprehensive collection of information about Western Sahara: history, culture, news, and the struggle of its people for independence.
    Interview with POLISARIO Leader
    http://www.washtimes.com/upi- breaking/20040422-085039-5266r.htm
    Mohamed Abdelaziz talks to United Press International (U.P.I) about his long struggle for the independence of his people.
    Congressman Joe Pitts' Western Sahara page
    http://www.house.gov/pitts/sahara.htm
    Take a photo tour and learn about U.S. Representative Joe Pitts' opinion on the status of Western Sahara.
    U.N. Peacekeeping
    http://www.un.org/Depts/dpko/dpko/index.asp Investigate current and past U.N. peackeeping operations including photos, statistics, and background information. U.N. High Commissioner for Refugees http://www.unhcr.ch/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/home Get the facts about the world's 17 million refugees, asylum seekers, and persons of concern. Sahara Marathon http://www.saharamarathon.org/ Find details on running this race across the Sahara to benefit the Sahrawi people. UltraRunning Magazine http://www.ultrarunning.com/

    59. Article About "Western Sahara" In The English Wikipedia On 24-Apr-2004
    The western sahara reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24Apr-2004 in western sahara; culture of western sahara (Music of western sahara)
    http://fixedreference.org/en/20040424/wikipedia/Western_Sahara
    The Western Sahara reference article from the English Wikipedia on 24-Apr-2004 (provided by Fixed Reference : snapshots of Wikipedia from wikipedia.org)
    Western Sahara
    Western Sahara (EH in ISO 3166-1 ) is a region of northwestern Africa , bordering to the Morocco on the north, to the Algeria on the norteast, to the Mauritania to the east and south, and to the Atlantic ocean on the west. The largest city is Laayoune
    In detail
    (In detail) National motto : none Official language Arabic Capital Laayoune Largest city Laayoune President Mohamed Abdelaziz Prime Minister Abdelkader Taleb Oumar Area
    - Total
    - % water Ranked 83th
    Neglible Population
    - Total
    Density
    Ranked 182th
    261,794 (July 2003 est.)
    Independence

    - Declared
    - Claimed From Spain February 27 By Morocco Currency Saharawi Pesata (EHP) Time zone UTC National anthem Internet TLD None (.eh is reserved) Calling Code + 212. (same code as Morocco)
    History
    Main article: History of Western Sahara Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in , and the rest of the territory in , following Mauritania 's withdrawal. A guerrilla war carried by the

    60. BBC NEWS | Africa | Sahara Women Relish Their Rights
    saharawi women in the western sahara can marry and divorce as often as It is this sort of freedom that saharawi women say sets their culture apart from
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3227997.stm
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    ... Newswatch LANGUAGES Last Updated: Thursday, 30 October, 2003, 16:36 GMT E-mail this to a friend Printable version Sahara women relish their rights
    By Pascale Harter
    BBC correspondent in Tifariti
    Fatma Maulud is a Saharawi from the Western Sahara.
    Like most Saharawis she is a Muslim. But unlike most Muslim women, Fatma has been divorced twice and is now on her third husband. Divorce is not normally acrimonious, says Fatma Fatma is not a pioneer in Saharawi society. Compared to many of her friends, her tally of two divorces and three husbands is paltry. Some Saharawi women divorce and re-marry eight times or more. In most Muslim cultures, a divorced woman becomes a social pariah. But in Saharawi culture she is both more respected than an unmarried virgin, and more alluring. With a shy smile at his wife, Fatma's third husband Mohamed explains the benefits of having an experienced wife. "Clearly, a woman who already has experience is better than a woman who you have to train in matters of relations with men," he said.

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