41. Welfare Reform In California Background on Federal welfare reform legislation Background on California swelfare reform legislation. 3. Planning for CalWORKs at the State and County http://www.rand.org/publications/MR/MR1051/

MR-1051-CDSS RAND A continuous PDF version of this document is available. Contents Preface Figures Tables Summary ... 1. Introduction Background Objectives and Approach Scope Organization of this Document 2. Historical Background and Context for Federal and California Welfare Reform Legislation Background on Federal Welfare Reform Legislation Background on California's Welfare Reform Legislation 3. Planning for CalWORKs at the State and County Levels Planning at the State Level Planning for CalWORKs in the Focus Counties CDSS Responses to the County Plans Planning Under CalWORKs 4. Implementing CalWORKs: County Status in Moving Through the Welfare-to-Work Process Participation Requirements The Components of the CalWORKs WTW Program Self-Sufficiency Nonparticipation Sanctions WTW Under CalWORKs 5. Implementing CalWORKs: Providing Support Services Guidelines for Support Services CalWORKs Funding for Support Services Status of Support Services Program Issues 6. Reorganization Status at the State and County Levels State-Level Organizational Change County-Level Organizational Change 7. Conclusions and Emerging Themes

42. 1997-98 State Welfare Reform Legislation And Relevant Committees 199798 State welfare reform legislation and Relevant Committees LEGISLATIONSenate and Assembly welfare reform-related bills introduced during the http://www.sen.ca.gov/ftp/SEN/COMMITTEE/STANDING/HEALTH/_home/WELFARE/legis.htm

1997-98 State Welfare Reform Legislation and Relevant Committees LEGISLATION COMMITTEES LEGISLATION Senate and Assembly welfare reform-related bills introduced during the 1997-98 legislative session are listed below. For more information about each bill, go the the legislative search engine , enter the bill number of the bill in which you are interested, and you will see the text of the bill, amendments, committee analyses, and how Members voted: SENATE BILLS SB 43 - Solis: Income taxes: credit: earned income (EITC) SB 83 (McPherson) Low income tax credits SB 118 (Haynes) AFDC truancy SB 130 (Thompson) Budget bill SB 152 (Johnston) UI alternate base period SB 158, (Rainey), Child Care/Welfare Reform SB 163 (Solis) TANF, relative caretakers SB 164 (Solis) SDI family care leave SB 166 (Solis) TANF, community college programs SB 167 (Solis), community colleges: child care SB 168 (Solis), community colleges SB 169 (Solis), TANF: work activities SB 173 (Watson), GAIN: training programs SB 202 (Solis) Comprehensive UI reform SB 233 - Solis: Unemployment compensation benefitsgood cause.

43. Julianne Malveaux On Business And Economics Though objections were spoken, the flawed welfare reform legislation was passed with welfare reform legislation comes up for reauthorization in 2002. http://www.juliannemalveaux.com/rec_hijacked.htm

Julianne Malveaux On Business and Economics HOW THE RECESSION HIJACKED WELFARE REFORM BY JULIANNE MALVEAUX When welfare reform was signed into law five years ago, those who had worked with the nation’s public assistance system were understandably nervous.  Though the economy was booming, most knew that it wouldn’t always grow as quickly as it was in the late 1990s.  The five-year lifetime eligibility for public assistance seemed fine, given a boom economy, but parsimonious if there were economic downturns.  Though objections were spoken, the flawed welfare reform legislation was passed with promises that it would be fixed.  Now those who warned that reform measure wouldn’t work during recession are in the uncomfortable position of finding themselves right and that former welfare recipients are placed in dire financial risk in this period of economic downturn.     According to Heather Boushey of the Washington, DC based Economic Policy Institute, the majority of former welfare recipients – about 60 percent of them – found jobs as they left the welfare rolls.  But they found jobs in industries that are now suffering the effects of recession.  Say Boushey, “Four of the top nine industries hiring former welfare recipients—personnel supply, child care, education, and hotels and lodging—grew faster than total employment between August 1996 and October 2001. But when unemployment rose dramatically in October 2001 to 5.4%—up from 3.9% just a year earlier— these once-thriving industries were hit the hardest.”  Some will blame this on the events of September 11, but though 911 exacerbated the layoff condition, especially in hotels and lodging, layoffs predated that date.

44. Policy Watch: The 1996 Welfare Reform These patterns suggest that the 1996 welfare reform legislation might be too Finally, the new welfare reform legislation provides researchers with new http://www.northwestern.edu/ipr/publications/nupr/nuprv02n1/blank2.html

Policy Watch: The 1996 Welfare Reform by Rebecca M. Blank Rebecca M. Blank is Professor of Economics, Northwestern University, in Evanston, Illinois, and Director of the Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research. Introduction In the summer of 1996, Congress passed and President Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, commonly known as welfare reform. Supporters of the legislation claim that it will substantially reduce the use of public assistance, increase employment and earnings, and in the long run, decrease out-of-wedlock birth rates and increase marriage rates. Opponents claim that it will further impoverish many already-poor families, leaving them without a safety net of public assistance. This article will discuss a key set of provisions in this legislation, namely, the changes it makes in cash assistance and employment programs for low-income families Welfare Reform in 1996 Although Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) has long been the primary cash assistance program available to poor single mothers and their children, the program has changed in the years since it was enacted as part of the Social Security Act of 1935. Over the past 25 years the cash value of AFDC benefits has fallen steadily in almost all states. The median state paid benefits of $792 in 1970 for a family of four (in 1994 dollars); by 1994, the median state paid only $435 (Blank, 1997). This is largely because AFDC benefits have been eroded by inflation, although a number of states have explicitly lowered their benefit payments in more recent years.

45. Urban Institute | Potential Effects Of Congressional Welfare Reform Legislation Such welfare reform legislation is designed to decrease dependency on governmentassistance and to shift more responsibility for social programs to states. http://www.uipress.org/Template.cfm?Section=Bookstore&Template=/Ecommerce/Produc

46. Peacework - Sept. 2001 - The Human Crisis Of Welfare Reform The 1996 welfare reform legislation threatens a crisis that will be evidenced inincreasing hunger, homelessness, and poverty and in fissures in the http://www.afsc.org/pwork/0109/010904.htm

September 2001 About Peacework Subscribe Now Current Contents September 2001 ... Back Issues Index National AFSC NERO Office American Friends Service Committee Peacework Magazine Patrica Watson, Editor Sara Burke, Assistant Editor Pat Farren, Founding Editor 2161 Massachusetts Ave. Cambridge, MA 02140 Telephone number: Fax number: Email address: pwork@igc.org Peacework has been published monthly since 1972, intended to serve as a source of dependable information to those who strive for peace and justice and are committed to furthering the nonviolent social change necessary to achieve them. Rooted in Quaker values and informed by AFSC experience and initiatives, Peacework offers a forum for organizers, fostering coalition-building and teaching the methods and strategies that work in the global and local community. Peacework seeks to serve as an incubator for social transformation, introducing a younger generation to a deeper analysis of problems and issues, reminding and re-inspiring long-term activists, encouraging the generations to listen to each other, and creating space for the voices of the disenfranchised. Views expressed are those of the authors, not necessarily of the AFSC.

47. The Claremont Institute: A Tale Of Two States When Congress passed welfare reform legislation that President Clinton finallysigned in 1996, it abolished the federal welfare entitlement to cash benefits http://www.claremont.org/writings/991217hinderaker_johnson.html

Writings is the home for general works by friends of the Claremont Institute that don't fall into any other site category, such as our projects or Precepts newsletter. Scott W. Johnson , a fellow of the Claremont Institute, is an attorney and senior vice president of TCF National Bank in Minneapolis. He co-authors the Power Line blog, named TIME Magazine's first-ever "Blog of the Year." John H. Hinderaker Power Line blog, named TIME Magazine's first-ever "Blog of the Year." Also by Scott W. Johnson and John H. Hinderaker The Ambassador Nobody Knows Posted on June 3, 2005 Broad Ownership Needs Broad Taxpaying Posted on February 2, 2005 Apocalypse Kerry Redux Posted on August 28, 2004 Looking for something? Enter any text below to search our content. Or, find an article by author topic or date directly. Enter your email address below to join Precepts, our free weekly policy watch newsletter. A Tale of Two States Wisconsin and Minnesota Show the Best and Worst of Welfare Reform By Scott W. Johnson and John H. Hinderaker Posted December 17, 1999

48. For Better And For Worse: Welfare Reform And The Well-Being Of Children And Fami Liberal and Conservative Influences on the welfare reform legislation of 1996.Ron Haskins. ? Welfare Reform, Management Systems, And Policy Theories Of http://www.jcpr.org/fbafwintro.html

For Better and For Worse: Welfare Reform and the Well-Being of Children and Families Greg J. Duncan and P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale , editors (JCPR affiliates) Russell Sage Foundation Publications. 2001. http://www.russellsage.org/publications/titles/forbetter.htm For Better and For Worse evaluates whether welfare reform has met one of its chief goals-improving the well-being of the nation's poor children. The book opens with a lively political history of the welfare reform legislation, which demonstrates how conservative politicians capitalize on public concern over such social problems as single parenthood to win support for the radical reforms. Part I reviews how individual states redesigned, implemented, and are managing their welfare systems. Part II focuses on national and multistate evaluations of the changes in welfare to examine how families and children are actually faring under the new system. Part III presents a variety of perspectives on policy options for the future. Table of Contents Greg Duncan and P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale

49. Human Services: Social Services As such, both federal and New York State welfare reform legislation includes theFamily Violence Option which provides an opportunity for victims of http://www.opdv.state.ny.us/health_humsvc/soc_services/

Search OPDV Advanced Search Introduction Social Services Laws Policy ... Links Introduction The public assistance system has changed dramatically in recent years in the wake of welfare reform. Both federal and state legislation has changed the way welfare is delivered in our nation. This system, which was once based on the concept of entitlement, is now a system where assistance is time-limited, temporary, and based on an expectation that those who are able, will work and move towards self-sufficiency. This system poses many difficulties and safety concerns for victims of domestic violence, whose efforts towards self-sufficiency are often obstructed by their abusers. Many women applying for public assistance are currently experiencing domestic violence and the vast majority of these women, at some time in their lives, have experienced battering by an intimate partner. One study conducted by the University of Massachusetts interviewed a representative sample of 734 women who receive public assistance. Almost sixty-five percent have been victims of domestic violence, and approximately one-fifth of these women had experienced domestic violence in the past year ( In Harm's Way? Domestic Violence, AFDC Receipt, and Welfare Reform in Massachusetts

50. ROCKEFELLER, TRIPARTISAN COALITION OF SENATORS, UNVEIL PRINCIPLES FOR WELFARE RE for reauthorizing the successful 1996 welfare reform legislation. Rockefeller continued, The key to continued success on welfare reform is http://rockefeller.senate.gov/news/2002/pr050202b.html

Use your browser's back button to return to Senator Rockefeller's Webpage. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE May 2, 2002 ROCKEFELLER, TRIPARTISAN COALITION OF SENATORS, UNVEIL PRINCIPLES FOR WELFARE REFORM LEGISLATION WASHINGTON, D.C. – Senator Jay Rockefeller (D-WV), joined by a tripartisan coalition of Senators, today unveiled a framework for reauthorizing the successful 1996 welfare reform legislation. At a Capitol Hill news conference, the coalition of Finance Committee members, including Rockefeller, and Senators John Breaux (D-LA), Orrin Hatch (R-UT), Blanche Lincoln (D-AR), Olympia Snowe (R-ME) and Jim Jeffords (I-VT), outlined an agreement that emphasizes the importance of work, the necessity of child care, and the flexibility the states need to move people off of welfare and into jobs. "Our package strikes a critical balance. It reinforces the importance of work in moving all Americans toward the path to self-sufficiency. And it recognizes that this goal is unattainable unless there is safe, affordable, quality child care services for all families. The bottom line is that this framework has the flexibility the states need to help them achieve this goal," Rockefeller said. The fundamental principles agreed to by the coalition include: Increasing work requirements from 20 to 24 hours per week, plus at least 6 hours of training and other support programs for a total of 30 hours;

51. Brookings Launches New Welfare Reform Beyond Initiative welfare reform legislation of 1996 are set to expire in September 2002. the effects of the 1996 welfare reform legislation on state policy choices http://www.brookings.edu/comm/news/0125welfare.htm

52. Welfare Reform And Poverty Congress must reauthorize the 1996 welfare reform legislation by October 1, 2002,and child poverty is expected to be a major issue. http://www.brookings.edu/es/research/projects/wrb/publications/pb/pb04.htm

53. SSA Publications Public law 104193, the federal welfare reform legislation signed by President The welfare reform legislation, which must be in effect by July 1, 1997, http://www.ssa.uchicago.edu/publications/advforum/v3n1/advocates3.1.1.html

The Advocate's Forum Autumn, 1996, Vol. 3, No.1 Welfare Reform: The Bill Unraveled By Suzanne Wrobel Armato, SSA AM '93, and Paula Corrigan Halpern, SSA AM '95 Public law 104-193, the federal welfare reform legislation signed by President Clinton August 22, 1996, has ended a promise this country made decades ago to provide assistance to those Americans who are most vulnerable. It takes the tattered and torn safety net of programs, such as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), that existed for this country's poorest children and families and replaces it with a block grant of a fixed amount of funds. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that families will receive the services they need to go to work. In reforming welfare, the law allows each state to experiment on the most vulnerable children and familes without national standards or the guarantee of adequate funds. Yet it has happened and we must be ready to respond not only to its consequences but work to rectify its many flaws. In order to do this, one needs to understand the impact of the welfare reform legislation. The welfare reform legislation, which must be in effect by July 1, 1997, eliminates entitlements to welfare, and replaces them with block grants of federal funds that will go to the states. Each state will receive the Temporary Asssistance for Needy Families (TANF) block grants, a fixed amount of federal dollars based upon state welfare spending in a past year. The amount of TANF money to a state will not increase annually or in response to a down turn in the economy. To be eligible for the TANF block grant, states must continue spending at least 75 percent of its current welfare funding level.

54. Census Bureau Launches 10-Year Study To Follow Effects Of Welfare Reform Legisla impact of the welfare reform legislation that took effect on August 22, 1996 . of welfare reform and data collected after the reform legislation went http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/cb97-73.html

-X- The Census Bureaupre-eminent collector and provider of timely, relevant, and quality data about the people and economy of the United States. In over 100 surveys annually and 20 censuses a decade, evolving from the first census in 1790, the Census Bureau provides official information about America's people, businesses, industries, and institutions. Source: U.S. Census Bureau Public Information Office Last Revised: April 11, 2001 at 10:20:49 AM Newsroom News Releases Tip Sheets Facts for Features ... Minority Links Census Bureau Links: Home Search Subjects A-Z FAQs ... Contact Us

55. DLC: Ending Welfare As We Know It: The President's Done His Job, Now Let's Do Ou President Clinton s decision to sign welfare reform legislation redeems the most Overall, this legislation makes effective, workbased welfare reform http://www.dlc.org/ndol_ci.cfm?kaid=114&subid=143&contentid=2031

56. Welfare Reform Analysis of welfare reform legislation s impact on health care access;; Effect ofwelfare and immigration reform on immigrants access to Medicaid and health http://www.gwhealthpolicy.org/welfare_reform.htm

The Center was at the forefront of analyzing the impact of welfare reform on the health system generally and the Medicaid program, specifically. CHSRP's research projects have grown out of its early and groundbreaking analysis of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. Specific research topics include: Analysis of welfare reform legislation's impact on health care access; Effect of welfare and immigration reform on immigrants access to Medicaid and health care services; Impact of welfare reform on Medi-Cal enrollment and policies to encourage enrollment; State compliance with Medicaid requirements in welfare reforms; and Stigma's impact on Medicaid enrollment. Related Publications Home Managed Care Contracting HIV/AIDS ... Privacy Policy

57. American Civil Liberties Union : Rights Of The Poor : Welfare Reform Liberties Union today warned Congress that welfare reform legislation set for Rights of the Poor Welfare Reform Legislative Documents, View All http://www.aclu.org/PoorRights/PoorRightslist.cfm?c=154

58. Immigrants And Medicaid After Welfare Reform Despite provisions in the welfare reform legislation designed to maintain Medicaidcoverage for most recipients, the proportion of poor women of http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/gr060206.html

@import "http://www.guttmacher.org/css/tgr2.css"; Volume 6, Number 2, May 2003 Special Analysis Immigrants and Medicaid After Welfare Reform By Rachel Benson Gold Eligibility Changes IMMIGRANTS' ELIGIBILITY FOR MEDICAID AND SCHIP UNDER WELFARE REFORM LEGISLATION Medicaid and Medicaid SCHIP Programs State-Designed SCHIP Programs Those who entered the United States before 1996 Coverage with federal and state funds at state option; covered in all states except Wyoming. Mandatory coverage with federal and state funds. Those who entered the United States after 1996 During the first five years Coverage with federal funds prohibited except in emergencies. Some states use state funds to cover pregnant women (18 states and DC); families, seniors or the disabled (13 states and DC) or children* (17 states and DC). Coverage with federal funds prohibited except in emergencies. Covered with state funds in 12 states.* Those who entered the United States after 1996 After the first five years Coverage with federal and state funds at state option; covered in 41 states and DC. Mandatory coverage with federal and state funds.

59. ISU Extension: CYFAR/Welfare Reform Information A Primer for Welfare Reform Significant changes in the state s role and results of the welfare reform legislation, signed into law on August 22, 1996. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/cyfar/welreforminfo/

Family Well-being and Welfare Reform in Iowa Iowa's CYFAR Resources Copin County USA Community Empowerment Resources Building Communities with Strong Families ROWEL Poverty Simulation Cinderella Minus the Prince Primer for Welfare Reform Poverty Resources CDF - Welfare Reform Early Findings Other State Extension Resources Family Well-being and Welfare Reform in Iowa A Study of Income Support, Health, and Social Policies for Low-Income People in Iowa http://www.extension.iastate.edu/pubs/reform.html Iowa State University (ISU) Extension conducted a multi-year project to monitor the effects of welfare reform on Iowa's families and communities following implementation of the federal legislation, Personal Responsibilities and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in January, 1997. CYFAR Resources Copin County USA Simulation "Welfare Reform: Local Policy Development: Copin County USA," developed by the North Central Region, is a hands-on opportunity to experience how local policy is made. This simulation helps people understand how they can effectively be involved in community decision-making Community Empowerment Resources Resources for communities in dealing with the new Community Empowerment legislation. Some of these are direct website links; others are information about ordering resources or training opportunities.

60. Welfare Reform -- CED -- Committee For Economic Development -- Independent, Non- Landmark national welfare reform legislation is up for Congressional renewal thisfall. CED s new welfare policy update offers proposals for strengthening http://www.ced.org/projects/welfare.shtml

CED 2000 L St., NW Suite 700 Washington, DC fax: 202-223-0776 Printer Friendly Version Welfare Reform CED in Brief Welfare Reform: Emphasize Skill Development, Not Work Requirements The signing of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996 fundamentally changed the welfare system in America. The emphasis has shifted from supporting low-income people who do not work to helping low-income people work to support themselves. Welfare Reform and Beyond: Making Work Work examines the record of welfare reform to date in the wider context of the low-skill labor market. It asks how former welfare recipients have fared in finding employment, reducing dependency, and raising incomes. Recommendations are made for completing and improving the program for moving individuals from welfare to work. Co-chairing the subcommittee are Rex D. Adams, Dean of the Fuqua School of Business at Duke University, and Matina S. Horner, Executive Vice President of TIAA-CREF. The project director is Marc Bendick, Jr. of Bendick and Egan Economic Consultants. The statement was released in February, 2000. Press Release Executive Summary Full Report Order Landmark national welfare reform legislation is up for Congressional renewal this fall. CED's new

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