21. CSD Individual Development Accounts - A Saving Feature In Welfare Reform is a small provision in the 1996 federal welfare reform legislation that IDAs in welfare reform can demonstrate that asset building is a sound http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/csd/Areas_Work/Asset_building/IDAs/Savings_feature.htm

The CSD site has been redesigned and this page is no longer current. Please go to http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/csd/asset/idas.htm for the current page. HOME SEARCH CONTACT US SITE MAP ... MIS IDA A Saving Feature in Welfare Reform By Michael Sherraden and Robert E. Friedman Largely unnoticed by the press and general public is a small provision in the 1996 federal welfare reform legislation that almost everyone can agree is constructive. Under provisions of the act, a state may use part of the block grant money "to carry out a program to fund individual development accounts" or IDAs. IDAs are savings accounts with matched deposits to enable poor families to save for important life goals such as education, home ownership and self-employment. This is a fundamental policy change. Up to now, the welfare poor have been prohibited from saving by "asset limits." The maximum saving in most states has been $1,000, a restriction that has been enormously counter-productive. (In contrast, public policy encourages asset accumulation for the middle class, particularly in home equity and retirement pensions, where federal tax benefits now total more than $200 billion per year.) With the introduction of IDAs, the poor will be able to save for their

22. Senate Committee Passes State-Friendly Welfare Reform Legislation Human Services Committee Information Alert Senate Committee Passes StateFriendlywelfare reform legislation. Click here for a printer friendly version of http://www.ncsl.org/statefed/humserv/senatemarkup.htm

Home Contact Us Press Room Site Overview ... Register Search: Advanced Search About NCSL Services Overview ... State-Federal Relations var doctitle=document.title document.write(doctitle) Add to My NCSL Human Services Committee Information Alert Senate Committee Passes State-Friendly Welfare Reform Legislation Click here for a printer friendly version of this information alert (Adobe Acrobat required) June 26, 2002 On June 26 th , by a vote of 13 to 8, the Senate Finance Committee passed the "Work, Opportunity, and Responsibility for Kids (WORK) Act of 2002," a welfare reform reauthorization bill that differs from and improves on the House-passed legislation, H.R. 4737. Many provisions sought by NCSL are in the Work bill. Three Republicans joined all Democrats but one in voting for passage. The bill proposed by the Chairman, Senator Baucus (D-Montana) resembles the "tripartisan" proposal put forward by Senators Breaux (D-Louisiana), Hatch (R-Utah), Lincoln (D-Arkansas), Jeffords (I-Vermont), Snowe (R-Maine) and Rockefeller (D-West Virginia), who all voted for final passage. A third Republican Senator, Senator Murkowski of Alaska, also voted for the measure. Senator Daschle (D-South Dakota), the Senator Majority Leader, differed from his fellow Democrats and voted against final passage. In a statement, Senator Daschle, citing state budget woes, indicated his concern that the bill contains insufficient child care funding. He stated "My vote on this mark does not diminish my commitment to getting this bill including strong child care provisions enacted this year." Both the House bill and a Senate version of the House bill (S 2648) were scheduled to be offered by Senator Nickles (R-Oklahoma) and Senator Lott (R-Mississippi), respectively, but were not offered during committee consideration. The Ranking Member, Senator Grassley (R- Iowa), voted against the bill while expressing his hope that issues of disagreement could be worked out before Senate floor action.

23. Welfare Reform: Progress, Pitfalls, And Potential The 1996 welfare reform legislation made remarkable headway in helping welfare The welfare reform legislation passed in 1996 engendered significant http://www.heritage.org/Research/Welfare/wm421.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Welfare Welfare Reform: Progress, Pitfalls, and Potential Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Return Home Welfare Reform: Progress, Pitfalls, and Potential by Robert E. Rector WebMemo #421 The 1996 welfare reform legislation made remarkable headway in helping welfare dependents to move toward self-sufficiency. It dramatically reduced the caseload of dependents, reduced child poverty, and increased employment among single mothers. Yet, as a result of lax enforcement and efforts to undermine the principles and goals of reform, the full potential of this legislation has not been realized. To ensure that reform is sustained and strengthened, action must be taken to promote three elements that have provided a gateway from poverty and dependency: marriage, work, and teen abstinence. Progress The welfare reform legislation passed in 1996 engendered significant progress in addressing critical problems that three decades of a flawed welfare system had either left unaffected or exacerbated. This legislation had three general goals: To reduce dependence and increase employment;

24. The Continuing Good News About Welfare Reform The reform legislation had three goals (1) to reduce welfare dependence and Six years ago, when the welfare reform legislation was signed into law, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Welfare/bg1620.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Welfare The Continuing Good News Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Return Home Six years ago, President Bill Clinton signed legislation overhauling part of the nation's welfare system. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193) replaced the failed social program known as Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) with a new program called Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). The reform legislation had three goals: (1) to reduce welfare dependence and increase employment; (2) to reduce child poverty; and (3) to reduce illegitimacy and strengthen marriage. At the time of its enactment, liberal groups passionately denounced the welfare reform legislation, predicting that it would result in substantial increases in poverty, hunger, and other social ills. Contrary to these alarming forecasts, welfare reform has been effective in meeting each of its goals. Overall poverty, child poverty, and black child poverty have all dropped substantially Although liberals predicted that welfare reform would push an additional 2.6 million persons into poverty, the U.S. Bureau of the Census reports there are 3.5 million fewer people living in poverty today than there were in 1995 (the last year before the reform).

25. Welfare Reform Legislation In The Last Days Of The Session The Center for Public Policy Priorities (CPPP) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit thinktank committed to using research and analysis to improve Texas public http://www.cppp.org/research.php?aid=278&cid=3&scid=12

26. Federal Welfare Reform Legislation Text of major federal welfare reform legislation as well as articles related tothe implementation of welfare reform. below to download the text of the http://www.tlsc.org/fwelfleg.html

Federal Welfare Reform Legislation Text of major federal welfare reform legislation as well as articles related to the implementation of welfare reform. below to download the text of the legislation or to go to related articles: H.R. 1871-Supplemental Emergency Appropriations Act Title VII-Food Stamp Program Articles H.R. 2015-Balanced Budget Act of 1997 Text Summary (Draft analysis prepared by the American Public Welfare Association) Articles H.R. 3734-Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) Text Technical Amendments to H.R. 3734 Analysis of PRWORA Articles Essential Documents Page Fact sheets from various federal agencies regarding changes to federal welfare programs. See also ACF's Welfare Reform Page Texas Department of Human Services Welfare Reform Initiatives Report by DHS, "Implementing 'Charitable Choice' Provisions of Welfare Reform" Summary of DHS/Unisys TIES Solution; full presentation on the "Texas Leads Project"

27. Rural Welfare Reform: Lessons Learned welfare reform legislation enacted in 1996 under the Personal Responsibility andWork Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) dramatically altered the http://www.ers.usda.gov/Amberwaves/june03/Features/RuralWelfareReforme.htm

United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Search GO! Current Issue All Issues In this issue ... Printer-friendly format Download PDF version Email this page Rural Welfare Reform: Lessons Learned Leslie A. Whitener Robert Gibbs Lorin Kusmin Recent evidence suggests, however, that successful welfare reform outcomes may depend in part on where welfare recipients live. What has been the experience, for example, of the almost 8 million people living in poverty in rural America compared to central cities and suburban communities? In rural areas, employment is more concentrated in low-wage industries (see "Low-Skill Workers Are a Declining Share of All Rural Workers” ); unemployment and underemployment are greater; education levels are lower; and work support services, such as formal paid child care and public transportation, are less available. In these less favorable circumstances, how well has welfare reform worked in moving rural low-income adults into the workforce and out of poverty? With congressional reauthorization of welfare legislation scheduled for 2003, ERS addresses two questions to inform the policy debate surrounding reauthorization: What have we learned from empirical studies about rural-urban differences in welfare reform effects on program participation, employment, and poverty? Do rural and urban low-income families have different needs that might be reflected in the design of policies meant to provide assistance?

28. Acton Institute Policy Forum Welfare Reform After Five Years Douglas J. Besharov and Peter Germanis passed the most extensive welfare reform legislation this country has ever seen. http://www.acton.org/ppolicy/forum/oct2001_no1.html

Site Map Contact Us Home Public Policy ... Subscribe to Acton Publications Spring 2003 No. 1 Welfare Reform After Five Years Douglas J. Besharov and Peter Germanis EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Five years ago, Congress passed the most extensive welfare reform legislation this country has ever seen. Now, as this legislation faces reauthorization in Congress, it is time to assess the effects of the welfare reform act and its future in American public policy. In many ways, the changes that have occurred since the passage of this legislation are impressive. By September 2000, for example, welfare rolls had fallen an amazing 57 percent from their historic high of five million families in March 1994. That translates into over eight million parents and children who are no longer forced to rely on welfare. Parties from both the liberal and conservative camps have also failed to take into account the more complex reality involved in the massive reduction of welfare rolls. A combination of circumstances, including a thriving and robust economy, massive increases in governmental spending on programs for the "working poor," heavier reliance on personal networks such as family and friends for support, and the welfare reform legislation all make up pieces of the complex reality of "welfare reform." In order to make an accurate assessment about the future of welfare reform, then, it is necessary to understand each of these factors. Without such a candid assessment, the ability of policymakers to provide further beneficial reforms will be hindered.

29. Commentary: Effective Childcare—The Welfare Reform Dividend Commentary Some critics of the 1996 welfare reform legislation contend thatfunding for childcare has remained flat or decreased since the law went into http://www.acton.org/ppolicy/comment/article.php?id=124

30. Center For Immigration Studies This paper examines the impact of the 1996 welfare reform legislation on welfareuse in immigrant households. Although the data indicate that the welfare http://www.cis.org/articles/2002/borjas.htm

The Impact of Welfare Reform on Immigrant Welfare Use By George J. Borjas Center Report March 2002 Abstract Executive Summary From a historical perspective, the limitations on immigrant welfare use included in the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (PRWORA) are but the latest in a long line of restrictions, dating back to Colonial days, designed to minimize the costs imposed by the potential immigration of public charges. The first federal restrictions were enacted in 1882, when Congress banned the entry of any persons unable to take care of himself or herself without becoming a public charge, and expanded in 1903 to allow the deportation of immigrants who became public charges within two years after arrival in the United States for causes existing prior to their landing. Despite the growth of the welfare state and the increasing use of welfare by immigrants, the public charge provisions of immigration law rarely were used in the past few decades. Congress instead chose PRWORA as the vehicle through which to reduce immigrant use of public assistance programs. In general terms, the legislation, as signed by President Clinton, contained two key provisions: Most non-citizens who arrived in the country before August 22, 1996 were to be kicked off of the SSI and food stamp rolls within a year. (This provision of the legislation, however, was never fully enforced).

31. WELFARE REFORM IMPACTS ON THE PUBLIC HOUSING PROGRAM: A PRELIMINARY FORECAST Federal welfare reform legislation allows for a fiveyear assistance period tomandated households. However, states have the option of discontinuing http://www.huduser.org/publications/pubasst/welfare/intro.html

My Cart HUD Home HUD USER Home Search Advanced Search What's New Publications Periodicals ... Contact HUD USER Welfare Reform Impacts on the Public Housing Program: a Preliminary Forecast Title I, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996, effectively ended the Aid To Families With Dependent Children program (AFDC) a long-standing entitlement to unconditional, long-term welfare assistance based only on the income eligibility of households with minor children. In its stead, households are now eligible for relatively short-term income assistance conditional on participation in work activities. In fact, even before TANF, some states obtained waivers to AFDC requirements and made the receipt of benefits conditional upon work participation; many of them have chosen to continue their waiver programs instead of shifting entirely to Federal rules under TANF. The effects of state and Federal welfare reform actions can have reverberating impacts on all programs that traditionally have taken welfare income into account. This includes all HUD multifamily programs that require beneficiaries to contribute a portion of their incomes for rent. In particular, it includes HUD's Public Housing program for which the near-term impacts of welfare reform could be significant for program beneficiaries, administering Public Housing Authorities (HAs), and the Federal government.

32. 1996-01-09 President Veto Of Welfare Reform Bill HR 4 The final welfare reform legislation should provide sufficient child care toenable recipients to leave welfare for work; reward States for placing people http://www.lectlaw.com/files/leg21.htm

From the 'Lectric Law Library's stacks 1996-01-09 President Veto Of Welfare Reform Bill HR 4 The Library Rotunda Our Central Hub, Directory and Index... plus Lots More The Reference Room The Lay People's Lounge The Business Peoples's Lounge The Legal Professional's Lounge Please see our GoldCard Program Info and/or Ralf's Tour about help with your Sorry, we're unable to assist non-members.

33. Issue Brief: Understanding Welfare Reform In Nevada The welfare reform legislation will eliminate these perverse incentives; itcreates a new funding system in which Nevada will be given a fixed dollar grant http://www.npri.org/issues/issues96/welfare_reform.htm

Examining Issues Facing Nevada November 5, 1996 Understanding Welfare Reform in Nevada By Robert Rector P rior to the election, Congress passed historic welfare reform legislation which President Clinton reluctantly signed into law. Regardless of his promises to correct the "flaws" of the bill, Nevada should have a basic understanding of how the legislation changes the current system. The legislation impacted four major areas of welfare: 1. Eliminating Perverse Financial Incentives for State Government. 2. Slowing the Growth of Welfare Spending. Contrary to reports in the press, the bill will not cut welfare spending. Instead it merely slows the rate of growth in spending. There are seven major programs affected by the legislation: Aid to Families with Dependent Children; Food Stamps; Social Services Block Grant; School lunch and other child nutritional programs; Foster Care; and the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC). Under prior law aggregate spending in these programs was scheduled to grow by nearly 50 percent over the next seven years (an annual growth rate of roughly 6 percent). The reform bill will slow the rate of growth to around 35 percent over seven years (an annual growth rate of 4.5 percent). Thus the reform will state permit future aggregate spending in these programs to expand at faster than the rate of inflation. 3. Work Requirements.

34. Welfare Reform Overview of the Federal welfare reform legislation. President Clinton signed intolaw welfare reform legislation on August 22, 1996 (PL 104193). http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/workforce/welfare/wffed.html

Overview of the Federal Welfare Reform Legislation TANF Block Grant Provisions Time limitations on benefits and services Individual heads of households are eligible for TANF benefits for no more than five years over the course of their lifetime. States are permitted to exempt up to 20% of the caseload from this limit. Individuals may not receive TANF-funded vocational education for more 12 months. Teen parents Every teen parent under 18 years of age who lacks a high school diploma or the equivalent must be satisfactorily attending programs leading to a secondary credential or the equivalent or to employment as a condition of receiving federal assistance. Abstinence Education: Starting in 1998, $50 million a year in mandatory funds will be added to the Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Block Grant to enable states to provide abstinence education with the option of targeting the funds to high risk groups (i.e., groups most likely to bear children out-of-wedlock). Education activities are explicitly defined. Work Requirements Work after two years: As part of their state plan, states must demonstrate that they will require families to work after two years on assistance. However, there are no penalties if a state does not meet this requirement.

35. Welfare Reform with a variety of positions and opinions on welfare reform legislation. to all state welfare reform initiatives, legislation, government reports; http://www.emsc.nysed.gov/workforce/welfare/wfnet.html

Welfare Reform Information on the Internet The following links to not-for-profit organizations, research groups, and government agencies provide users with a variety of positions and opinions on welfare reform legislation. The information on these sites is solely the responsibility of the groups that sponsor the web sites. Inclusion of these links on our web site does not imply support or endorsement by the New York State Education Department. Please communicate directly with the cited group to express your own views. Adminstration for Children and Families An agency of the US Department of Health and Human Services. The web site contains government policy and program information. The Business Council of New York State This orgnization represents the interests of small and large businesses in New York State. The web site contains a variety of news and information, including this link to the president's statements on welfare to work. Children's Defense Fund This Washington, D.C.-based advocacy organization has a summary of the federal legislation, information about implementation and monitoring, and selected features of state plans. Child Welfare An extensive site created by the UCLA School of Public Policy and Social Research. Contains many articles and policy papers, the online journal

36. Workforce ATM GOP Introduces Legislation to Reauthorize Welfare Reform Updates and ExtendsSuccessful 1996 View welfare reform legislation Download PDF Version http://www.workforceatm.org/articles/template.cfm?results_art_filename=hr240.htm

37. National Campaign For Jobs And Income Support Senator Barbara Boxer Joins Call For welfare reform legislation That Will AddressPoverty More than a dozen Senators announce their support for training and http://www.commondreams.org/news2002/0523-11.htm

Home Newswire About Us Donate ... NewsWire FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE MAY 23, 2002 1:54 PM CONTACT: National Campaign for Jobs and Income Support John Jackson, ACORN (213) 747-4211 Angelica Salas (213) 353-1335; (213) 840-7252 Bob Erlenbusch (213) 439-1070x112; (213) 924-2345 Senator Barbara Boxer Joins Call For Welfare Reform Legislation That Will Address Poverty More than a dozen Senators announce their support for training and education and more childcare funding for welfare programs WASHINGTON - May 23 - This morning in Washington, DC more than a dozen Senators announced their priorities for welfare reform legislation, which will be debated in the Senate this summer. Senators from the Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (H.E.L.P.) Committee and others, including California Senator Barbara Boxer, signed on to a letter to the Chair and Ranking Member of the Senate Finance Committee calling for legislation that lifts people out of poverty. The Senators who signed the letter include Edward Kennedy (D-MA), Paul Wellstone (D-MN), John Edwards (D-NC), Patty Murray (D-WA), Jack Reed (D-RI), Barbara Boxer (D-CA), Christopher Dodd (D-CT), Jeff Bingham (D-NM), John Corzine (D-NJ), Carl Levin (D-MI), Patrick Leahy (D-VT), Charles Schumer (D-NY), and Ron Wyden (D-OR). In a letter to their colleagues, H.E.L.P. Committee Senators expressed concern about the House welfare bill: "The House bill provides only modest increases for work supports, such as child care. The Congressional Budget Office estimates that childcare costs under the House bill will be $4.9 billion over five years. Yet, the House bill provides only $2.9 billion a year in childcare spending, a $1 billion increase over five years. Level-funding, strict work requirements, and inadequate work supports are particularly troublesome in a weak economy and job market."

38. Welfare Reform Resources youth and families in almost every community across the country will be affectedby the provisions of the 1996 welfare reform legislation. http://www.cyfernet.mes.umn.edu/welfare.html

Information you can use from the United States Department of Agriculture and the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges Millions of children, youth and families in almost every community across the country will be affected by the provisions of the 1996 Welfare Reform legislation. USDA, Land-Grant Universities, and the Cooperative Extension System have unique capabililities to reach into every community across the country, deliver research-based educational programs from over 100 affiliated Land-Grant Universities, and facilitate community collaborations. Child Care Collaboration and Capacity Building Family Development and Resource Management Nutrition Education ... Announcements Return to: Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service CYFERNet National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges If you have any comments, suggestions or would like to contribute to the NASULGC/USDA Welfare Reform Resources Web, please send an email message to cyf@umn.edu

39. NCD -Impact Of The Welfare Reform Legislation On Legal Immigrants With Disabilit Impact of the welfare reform legislation on Legal Immigrants with Disabilities The primary goal of welfare reform is to move people from welfare to work http://www.ncd.gov/newsroom/publications/1997/welfare.htm

Contact Information: National Council on Disability 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 850 Washington, DC 20004 202-272-2004 Voice 202-272-2074 TTY 202-272-2022 Fax Comments and Feedback: info@ncd.gov Search for: NATIONAL COUNCIL ON DISABILITY Impact of the Welfare Reform Legislation on Legal Immigrants with Disabilities June 23, 1997 It is the statutory mandate of the National Council on Disability to advise the Congress and the President when the laws and policies of the United States adversely affect the well-being and progress of individuals with disabilities. The National Council on Disability therefore must convey its serious concern, and that of the members of this community, at the economic, physical and emotional injury that the 1996 welfare reform legislation will inflict, in fact has already inflicted, on certain members of the community, legal immigrants with disabilities. The welfare law's toll on the community of persons with disabilities has already been enormous. Letters mailed earlier this year by the Social Security Administration ("SSA"), warning legal immigrants of the U.S. Government's plans to terminate their benefits this summer, created such dismay and panic in the community that disability advocates fear a rash of suicides as the deadline for termination of benefits approaches. The bipartisan budget accord reached last May purported to restore certain benefits to legal immigrants who arrived in the country before August 23, 1996. However, the budget accord did not go far enough in restoring benefits desperately needed by individuals with disabilities. Moreover, recent Congressional proposals to implement the budget accord have stripped certain of the benefits that were restored to individuals with disabilities by the budget accord, despite new official estimates that sufficient funding could be made available within the budgetary limits established by the accord to restore all such benefits to persons with disabilities and to restore benefits to aging legal immigrants as well.

40. Study Predicts Drastic Effects Of Welfare Reform: Legislation Will Impoverish Ha Recent federal welfare reform legislation and proposed state welfare reforms maycause more harm than good, having dramatic effects on families with http://www.columbia.edu/cu/record/archives/vol23/vol23_iss2/25.html

Where to Find It The School of Social Work Web is available on the and Index pages of ColumbiaWeb VOL. 23, NO. 2 September 12, 1997 Study Predicts Drastic Effects of Welfare Reform: Legislation Will Impoverish Half Million in N.Y. City Continuation of Home Relief Will Help Some Garfinkel. Record Photo by Amy Callahan. By Kim Brockway ecent federal welfare reform legislation and proposed state welfare reforms may cause more harm than good, having dramatic effects on families with children as well as on childless adults in New York, according to a study issued recently by the New York City Social Indicators Survey Center at Columbia's School of Social Work. The study was conducted by Jane Waldfogel, assistant professor; Irwin Garfinkel, Mitchel Ginsberg Professor of Contemporary Urban Problems, and researcher Patrick Villeneuve. Assuming that about 40 percent of those leaving welfare will be able to find work and that the state and city will cover child care costs for these families, the report says that five years from now, when federal reforms are in place, the legislation will: impoverish more than 500,000 residents of New York City: 100,000 will move into poverty and more than 400,000 who are already poor will move deeper into poverty;

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