81. The Effect Of Welfare Reform On The Insurance Status And Health Of Low-Income Fa In welfare reform and health Insurance Coverage of LowIncome Families, (NBER The authors suggest that welfare reform may affect health behaviors and http://www.nber.org/aginghealth/fall03/w10033.html

Jump to the Navigation Bar The Effect of Welfare Reform on the Insurance Status and Health of Low-Income Families The Effect of Welfare Reform on the Insurance Status and Health of Low-Income Families The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 enacted sweeping changes in the welfare program, including work requirements and lifetime limits on participation. As a result of PRWORA and earlier state reform efforts, as well as other factors such as a concurrent economic boom, the number of welfare recipients fell by 62 percent between 1993 and 2001, from 14.1 million to 5.4 million. One potential unintended consequence of welfare reform may have been to increase the number of low-income families without health insurance. Under the old system, families on welfare were automatically enrolled in Medicaid, a government health insurance program for poor women and children. After welfare reform, women transitioning from welfare to work may have taken jobs that did not offer private health insurance benefits. While many of these families remained eligible for Medicaid, at least on a transitional basis, they would now have to go through a separate, unfamiliar application process to enroll. In fact, there were striking changes in the health insurance status of low-educated single mothers during the 1990s, as illustrated in Figure 1 - many women moved off of public health insurance programs, some gaining private health insurance benefits and others becoming uninsured. In "

82. Welfare Reform Adversely Affected Healthcare Access, Study Finds welfare reform Adversely Affected healthcare Access, Study Finds. by BrendanCoyne (bio) environment and health section election 2004 section http://newstandardnews.net/content/index.cfm/items/2165

Welfare Reform Adversely Affected Healthcare Access, Study Finds by Brendan Coyne ( bio PAGE TOOLS send-to-friend print-friendly version add to my morning paper respond to editors / author ... decrease type size Sign up to receive NewStandard headlines and extras by e-mail weekday mornings! Your privacy is strictly respected. Jul 29 - A recently published report shows that the Clinton administration’s "welfare reform" left adults at, near or below the poverty line unable to afford regular medical visits and reporting poor or average health conditions at three times the rate of the general population. "The Impact of Welfare Reforms, Health, and Insurance Status on Welfare Recipients’ Health Care Status," lays out the results of an analysis study conducted by University of Alabama Anthropologist Tyrone Cheng and appears in the July issue of the Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved . The study was based on a survey of 1,259 adults between the ages of eighteen and 64. The data was obtained from the United States Census Bureau and the US Department of Health and Human Services. The author reports that within the first four years after the massive restructuring of programs for government assistance to needy people, about 50 percent of former recipients lost welfare and around one million adults lost access to Medicaid after leaving welfare rolls. Of those, fewer than 15 percent gained health coverage from their new employers, leaving a total of over 34 percent of former welfare recipients without any form of health insurance, the report notes.

83. Welfare Reform's Unfinished Business welfare reform s Unfinished Business. by Michael F. Cannon Inflating healthCareCosts Medicaid undermines private health insurance in more ways than http://www.cato.org/pub_display.php?pub_id=3782

84. Welfare Reform And Medicaid welfare reform and Medicaid. GUIDES. Continuing the Progress Enrolling and Retaining Beyond MediCal health Insurance Coverage among Former welfare http://cms.hhs.gov/medicaid/welfareref/default.asp

Search Frequenty Asked Questions Programs Medicare Medicaid SCHIP HIPAA ... CLIA Topics Advisory Committees Coverage Demonstrations Manuals ... State Waivers Resources Acronyms Contacts Events Forms ... Medicaid Index Medicaid Home Consumers Gov't Info State Programs Hot Topics Medicaid Commission Drug Rebate Reg FY03 FMAP Leg. Waivers ... Medicaid HIPAA Group Issues Disability/Aging Dual Eligibles Homelessness Also see: Medicaid FAQs SCHIP Medicare Welfare Reform and Medicaid GUIDES Continuing the Progress: Enrolling and Retaining Low-Income Families and Children in Health Care Coverage Note: Due to the large PDF file size, (1.5MB), dial-up connections may take several minutes to open Supporting Families in Transition: A Guide to Expanding Health Coverage in the Post-Welfare Reform World State Medicaid Director Letters      (including Frequently Asked Questions and Answers) State Reinstatement Projects Family Medical Project Reinstatement Plans of Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Washington Fact Sheets Final Rule with Comment Period, MB-105-FC, Redeterminations of Medicaid Eligibility Due to Welfare Reform. Studies of Welfare/Medicaid Delinkage Beyond Medi-Cal: Health Insurance Coverage among Former Welfare Recipients "Leavers" and Diversion Studies

85. Immigrants And Medicaid After Welfare Reform A year later, Congress enacted the State Children s health Insurance IMMIGRANTS ELIGIBILITY FOR MEDICAID AND SCHIP UNDER welfare reform LEGISLATION http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/gr060206.html

@import "http://www.guttmacher.org/css/tgr2.css"; Volume 6, Number 2, May 2003 Special Analysis Immigrants and Medicaid After Welfare Reform By Rachel Benson Gold Eligibility Changes IMMIGRANTS' ELIGIBILITY FOR MEDICAID AND SCHIP UNDER WELFARE REFORM LEGISLATION Medicaid and Medicaid SCHIP Programs State-Designed SCHIP Programs Those who entered the United States before 1996 Coverage with federal and state funds at state option; covered in all states except Wyoming. Mandatory coverage with federal and state funds. Those who entered the United States after 1996 During the first five years Coverage with federal funds prohibited except in emergencies. Some states use state funds to cover pregnant women (18 states and DC); families, seniors or the disabled (13 states and DC) or children* (17 states and DC). Coverage with federal funds prohibited except in emergencies. Covered with state funds in 12 states.* Those who entered the United States after 1996 After the first five years Coverage with federal and state funds at state option; covered in 41 states and DC. Mandatory coverage with federal and state funds.

86. The Heritage Foundation: Welfare Even with the historic reform of welfare in 1996, the welfare system is expensive The Data on Poverty and health Insurance You’re Not Reading by Kirk A. http://www.heritage.org/research/welfare/welfarebriefingroom.cfm

site map help contact us The Heritage Foundation ... Research The Heritage Foundation: Welfare Policy Archive: view by date Policy Archive: view by issue ... Events The 1996 welfare reform began necessary changes in the disastrous old welfare system, yet much more remains to be done. When Congress reauthorizes Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) this year, the debate will cover all facets of the issue: Welfare reform, marriage, poverty, abstinence, cost, hunger, housing, child care, and more. See Heritage's related research by subtopic. Welfare Watch Archive Welfare Watch is a regular e-mail update designed to inform the Senate's reauthorization of welfare reform Sub-Issues Abstinence Poverty and Inequality Child Care Marriage, Welfare and Poverty ... The Positive Effects of Marriage: A Book of Charts by Patrick Fagan, Robert E. Rector, Kirk A. Johnson, Ph.D., and America Peterson For children whose parents remain married, the benefits are real. Too many programs continue to undermine marriage among the poor and must be reevaluated. New Census Bureau Report Underscores the Need for More Pro-Growth Policies by Kirk A. Johnson, Ph.D., and Rea S. Hederman, Jr.

87. Labor Protection And Welfare Reform Labor Protections and welfare reform. Accessibility Information How does theOccupational Safety and health Act (OSHA) apply to welfare recipients http://www.dol.gov/asp/w2w/welfare.htm

U.S. Department of Labor Office of the Secretary www.dol.gov Search / A-Z Index Find It!: By Topic By Audience By Top 20 Requested Items By Form ... By Location May 3, 2005 DOL Home OASP Labor Protections and Welfare Reform Accessibility Information May 1997 (Rev. 2/99) The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 increased emphasis on the need to move welfare recipients from welfare to work. The new law gives state and tribal governments broad latitude to meet specified work requirements. However, requirements of other laws affecting workers and the workplace also must be met. In an effort to help you better understand the requirements of these other laws, the United States Department of Labor has prepared a guide entitled "How Workplace Laws Apply to Welfare Recipients" that is attached. In addition, the United States Department of Agriculture has developed additional guidance to clarify the use of food stamps as a means to meet the requirements of the minimum wage law that is also attached. If you have questions concerning the application of workplace laws to the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program, please direct inquiries to the

88. Welfare Limits Mean Increased Hardship For Rural Ohio Families Ohio Provides a Good Case Study of welfare reform s Effects Hunger andHomelessness Rise Sharply, but health Insurance Coverage Also Up http://www.prb.org/PrintTemplate.cfm?Section=PRB&template=/ContentManagement/Con

89. Welfare.html childcare, healthcare, domestic abuse and substance abuse counseling,transportation, welfare reform page of the Department of health and Human http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Swearer_Center/Literacy_Resources/welfare.html

Welfare reform policy, practice, information LR/RI's links and women and literacy pages contain links to resources and statistics related to welfare, welfare reform, legislation and related information; this page reflects concerns around federal and state policy, legislation and practice, and their effects on adult learning in RI and across other states. This page also contains links to information about developments in welfare policy and implementation nationally and internationally, and to related issues, such as childcare, domestic violence and employment. The page is divided into 5 sections: education implementation/implications families Rhode Island ... kids and disabilities, learning disabilities and welfare rights Learners, practitioners and others with experience of, opinions about and recommendations pertinent to welfare legislation and its impact on adult learning and community are invited to contribute to this page. Please send comments, reflections and suggestions to LR/RI by email , phone, fax or post. Contact information can be found at LR/RI's home page Every attempt has been made to choose HTML over PDF documents; however, if you require access to an alternate format, please contact

90. Online NewsHour Forum: Welfare Reform, October 22, 1996 The President signed the welfare reform bill reluctantly. How will childhealth care, nutrition and, most pointedly, child care be handled under the new http://www.pbs.org/newshour/forum/october96/welfare_reform_10-22.html

WELFARE REFORM October 22, 1996 Forum Read Senator Santorum's answers. NewsHour Coverage of Welfare Reform July 24, 1996: Senator Santorum discusses his views on welfare and the bill he co-sponsored. Fall, 1996: A NewsHour Backgrounder on welfare reform gives some insight into recent developments. October 1, 1996: Several States already have welfare plans in place, most notably Wisconsin (with its W-2 system), California and New York. A team of NewsHour correspondents analyze these systems for effectiveness and preparedness. Good-bye AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children). After months of wrangling, and three attempts, the 104th Congress finally sent a Welfare Reform package that survived the President's veto. The reason for the three rounds: Republican bills sent to President Clinton were frowned upon as "extremist" by the White House. A version acceptable to the President was finally signed in August, and went into effect October 1. A new era in federal entitlement assistance arrived, and Aid to Families with Dependent Children as we knew it was gone. The President signed the welfare reform bill reluctantly. But ready or not, the bill has sent states scrambling to develop infrastructures to handle $16.3 billion in new monies - in the form of "block grants" - that they will be receiving.

91. AMCHP | Welfare Reform Must Protect Family Health welfare reform Must Protect Family health. May 2003. As Congress considers welfarereform, AMCHP calls on our national leaders to protect the health of http://www.amchp.org/aboutamchp/publications/web/welfare-reform.php

Annual Conference AMCHP Newsletter Bulletin Boards Calendar ... Site Map Welfare Reform Must Protect Family Health May 2003 As Congress considers welfare reform, AMCHP calls on our national leaders to protect the health of women, children and families by helping them move out of poverty. Poverty is one of the leading causes of poor health. Over 20 percent of Americans in fair or poor health earn less than $15,000, compared to 3.7 percent who earn $50,000 or more. Poor women are less likely to receive prenatal care and more likely to give birth to babies born too small or too soon. To ensure that all Americans are healthy and strong, welfare policy should focus on reducing poverty. Increase Funding for Child Care The current funding level is not meeting the need. The cost of providing infant/toddler child care can be as high as $12,000 a year. In 2002, at least one-third of the states had waiting lists for child care assistance. According to a recent GAO report, 23 out of 35 states cut child care assistance in the last two years. Help Parents Care for Special Needs Children Provide Transitional Medical Assistance To protect the health of welfare recipients, gress should reauthorize Transitional Medical Assistance for five years. This provision allows former welfare recipients to remain eligible for Medicaid for one year after leaving welfare. Health insurance is a key indicator of self-sufficiency, however one-third of people who leave welfare become uninsured. A mother may place her children and herself at medical risk if she leaves welfare for a job that lacks health insurance. One-third of welfare families have a child with a chronic illness, forcing mothers to choose between working or receiving Medicaid. Congress should eliminate this problem by providing Transitional Medical Assistance.

92. Legal Momentum -- Issues -- Welfare & Poverty Only 33% or fewer welfare leavers had employersponsored health insurance. While welfare reform s immigrant restrictions target non-citizens, http://www.legalmomentum.org/issues/wel/welfareworking.shtml

Education Federalism Immigrant Women Nontraditional Jobs ... Women Rebuild Welfare Reform: After Five Years, Is It Working? Below summarizes what has happened to welfare recipients following the enactment of welfare reform in 1996: Drastic Caseload Reduction Between the enactment of the welfare law in 1996 and March 2001, welfare caseloads fell over 50%, from 12.2 million recipients in 4.4 million families to 5.5 million recipients in 2.1 million families. However, due to increased unemployment, caseloads may now be growing. Racial/ethnic minorities make up more than two-thirds of the caseload. High Unemployment, Low Earnings, and Poor Health Insurance Coverage A 1999 study found only 64% of parents who had left welfare were employed, with a median hourly wage of $7.15. Only 33% or fewer welfare leavers had employer-sponsored health insurance. About 20% of former recipients had simply "disappeared" - not working, not having a working spouse, and not receiving government benefits. High Poverty and Hardship In 1999, 41% of former TANF recipients lived in poverty. About 20% of those accessing soup kitchens and other social service facilities were unemployed former TANF recipients. Over 70% of former welfare families experienced at least one of the following economic hardships: daily concern about sufficient food, missed rent or mortgage payment, reliance on emergency room as main source of medical care, or inadequate childcare arrangement; and over 30% of these families faced missed meals, eviction, disconnected utilities, or the lack of needed medical care.

93. Welfare Reform, Work, And Child Care: The Role Of Informal Care In The Lives Of welfare reform, Work, and Child care. The Role of Informal care in the Lives If parents know that the welfare system views the child care search in the http://www.mdrc.org/publications/353/policybrief.html

Elementary School Reforms Secondary School Reforms District Reforms After-School Programs ... Publications October 2003 Welfare Reform, Work, and Child Care The Role of Informal Care in the Lives of Low-Income Women and Children Virginia W. Knox, Andrew S. London, Ellen K. Scott C omplex child care arrangements are a common feature of working life for parents in the United States. However, parents with low-wage jobs — and especially single parents with histories of welfare receipt — make these arrangements within unusually tight time and financial constraints while facing limited child care options. Analyzing rich data from in-depth ethnographic interviews conducted in Cleveland, Milwaukee, and Philadelphia, Next Generation researchers documented the challenges that low-income families face as they patch together a variety of arrangements to meet their child care needs. Unregulated or minimally regulated informal care typically plays a central role in these families’ patchworks of care, meeting some families’ needs very well but representing inadequate or unsafe arrangements of last resort for many others. Generally living in very poor urban neighborhoods, the families interviewed for these studies are a particularly disadvantaged subset of low-income families; but their stories raise important issues for policymakers concerned with protecting our most vulnerable children. The studies point to three policy directions that can promote the well-being of children while helping vulnerable low-income parents to sustain employment: continued investment in access to high-quality, flexible, and reliable child care; expanded initiatives to improve the quality of informal care; and the development of operational strategies in the welfare and child care subsidy systems to support the goal of promoting child well-being.

94. Health And Medicine Policy Research Group identifying the impact welfare reform has had on health and access to healthcare. Major Findings on welfare reform and health A Review of Recent http://www.hmprg.org/publications.html

Publications: The following policy papers can be obtained by calling HMPRG at 312-372-4292 or see a free copy in pdf format by clicking selected titles below. (PDF files require Adobe Acrobat Reader , a free download. " Bill of Rights" (May 2005) Health Rights Background Information (May 2005) Girl Talk Statistics (May 2005) "Long-Term Care in Illinois: The Next Generation" Proceedings of the September 2004 Conference (December 2004) In September 2004, the Health and Medicine Policy Research Group Center for Long-Term Care Reform and the Institute of Government and Public Affairs at the University of Illinois convened a conference focusing on long-term care (LTC) policy for Illinois . The conference provided a forum for participants and attendees from diverse backgrounds to engage in a dialogue about ways to build upon SB 2880, HB 5057 and other LTC initiatives. In an effort to move LTC reform in Illinois forward, consumers, providers, planners, and policymakers considered alternative approaches to the design and delivery of LTC services and their associated costs and benefits.

95. News Release 5/2002: Welfare Reforms Put Children At Risk For Health Care Insura welfare reforms put children at risk for health care insurance, welfare Reformand Its Effects on Children and Families TxTell feature http://www.utexas.edu/opa/news/02newsreleases/nr_200205/nr_welfare020515.html

Quick Links UT Home Current Students Faculty Prospective Students Staff About UT Academics Around Austin Athletics Community Outreach Computing Employment Graduate Studies International Programs Research Support UT Calendars UT Direct UT Directory UT Offices A-Z UT Search UT Site Map UTOPIA UT Directory UT Offices A-Z UT Site Map Calendars ... UT Home [an error occurred while processing this directive] For further info News homepage Welfare reforms put children at risk for health care insurance, study at University of Texas at Austin reports May 15, 2002 Dr. Laura Lein Children were less likely to be insured if they had an employed parent, if they had two parents in their home, if their family had been off welfare for a long time or if they were Mexican American, said Dr. Laura Lein, professor of social work and anthropology. The research project surveyed 800 households in San Antonio to see how changes in welfare policy affect the daily lives of welfare dependent and working-poor families and children. A team of graduate students working with Lein and Dr. Ronald Angel of sociology also followed a panel of 50 families in low-income areas over a year and a half. “Most people who leave welfare, whether employed or not, remain in poverty," said Lein. "And, the longer a low-income family has been off welfare, the less likely they are to be covered by health insurance of any kind. The fact is, many working and non-working low-income families remain uninsured.”

96. Economic Success Clearinghouse (formerly Welfare Information Network) welfare ~ Cash assistance for lowincome families with dependent children Work supports ~ Services, such as child care and food, housing, http://www.financeproject.org/irc/win.asp

Promising Practices Catalog Economic Success Clearinghouse/WIN Out-of-School Time Professional Development in Education Finding Federal Funding ECONOMIC SUCCESS CLEARINGHOUSE (formerly Welfare Information Network) Economic Success Clearinghouse connects you to resources about effective policies, programs and financing strategies that help low-income and working poor families. Economic Success Clearinghouse resources include: Welfare ~ Cash assistance for low-income families with dependent children Workforce development ~ Services to help individuals connect to the job market, develop work-related skills, sustain employment, and advance in the labor market Work supports ~ Services, such as child care and food, housing, and transportation assistance, to help low-income families secure and retain employment Income supplements ~ Benefits, such as child support and tax credits, that boost the earnings of low-income workers Asset development ~ Supports designed to help low-income families build personal and financial resources, and achieve economic security Sign up for our Newsletter Work Supports and Low-Wage Workers: The Promise of Employment Our new report, funded by The Ford Foundation, addresses the critical issue of how employers can contribute to helping low-wage workers achieve greater self-sufficiency.

97. Welfare Reform Adversely Affected Healthcare Access, Study Finds welfare reform Adversely Affected Healthcare Access, Study Finds. by BrendanCoyne (bio). Jul 29 A recently published report shows that the Clinton http://newstandardnews.net/content/?items=2165&printmode=true

98. Examining The Impact Of Welfare Reform On Medi-Cal - California HealthCare Found Visit the California HealthCare Foundation online for independent research,analysis and welfare reform was implemented in California in January 1998. http://www.chcf.org/topics/medi-cal/index.cfm?itemID=20406&subTopic=CL268&subsec

99. ERIU Research Highlight welfare reform Reduced Public Coverage, Increased Employer Coverage Among Q What are two of the biggest takeaways for healthcare policymakers from http://www.umich.edu/~eriu/highlight-borjas.html

Number 7, October 2004 The University of Michigan 555 South Forest Street Third Floor Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2531 T 734-936-9842 F 734-998-6341 http://www.umich.edu/eriu/ Welfare Reform Reduced Public Coverage, Increased Employer Coverage Among Immigrants THE PROBLEM Eight years after passage of the 1996 federal welfare reform law, researchers and policymakers still debate the effects of the legislation. Cuts in benefits for immigrants were part of the changes to the welfare system, raising concerns that already high rates of uninsurance among immigrants could soar. New research shows that, contrary to conventional wisdom, moving welfare recipients off the public assistance rolls did not necessarily leave immigrants without health insurance coverage. According to research conducted by Harvard University economist George Borjas and funded by the Economic Research Initiative on the Uninsured (ERIU) at the University of Michigan, while welfare reform reduced the level of Medicaid coverage for immigrants as a whole, many immigrants were able to obtain employer-sponsored coverage (ESI). The analysis shows that immigrants residing in states with less generous public assistance benefits were significantly more likely to have ESI than immigrants living in states that offered more generous aid. POLICY PERSPECTIVE As with other policies for the uninsured, policymakers need to consider these distributional effects instead of grouping all immigrants (or all uninsured) together.

100. Welfare Limits Mean Increased Hardship For Rural Ohio Families The study came out of the Rural welfare reform Project at Ohio The increasedhealth insurance coverage reflects aggressive efforts by social service http://www.prb.org/Template.cfm?Section=PRB&template=/ContentManagement/ContentD

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