61. Virginia Closed Case Study As the Commonwealth of Virginia implemented welfare reform one full year ahead This report describes findings from the telephone survey and analysis of http://www.nvgc.vt.edu/ippr/closedcase/executivesummary.html

The Virginia Closed Case Study: Experiences of Virginia Families One Year After Leaving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families November 12, 1999 Carole Kuhns, Ph.D., R.N., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Anne Gordon, Ph.D., Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. Roberto Agodini, Ph.D., Mathematica Policy Research, Inc. Renee Loeffler, Ph.D., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Prepared for Virginia Department of Social Services 730 E. Broad Street Richmond, VA 23219-1849 Prepared under interagency agreement number 98-240-PPD by the Center for Public Administration and Policy, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 7054 Haycock Road, Falls Church, Virginia, 22043-2311. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This report was prepared by the Institute for Public Policy Research at Virginia Tech’s Center for Public Administration and Policy under a contract from the Virginia Department of Social Services. The authors would like to thank the many individuals who contributed to this report. Carol Baron, Mike Theis, and Molly Sheahan of the Virginia Department of Social Services provided data extracts of the administrative data analyzed for this study and reviewed earlier drafts of the report. We appreciate their quick response to our questions and requests for information. Thank you to Barbara Guglielmo, Research Analyst at Virginia Tech’s Institute for Public Policy Research, who assisted with data analysis and manuscript preparation. Thanks to Chris Rigaux for editing and producing the final report.

62. Poverty; Welfare; Ethics welfare reform An analysis of the Issues, edited by Isabel V. Sawhill. An extensive collection of articles on welfare reform, including http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Applied/Poverty/poverty.html

[../../Headers/header.html] Literature on Poverty and Welfare Last updated: May 24, 2002 Author of When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor and The Declining Significance of Race , Malcolm Wiener Professor of Social Policy, Harvard University. October 22, 1996. Edward N. Wolff, " Time for a Wealth Tax? " The Boston Review, February/March 1996. Richard B. Freeman, " Solving the New Inequality, " The Boston Review, December/January 1996-97. Includes Discussion and Response by Freeman. John E. Roemer, " Equality and Responsibility ," The Boston Review, April/May 1995. Includes the following comments and response: " A Good Start ," by T.M. Scanlon " An Impractical Solution ," by Robert M. Solow " Another Unfunded Mandate ," by Samuel Scheffler " Estate Planning Done Right ," by Richard A. Epstein " Playing God, " by Elizabeth by Fox-Genovese " Correlation and Constraint ," by Eric S. Maskin "

63. GAO: Summary welfare reform Rural TANF Programs Have Developed Many Strategies to Address According to our analysis of 48 states, about 293000 families living in http://www.gao.gov/docdblite/details.php?rptno=GAO-04-921

64. Welfare Reform In European Countries: A Micro-Simulation Analysis Downloadable ! Author(s) Immervoll, Herwig Kleven, Henrik Kreiner, ClausThustrup Saez, Emmanuel. 2004 Abstract This Paper estimates the welfare and http://ideas.repec.org/p/cpr/ceprdp/4324.html

This file is part of IDEAS , which uses RePEc data Papers Articles Software Books ... Help! Welfare Reform in European Countries: A Micro-Simulation Analysis Author info Abstract Publisher info Download info ... Statistics Author Info Immervoll, Herwig Kleven, Henrik Kreiner, Claus Thustrup Saez, Emmanuel Additional information is available for the following registered author(s): Emmanuel Saez Herwig Immervoll Abstract Download Info To download: If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help file . Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large. File URL: http://www.cepr.org/pubs/dps/DP4324.asp File Format: application/pdf File Function: Download Restriction: no Publisher Info Paper provided by C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers in its series CEPR Discussion Papers with number 4324. Download reference. The following formats are available: HTML plain text BibTeX RIS ... ReDIF Length: Date of creation: Mar 2004 Date of revision: Handle: RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4324 Keywords: labour supply; redistribution; welfare reform

65. Pensions And Welfare Reform - 13 Oct 2004 - Division No. 258 - The Public Whip Subject was Pensions and welfare reform Votes were 200 aye, 314 no, and ofthe contrast between the Commission s detailed analysis and the Prime http://www.publicwhip.org.uk/division.php?date=2004-10-13&number=258

66. For Welfare Reform To Work, Jobs Must Be Available, By Heather Boushey And David Source CEPR analysis of CPS Annual Demographic File, 19962001. Over the late1990s, when welfare reform was first passed, these nine industries performed http://www.cepr.net/publications/welfare_reform_2004_04.htm

For Welfare Reform to Work, Jobs Must be Available By Heather Boushey and David Rosnick April 1, 2004 As Congress debates significant changes to the Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act , commonly known as welfare reform, they should take into account the hardships that higher unemployment has caused for low-income women and their families. Wanting to be off welfare is not enough; the labor market must provide employment opportunities. Although the recession was relatively brief, from March to November 2001, the labor market continued to shed jobs until late summer 2003. Since then, job growth has been paltry at best and the unemployment rate of less educated women and single female heads of households remains high. Former welfare recipients found jobs in a small number of industries, many of which saw higher job gains and stronger wage growth than the economy overall in the late 1990s. However, during the economic recession of 2001 and the recent recovery, these same industries have not performed as well. Over the recovery, of the eight private-sector industries with a high proportion of former welfare recipients, three have seen greater job losses than the private sector overall. Wage growth has been slower than the average for the private sector overall for workers in retail trade, food services and drinking places, temporary help, nursing and residential care, and child day care services. With jobs scare and wage growth slow to negative in the industries that former welfare recipients found employment in, increasing work hour requirements above the existing 30 hours would not create jobs, but make life harder for those already struggling to find a job. Mandating more work hours from the people hardest hit from the recession would not help to increase employment; rather, what welfare reform needs is robust job growth.

67. FT.com / Comment & Analysis / Columnists - Martin Wolf: EU Needs Labour And Welf Martin Wolf EU needs labour and welfare reform By Martin Wolf Published April5 2005 2026 Last updated April 5 Comment analysis sub navigation http://news.ft.com/cms/s/d3160ae2-a602-11d9-b67b-00000e2511c8.html

// Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! // Do not remove!!! Skip to main content, accesskey 's' Homepage, accesskey '1' All times are London time. Sign up now Take a tour Username Password Remember me Columnists Main page content: Martin Wolf: EU needs labour and welfare reform By Martin Wolf European enlargement promises to end the division of the continent, which goes back at least to the second world war. But, as I argued last week, it also creates huge challenges for the continent's richer west. If the west is to cope, it must make big reforms to its labour markets and welfare states. Integration of two economies generates price and wage convergence. If that convergence is prevented, the gains are thwarted and unemployment results. If wages are pushed too high in the poorer region, as happened during German unification, unemployment will emerge there. If wages are kept too high in the richer region, the unemployment will emerge there, instead, as production shifts to the low-wage region next door. The rest of this article is for FT.com subscribers only

68. Literacy Information And Communication System (LINCS) Policy And Legislation - W policy analysis and technical assistance on welfare reform. Which membersof Congress have jurisdiction over welfare reform and welfareto-work http://www.nifl.gov/lincs/collections/policy/welfare.html

Search Literacy Information Reading Welfare Workforce Browse by Subject Online Discussion Policy Updates ... Policy News Flashes Welfare Reform/Welfare-to-Work In 1996, President Clinton signed into law the The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-193) , a welfare reform plan that requires work in exchange for time-limited assistance. A new system of block grants to states for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) was created, changing the nature and provision of welfare benefits in America. Moving people from welfare into work is now one of the primary goals of federal welfare policy. The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 , signed by President Clinton in 1997 helps to achieve that goal by authorizing the U. S. Department of Labor to provide $2 billion annually in Welfare-to-Work grants to states and local communities to create additional job opportunities for the hardest-to-employ recipients of TANF. Low basic skills are among the most common barriers to employment for TANF clients. Research has shown that recipients with work barriers are less likely to find jobs, have lower earnings on average, and are more likely to lose assistance because of a sanction for program noncompliance than families without barriers. The law that created TANF expires on September 30, 2002. Congress is currently considering legislation to reauthorize the program, which will set the nation's welfare policies for the next five years. Congress is also considering some modifications to the rules and funding of the TANF program, including the rules that apply to adult education and training opportunities.

69. Web Resources: Welfare & Economic Rights Issues covered welfare reauthorization, welfare reform, child care and early Legislative and economic analysis of welfare policies, see welfare http://www.datacenter.org/research/women.htm

policy advocacy u.s. government california symbol represents a site we find particularly useful. Policy Analyst Sources Applied Research Center http://www.arc.org Studies on racial discrimination and privatization of social services under welfare reform ( http://www.arc.org/rapp/pubs.html ). Alternative policies to ensure racial equity and fair treatment for welfare recipients ( http://www.arc.org/rapp/policies.html ). Searchable. ARC is a public policy, educational and research institute whose work emphasizes issues of race and social change. Center for Law and Social Policy http://www.clasp.org Multi-state caseload data, legislative analysis, policy analysis. Issues covered: welfare reauthorization, welfare reform, child care and early education, child support and low-income fathers, workforce development and job creation, reproductive health and teen issues, child welfare, couples and marriage policy, low-income civil legal assistance. Searchable. CLASP, a national non-profit organization, conducts research, policy analysis, technical assistance, and advocacy on issues related to economic security for low-income families with children.

70. The Effect Of Welfare Reform On The Insurance Status And Health Of Low-Income Fa In welfare reform and Health Insurance Coverage of LowIncome Families, (NBER In their analysis, the authors make use of the fact that the welfare http://www.nber.org/aginghealth/fall03/w10033.html

Jump to the Navigation Bar The Effect of Welfare Reform on the Insurance Status and Health of Low-Income Families The Effect of Welfare Reform on the Insurance Status and Health of Low-Income Families The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 enacted sweeping changes in the welfare program, including work requirements and lifetime limits on participation. As a result of PRWORA and earlier state reform efforts, as well as other factors such as a concurrent economic boom, the number of welfare recipients fell by 62 percent between 1993 and 2001, from 14.1 million to 5.4 million. One potential unintended consequence of welfare reform may have been to increase the number of low-income families without health insurance. Under the old system, families on welfare were automatically enrolled in Medicaid, a government health insurance program for poor women and children. After welfare reform, women transitioning from welfare to work may have taken jobs that did not offer private health insurance benefits. While many of these families remained eligible for Medicaid, at least on a transitional basis, they would now have to go through a separate, unfamiliar application process to enroll. In fact, there were striking changes in the health insurance status of low-educated single mothers during the 1990s, as illustrated in Figure 1 - many women moved off of public health insurance programs, some gaining private health insurance benefits and others becoming uninsured. In "

71. PRI Funded Data Collection And Analysis Projects PRI Funded Data Collection and analysis Projects. This page highlights some ofPRI s current and past data welfare reform and Migration of Poor Families http://www.pop.psu.edu/data-archive/primary.htm

72. NDSU Analysis Highlights Challenges In Welfare Reform NDSU analysis Highlights Challenges of welfare reform. Many North Dakota residentscurrently on public assistance are unlikely to be able to find jobs that http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extnews/newsrelease/1998/050798/02ndsuan.htm

NEWS for North Dakotans Agriculture Communication, North Dakota State University 7 Morrill Hall, Fargo, ND 58105-5665 May 7, 1998 NDSU Analysis Highlights Challenges of Welfare Reform Many North Dakota residents currently on public assistance are unlikely to be able to find jobs that pay a living wage, an NDSU analysis and current labor statistics show. "In North Dakota, the estimated cost of living for an employed single mother with two children ages 4 and 6 is $511 a week. That equates to $2,213 a month or $26,556 a year," says Debra Pankow, extension family economics specialist at NDSU. "To meet her monthly cost of living, this not-so-hypothetical single mother would need to earn a take-home wage of $12.77 an hour." How does this scenario compare to reality? Job Service North Dakota reports that in 1995 the median full-time income for men ages 25 to 34 was $12.25. The median income for women in the same age group was slightly more than $10. Pankow says the $26,566 "living wage" used in this examples includes costs for housing and utilities, food, child care, transportation, and basic household and personal-care items. But it does not include costs for entertainment, birthday gifts or other gifts, toys, tobacco products, or alcohol. The majority of low-income North Dakotans enrolled in the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program are single-parent families—typically single mothers, who eventually will need jobs that pay a living wage, due to the 60-month limit on welfare assistance.

73. Book Review - Flat Broke With Children: Women In The Age Of Welfare Reform, By S welfare reform in the United States has been hailed as a great success, analysis of cultural and political assumptions behind American welfare laws http://atheism.about.com/od/bookreviews/fr/FlatBroke.htm

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74. Mickey S Welfare - Welfare Reform - Poverty Resources welfare reform An analysis of the Issues nonpartisan articles by fellows ofthe Urban Institute. welfare reform Bill Senate Speeches, Articles Opposing http://mickeys-place-in-the-sun.com/welfare.html

Poverty, welfare and welfare reform - children and youth - clearinghouses - government agencies - immigration and naturalization - organizations - policy and research - poverty - programs and strategies - publications, studies, articles - seniors and elderly - statistics - welfare to work - welfare reform in the news resources and information helpful to citizens, students, policymakers, media, law enforcement, community leaders, businesses, educators, religious leaders, advocates, service providers. Page Table of Contents Welfare and Welfare Reform Please allow page to load fully before using this page menu. Children and Youth Clearinghouses General and Miscellaneous Government ... Welfare to Work Mickey's Place in the Sun Web Site Quick Menu Home Page Abuse - Domestic, Child Children and Youth Community Development Crime and Prevention Drugs and Prevention Educational Resources Florida Resources Foundations/Trusts Fundraising Resources Gangs and Prevention Government Health Resources Housing and Homelessness Law Enforcement Legal Assistance Nonprofit Resources Senior Resources Social Work/Svcs Resources Statistics and Research Useful Miscellaneous Violence and Prevention Welfare and Welfare Reform Cross Stitch Resources Cross Stitch Shopping

75. FRBSF: Economic Letter - Labor Market Effects Of Welfare Reform 8/29/97) The analysis assesses the extent to which welfare reform has induced targetedpopulations to enter the labor force and whether or not reformrelated labor http://www.frbsf.org/econrsrch/wklyltr/el97-24.html

The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Research Publications Economists Research Centers Conferences ... Economic Data FRBSF Economic Letter 97-24; August 29, 1997 Labor Market Effects of Welfare Reform The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act of 1996 Effects of welfare reform on labor force entry of targeted populations Welfare reform and the U.S. labor force participation rate Conclusion On August 22, 1996, President Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act into law and ended the sixty-two year old federal entitlement system for the needy commonly referred to as welfare. Since then, welfare caseloads in the U.S. have fallen by 12 percent (see Figure 1 ). Over the same period, approximately 2.3 million individuals have joined the labor force, boosting the labor force participation rate (the percentage of working age men and women employed or seeking work) by 0.4 percentage point to 67.1 percent in July 1997. The coincidence of these two events with the passage of welfare reform naturally raises the question: "Are they related?" This Economic Letter examines these topics. The analysis assesses the extent to which welfare reform has induced targeted populations to enter the labor force and whether or not reform-related labor market entry has affected the U.S. aggregate labor force participation rate. The results suggest that welfare reform appears to have induced a portion of the targeted population to enter the labor market rather than move onto the welfare rolls, but that relative to the number of individuals entering the U.S. labor market during the past year, potential welfare recipients make up only a small fraction.

76. The Forum | Kentucky Welfare Reform Evaluation: Administrative Data Analysis Kentucky welfare reform Evaluation Administrative Data analysis Status,Completed with continuing analysis. Duration, Jul 2000 Jun 2002 http://www.researchforum.org/project_general_321.html

Overview of Programs Program Components Children Special Populations ... Research Database Kentucky Welfare Reform Evaluation: Administrative Data Analysis General Information View a brief abstract of this project. View a complete, printer-friendly profile of this project. Evaluator(s) Raymond A. Kent School of Social Work, University of Louisville Investigator(s) Gerard M. Barber ( University of Louisville, Kentucky Domain Income Security/TANF Status Completed with continuing analysis Duration Jul 2000 - Jun 2002 Type Research and/or Program Evaluation Program/Policy Description This project explores the performance of the Kentucky Transitional Assistance Program (K-TAP), the commonwealth's TANF program. The study reviews changes in client participation in K-TAP, use of other government and private supports, ways clients have met their work obligations through the Kentucky Works Program, and numbers and types of clients who are approaching the maximum of the five-year time limit. Notes No notes reported.

77. Welfare Reform welfare reform provides an indepth analysis of the development and structure ofmodern welfare programmes and how they function. The dynamics of welfare http://www.issa.int/pdf/publ/summary/2welfare.htm

Close Welfare reform A comparative assessment of the French and U.S. experiences Since the late 1980s welfare policies in France and the United States have increasingly been shaped by a strong emphasis on citizens' obligations to work and be independent, and a weakening of entitlements to income maintenance. Throughout the advanced industrialized nations, welfare reforms incorporate work-oriented measures such as financial incentives, insertion contracts, training, and requirements to search for and accept jobs. The evidence in this volume suggests that while the details may vary, welfare reforms in France and the United States have more in common than is often acknowledged. Welfare reform provides an in-depth analysis of the development and structure of modern welfare programmes and how they function. The dynamics of welfare reform are illuminated by focusing on two programmes: the Revenu Minimum d'Insertion in France and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families in the United States. Taking various analytic approaches, contributors examine the relations between poverty and work, how U.S. and French models of income support have been transformed in recent times, the relative impacts of economic growth and policy reforms on rates of welfare participation, and what happens to recipients who leave the welfare rolls. Welfare reform will help researchers and policymakers gain perspective on where they are headed and how best to get there as they journey down the highway of welfare reform.

78. TANF Reauthorization Home Page -- An NCC Issues And Actions Guide Studies on welfare reform from the National Center on Childen in Poverty. TANF Reauthorization An analysis (April 2002) Testimony on welfare reform http://www.ncccusa.org/publicwitness/tanf.html

Home About the NCC Education Justice ... Make a Gift Reauthorization of TANF and Related Programs: An NCC Issues and Actions Guide for Advocates Get Involved! March 11, 2005, Action Alert: Contact Senators on PRIDE bill, Representatives on H.R. 240 Sign-Up for the TANF Electronic Advocacy Network! E-Mail Mary Cooper with your name, address, organization, phone, fax and e-mail address. Please use subject line: "Registration for TANF Network." Earlier Action Alerts In 2005 ... February 8, 2005, Action Alert: House Hearings Scheduled on TANF Reauthorization February 1, 2005, Update: Two TANF-Related Bills Introduced in U.S. Senate January 11, 2005, Update: New TANF Legislation Threatens 'Safety Net' In 2004 ... October 1, 2004: Congress Gives TANF a "Clean" Extension Through March 2005 Many thanks to all of you who contacted your Senators. On September 30, 2004, both the House and the Senate passed clean extensions of the current TANF program through March 2005. This means that we now have some time to build support for a five-year reauthorization of the program in the new Congress, including the changes advocated by the faith community. The measure passed by the House last year (HR 4) will die with the adjournment of the current Congress, as will the measure reported by the Senate Finance Committee. September 29, 2004, Action Alert: Call Your Senators Immediately!

79. Further Evidence Of The Impact Of Welfare Reform--2.7 Million US Children Living The report “Extreme Child Poverty” is based on an analysis of government censusdata in Three years of US welfare reform hunger grows, poverty deepens http://www.wsws.org/articles/1999/sep1999/pov-s10.shtml

Enter email address to receive news about the WSWS Add Remove SEARCH WSWS English German ON THE WSWS Donate to the WSWS! Contact the WSWS ... Books Online OTHER LANGUAGES German French Italian Russian ... Indonesian LEAFLETS Download in PDF format WSWS North America By Paul Scherrer 10 September 1999 Use this version to print In 1997 the extreme poverty level was $6,401 a year, or the equivalent of $123 a week for a family of three. Deborah Weinstein, director of CDF's Family Income division, emphasized the negative impact of poverty on children, saying "When children fall into extreme poverty, they suffer significant increases in stunted growth, lower academic test scores, and lower earnings years later." The CDF used an expanded definition of income that accounts for such non-cash sources of income as food stamps, school lunches, housing, the Earned Income Tax Credit and taxes in determining the poverty level. This method differs from the official measure that counts cash income only. Using the official standard, 4.4 million children live in extremely poor single mother families, more than twice the number reported by the CDF. However, the CDF used the expanded definition, a method used by many researchers both inside and outside the government, because it allows for a more careful analysis of the effects of the changes in government assistance programs on the extreme poverty rate. The CDF points out that since most children receiving welfare are living in poverty, changes in welfare laws would not necessarily produce changes in the poverty level. Whereas, by using the expanded definition of income in measuring the depth of poverty, they were able to look at the effect of welfare changes on the very poor.

80. AALI | Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Florida Welfare Reform Table 8 Statistical analysis Post 12 Months (For Quarter 4, 1998). MultipleComparisons¹ FL InterUniversity welfare reform Collaborative, Fall 1999. http://www.academy.umd.edu/scholarship/aali/spp2000networking/florida2.htm

AALI Home Scholar-Practitioner Program Board Staff ... Past Events Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Florida Welfare Reform: A Study of Income Levels for Black, Hispanic, and White Post-Welfare Recipients By Robert E. Beneckson M.S., Senior Researcher ( rbeneckson@bigfoot.com ); Marvin Dunn Ph.D,. Mentor; Anjenys Gonzalez B.S., Community Organizer; Clara Marichal M.L.A., Research Assistant.   Presented in the summer of 2000 in Washington, D.C. Introduction One area of concern that has arisen with the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunities Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 is the potential for racial disparities in the implementation of the law. Around the country some researchers have begun to look into this question, but the focused work on racial disparities is still in the early stages.  Susan Gooden, Ph.D. of the Center for Public Administration and Policy (CPAP) of Virginia Tech studied 223 female welfare recipients in the Culpeper region of Virginia on various dimensions of employment status and found among other things that, "In general, blacks earn less than whites, are less likely to be employed full time and are over-represented in lower paying occupations."  Clark, Jarmon, and Langley studied 140 welfare leavers in five rural Florida counties and found, "Significant racial differences in employment and income were noted in our data. First, whites were more likely than Blacks to be currently employed (49.3% vs. 32.7%). Second, Black workers earned significantly less per hour than did White workers, and Blacks had household incomes that were two-thirds of White respondents."Â

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